CN102160499A - Method for realizing industrialization cultivation of lucid ganoderma - Google Patents
Method for realizing industrialization cultivation of lucid ganoderma Download PDFInfo
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- CN102160499A CN102160499A CN 201010226844 CN201010226844A CN102160499A CN 102160499 A CN102160499 A CN 102160499A CN 201010226844 CN201010226844 CN 201010226844 CN 201010226844 A CN201010226844 A CN 201010226844A CN 102160499 A CN102160499 A CN 102160499A
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- glossy ganoderma
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- wheat bran
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing industrialization cultivation of lucid ganoderma, comprising mother culture, stock culture, cultivation bag manufacturing, inoculating, spawn running management, lucid ganoderma emergence management and harvesting. The method has the characteristics that the biological efficiency, sporocarp commodity rate and land use ratio are obviously improved and time and labour are saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the industrialized cultivation method of cultivation of glossy ganoderma technology, particularly a kind of glossy ganoderma.
Background technology
At present the glossy ganoderma artificial cultivation method is a lot, has that bottle is planted, the Bag Material soil covering culture, and is segment wood cultivated, cultivation modes such as open-air pseudo-wild cultivating, wall formula soil covering culture, and substituting stuff cultivation prescription and proportioning are also different.There is time-consuming taking a lot of work in above-mentioned conventional cultivation method, problem such as land utilization rate, biology efficient, fruit body commodity rate are lower.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just is to provide a kind of improved glossy ganoderma industrialized cultivation method, and this method has biology efficient, fruit body commodity rate, land utilization rate and obviously improves, and the characteristics of time and labour saving.
Its technical solution is as follows:
The industrialized cultivation method of glossy ganoderma, comprise the steps: female plant cultivate, original seed is cultivated, cultivation bag is made, inoculation, hair tube reason, go out sesame and manage, gather; Wherein
Mother culture media is made up of following materials of weight proportions: potato 200g(liquor), glucose 20g, wheat bran 40g(liquor), potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3g, magnesium sulfate 1.5g, agar 20g, water 1L, pH value nature;
Pedigree seed culture medium is made up of following materials of weight proportions: cotton seed hulls 65%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 10%, corn flour 2%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%;
Culture medium for cultivating is made up of following materials of weight proportions: cotton seed hulls 68%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%.
Embodiment
Bacterial classification is selected
Bacterial classification is the basis that produces glossy ganoderma, and selecting breeding for use is the key of capturing the glossy ganoderma good quality and high output, and the quality of strain quality is related to the success or failure of cultivation, require bacterial classification stabilization characteristics of genetics, to breed quality good.Main breed is gone up in production at present Mount Taishan red ganoderma and Korea S glossy ganoderma, its wide adaptability, and good stability, anti-assorted contamination resistance is strong, and sheet is large-scale good, characteristics such as biology efficient, commodity rate height.Except that selecting improved seeds, in the bacterial classifications at different levels of cultivating glossy ganoderma, all to be rigid in checking up, note batching rationally, breed pure white sturdy, of the right age bacterial classification that viability is strong, for the good quality and high output of glossy ganoderma is beaten next solid foundation.
1, the production of hybrid seeds
1.1 female the kind made
Adopt 18 * 180mm test tube, every cuvette cartridge 10ml medium, tampon seals, and wraps with template for 7 one, and steam sterilizing 30min under 0.12MPa pressure puts into the inclined-plane after the taking-up.Randomly draw 20 and place and cultivate 48h in 28 ℃ of biochemical incubators, detecting does not have behind the assorted bacterium under aseptic condition the square mother of picking 3-5mm and plants piece and be transferred to and wait to connect on the test tube medium, the position on the lower side, inoculation finishes as for secretly cultivating in the 23-26 ℃ of biochemical incubator.Cultivate and to check for the first time behind the 3d and have or not assorted bacterium, mycelia is sent to semicanal and checks for the second time, checks for the third time during full packages, finds that bad individuality in time rejects.
1.2 original seed is made
Female kind is in time made original seed after sending out full packages.The composts or fertilisers of cultivating for preparing is installed in the 650ml glass seed bottle degree of tightness appropriateness, the middle hole of making a call to a bore 1.5cm of material by prescription, be beneficial to ventilation, seal, in time sterilization with polyacrylic film, can not be overnight, prevent to become sour steam sterilizing 3h under 0.12MPa pressure.Sterilize to finish to take out when being cooled to 28 ℃ of left and right sides and inoculates under aseptic condition, one female kind can connect 5 bottles of original seeds, and inoculation finishes and places a dark bacterium under the 23-26 ℃ of condition, and ambient humidity is not higher than 70%, ventilates every day 2 times, each 1h.Check 3 growth situations between bacteria developing period, in time pick pollution, undergrowth individuality.
2 cultivations
2.1 cultivation season
Glossy ganoderma belongs to high temperature fecundity mushroom, and according to its biological property, area mid-April system cultivation bag to the north of the Changjiang river is sent out full bacterium bag through about 45d, can put bag by the end of May and go out sesame, generally cultivates one batch.But the cultivation of areas to the south, the Changjiang river spring and autumn, arrange out sesame in mid or late May spring, and arrange out sesame in mid or late September autumn.The concrete cultivation time should be according to local climate characteristics and scale arrangement.
2.2 spice
Select for use fresh, do not have go mouldy, free from insect pests, clean, dry raw material, take by weighing supplementary material machinery by prescription and mix thoroughly, with holding a material, holding with medium hand-power has water droplet to ooze out between webs, be not advisable but do not drip behind the spice.
2.3 pack sterilization
Cultivation bag adopts 17 * 40cm polypropylene plastics pocket, use articulations digitorum manus compacting around bag of having bent the five fingers behind the mechanical charging, the centre needn't be with defeating, leveling, tighten sack with nylon rope, can adorn siccative 0.6kg for every bag, the filler elasticity will suit, cross pine, tension all influences growing of glossy ganoderma, causes gross yield to descend.In time carry out atmospheric steam sterilization after the pack, keep 12h when temperature reaches 100 ℃, the vexed again 12h bag that dries in the air that can take the dish out of the pot is treated can inoculate when the pocket temperature is reduced to below 28 ℃ after the truce.
2.4 inoculation
Inoculation can be put up the simple and easy portable inoculation account of plastics and be inoculated in canopy, inoculate to move 1 time 1 time and inoculate account, and originally the position at place is used for the bacterium bag and sends out bacterium.Reject the aging bacterium layer on bacterial classification surface with aseptic nipper in the aseptic inoculation account, and bacterial classification is smash into the shelled peanut size, adopt two inoculation method, open the tying of pocket one end, insert bacterial classification, seal immediately, tighten, the other end in like manner goes round and begins again.Bacterial classification looses and is sprinkling upon on the charge level, does not concentrate on sack in order to avoid influence is sent out bacterium and gone out sesame, and every bottle of bacterial classification can be inoculated 30 bag cultivating bags.Seeded process should shorten out a bag time as far as possible, accomplishes sterile working, and strict control reduces and pollutes, and can suitably strengthen inoculum concentration, reduces and pollutes probability.
2.5 hair tube reason
The inoculation cultivation bag after on the spot piling send out bacterium.Cultivation bag is placed on the furrow ridge along furrow ridge direction vertical pendulum, stays the 2cm space between bag and the bag, highly be no more than 7 layers, if cultivation bag is piled up too highly, the heat that the bacterium bag gives out can not distribute, and influences the growth of mycelia.The bacteria developing period temperature is controlled at 23-26 ℃ and is advisable, and air humidity is controlled at below 70%, carries out ventilation in conjunction with temperature, humidity situation between bacteria developing period, keeps air fresh, and ventilate 2-3 every day, each 1.5h.Well-grown under the mycelia dark condition, light are crossed strong inhibition mycelial growth, so light is suitable weak unsuitable strong.Inoculation begins to check around sack two ends and the bacterium bag whether living contaminants is arranged behind the 5d, all appearance redness, green, black mycelia promptly be assorted bacterium, should in time prevent and treat, turn over buttress in conjunction with checking assorted bacterium once every 7-10d later on.Turn over to cut in the process and want inside and outside up and down reversing of position, so that keep the temperature unanimity, bear the pressure unanimity, favourable mycelia evenly grows, and can send out through about 45d cultivation bag full.
2.6 go out the sesame management
The bacterium bag is put
Can put bag after cultivation bag sends out bacterium full and go out sesame.Cultivation bag is placed on the furrow ridge along furrow ridge direction vertical pendulum, and sign indicating number one-tenth wall formula is stayed the 2cm space between bag and the bag, is beneficial to ventilation, puts and highly is no more than 8 layers.As surpassing 8 layers, every interlayer separates with bamboo pole, is convenient to ventilate.
The artificial intervention helped the fruit body differentiation
Opening
Cultivation bag is put and is finished, and in time opens artificial intervention of sack after condition of culture possesses and helps the fruit body differentiation, does not allow original hase longer before opening.Craftsmenship is very strong during opening, with 75% alcohol disinfecting blade, catches hold of tying on the other hand, vertically cut off along the jag inboard of colligation at sack with blade on the other hand, form the round mouth of a 1-1.5cm, otch is smooth, impel original hase to form rounding, full, prevent bull, bifurcated, whether what sack cut meets the requirements, and goes out the sesame quality very big relation is arranged, if sack Kai Detai is little, not only draw badly, when original hase occurring can with the plastic sack friction, form deformity; Opening is excessive, and the easy dehydration of composts or fertilisers of cultivating forms the original hase difficulty.
The former base period
Bacterium bag opening 5-6d, cultivate material surface original hase is concentrated protuberance, forms the white pimple of finger tripe size at the sack place, i.e. the original hase of glossy ganoderma.Former base period environmental temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and relative air humidity 85-90% be to guarantee the humidity in the sesame canopy, but pours water 1 time to the drain ditch every day, does not reach requirement as humidity, can forbid to the original hase water spray again to aerial spraying, prevents from that humidity is excessive to go mouldy, rot.The former base period is opened the ventilating opening ventilation every day to the carbonic acid gas sensitivity, keeps air fresh.The original hase vegetative stage keeps light scattering being arranged, intensity of illumination 500-2000lx in the sesame canopy.
Manual amendment
In the glossy ganoderma original hase growth course, the sack that has together with the time grow a plurality of original hases, what have is big, what have is little, if let alone growth, nutrition disperses, and can not form full fruit body, for obtaining big and full ganoderma lucidum fruitbody, need artificial the intervention, original hase is repaired, help differentiation.During the finishing original hase, long unnecessary original hase more weak, that adnation position is poor is pruned each cultivation bag one by one with 75% alcohol disinfecting blade, only stay the original hase of a stalwartness on one side, impel and hack, it is smooth to cut mouth, do not injure the original hase growing point of reservation, can break up about 7d and hack.
Under the normal management condition, as not hacking behind the 10d and original hase length surpasses 3cm, not extending transversely, form a round pimple, the blade of using sterilization keeps the latter half along the original hase by-level the first half of pruning, and notes not injuring growing point, otch is smooth, original hase can break up and hacks, as also not hacking, and the latter half of pruning again, only keep the thick former substrate of 1cm, can break up after several days and hack.Glossy ganoderma is hacked the phase, also can go out mixed and disorderly little glossy ganoderma at root growth frequently, also will prune one by one, concentrates nutrition, specializes in a fruit body and grows.
Hack the phase
Glossy ganoderma is hacked the phase ambient humidity and is controlled at 85-90%, and pour water 1 time to the drain ditch every day, increases humidity in the canopy, for remaining the humidity in the glossy ganoderma canopy, can adopt the mode of water spray in the canopy, when glossy ganoderma has just been hacked, the cloud point of spraying is tiny, and injection flow rate can not be too much, should not spray water on the sesame sheet; When the sesame sheet was big slightly, injection flow rate can increase gradually, can spray gently on the sesame sheet, and is excessive as humidity, can cause mycotic infection on established sesame sheet, influences product quality, output.Illumination requires 2000-3000lx, and gas concentration lwevel is no more than 0.1%, as can not get good ventilation and illumination, and the sesame sheet is difficult for forming, and original hase is elongation constantly, forms the same lopsided glossy ganoderma of deer horn.Environmental temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, be lower than 25 ℃ or be higher than 30 ℃ and all can cause fruit body development bad, alternating temperature is unfavorable for the fruit body differentiation and grows, is easy to generate the differentiation circle of became uneven, therefore adjusting the relation between ventilation, temperature, humidity and illumination, is the key of the phase of hacking.
Maturing stage
Fruit body enters the stage of ripeness through more than 30 days grow, and sesame sheet edge white growing point disappears, and cap is no longer expanded, and the edge begins to thicken, the weightening finish of sesame sheet, and sesame sheet lignification increases the weight of.The suitably control ventilation of this stage, ambient humidity has facilitation to sesame sheet maturation about 85%, prevent hot and humid mould generation simultaneously, influences sesame sheet commodity.
Conidial powder is collected
Fruit body was grown through 35 days left and right sides time, and the surface presents lacquer sample gloss, begins to discharge spore.Before discharging spore, pouring water once in the drain ditch, in the 3rd day plastic film is spread in irrigation ditch and aisle, not the open country face, so that the conidial powder of distributing is collected, reduce ventilation simultaneously, prevent that conidial powder from being blown away by wind, regularly logical gentle breeze, every day 2-3 time, each 30min no longer sprays water in the sesame canopy.Through 7-10d, spore discharges successively and finishes, and the conidial powder on the plastic film is collected, and the conidial powder on the sesame sheet is swept down also gently with hairbrush and collected, and in time dries, packs, sells.
Gather and process
Harvesting standard
The sign of glossy ganoderma maturation: cap fully launches, and cap edge white growth circle disappears, and cap is by thin thickening, and color is by pale yellow palm fibre or the brown of deepening, and attached a small amount of conidial powder is gone up in the cap hardening.
Gather
Ripe glossy ganoderma stops growing, and degeneration-resistant anti-assorted bacterium ability weakens, and the temp. and humidity of sesame canopy is higher in addition, and the easy infection bacterium of mix should in time be gathered, and the untimely or overcast and rainy sesame sheet of gathering of gathering is easily mildew and rot.Cut off or cut off the sesame handle with scraper or secateurs from sesame tang portion when gathering, stay handle base of a fruit 1-2cm, be not with medium, the glossy ganoderma under adopting should in time be placed on airing on the clean water mud field, is strictly on guard against that foreign material adhere to.When gathering glossy ganoderma, check one by one, those full maturitys of gathering, surface coverage the glossy ganoderma of one deck glossy ganoderma powder, and the glossy ganoderma that does not begin to launch spore is not temporarily gathered.
Through above-mentioned cultivation management, the biology efficient of dried glossy ganoderma can reach 15-16%, and lopsided sesame is few, fruit body commodity rate height.This cultivation is generally only adopted a damp glossy ganoderma, and two damp sesame sheets are little, and biology efficient is low, the management cost height.
Processing
The water content of fresh glossy ganoderma is higher, is difficult for storing, thus after glossy ganoderma is gathered, in 2-3d, dry or dry, otherwise outside of belly bacterium hole can become pitchy, reduces quality.Cut off the sesame handle by specification requirement after gathering, be put on the seat of shop, the outside of belly is downward, spreads out one by one, shines 3d continuously, shines once behind the 10d again; Also can make sesame sheet water content reduce to 13%, can pack and seal, place dry indoor preservation or sale 40-60 ℃ of oven dry down.
It below is the comparative trial of culture medium for cultivating of the present invention and several existing medium of using always.
1. wood chip 78%, wheat bran 20%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1%.
2. cotton seed hulls 77%, wheat bran 20%, superphosphate 1%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1%.
3. cotton seed hulls 48%, wood chip 30%, wheat bran 20%, superphosphate 1%, gypsum 1%.
4. cotton seed hulls 77%, wheat bran 10%, corn flour 10%, sugar, phosphate fertilizer and gypsum each 1%;
5. cotton seed hulls 89%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%;
6. culture medium for cultivating of the present invention.
As seen from the above, use culture medium for cultivating of the present invention medium more in the past bigger improvement all to be arranged at aspects such as commodity rate, the incidence of disease, biology efficient.
Claims (5)
1. the industrialized cultivation method of glossy ganoderma, comprise the steps: female plant cultivate, original seed is cultivated, cultivated species is cultivated, inoculation, hair tube reason, go out sesame and manage, gather; Wherein
Mother culture media is made up of following materials of weight proportions: potato 200g(liquor), glucose 20g, wheat bran 40g(liquor), potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3g, magnesium sulfate 1.5g, agar 20g, water 1L, pH value nature;
Pedigree seed culture medium is made up of following materials of weight proportions: cotton seed hulls 65%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 10%, corn flour 2%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%;
The cultivated species medium is made up of following materials of weight proportions: cotton seed hulls 68%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%.
2. the industrialized cultivation method of glossy ganoderma according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bacteria developing period temperature is controlled at 26-27 ℃, and air humidity is controlled at below 70%.
3. the industrialized cultivation method of glossy ganoderma as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: glossy ganoderma is hacked the phase ambient humidity and is controlled at 85-90%, illumination 2000-3000lx, gas concentration lwevel is no more than 0.1%, and environmental temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃.
4. according to the industrialized cultivation method of each described glossy ganoderma in the claim 1,2,3, it is characterized in that: comprise that also artificial intervention helps the fruit body differentiation step going out the sesame management phase, promptly put and finish at cultivation bag, after possessing, condition of culture catches hold of tying, vertically cut off along the jag inboard of colligation with the sterilization blade at sack, form the round mouth of a 1-1.5cm, otch is smooth; In the original hase growth course, long unnecessary original hase more weak, that adnation position is poor is pruned one by one with the sterilization blade, a sack only stays the original hase of a stalwartness; Surpass 3cm, the original hase of extending transversely differentiation not along the original hase by-level the first half (or two parts) up and down of pruning, does not injure growing point with the blade of sterilizing, and only keeps the thick former substrate of 1cm, can break up after several days and hack.
5. cultivation of glossy ganoderma kind medium is characterized in that described medium is made up of following materials of weight proportions: cotton seed hulls 68%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%.
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| CN102701857A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-03 | 仙芝科技(福建)股份有限公司 | Ganoderma lucidum culture medium prepared from coix seed shells and coix seed straws |
| CN103304333A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-09-18 | 广西巴马原生长寿食品有限公司 | Culture medium for lucid ganoderma and culture method |
| CN103641632A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-03-19 | 扬州大学 | Lucid ganoderma substitute cultivation medium using paper mulberry wood saw dust as main material |
| CN103641615A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-19 | 邬金梅 | Method for manufacturing ganoderma lucidum culture material from sunflower byproducts |
| CN103749151A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-30 | 广东省微生物研究所 | Artificial cultivation method of Amauroderma rude |
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| CN104082033A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2014-10-08 | 信芝（厦门）生物科技有限公司 | Ganoderma lucidum planting method |
| CN104871812A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-09-02 | 王海霞 | Cultivation method of high-yield and storage-resistant ganoderma lucidum |
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| CN103749151A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-30 | 广东省微生物研究所 | Artificial cultivation method of Amauroderma rude |
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| CN104041330A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-09-17 | 通化吉通实业有限公司 | Ganoderma tsugae imitating wild short-cut wood cultivation method |
| CN104871812A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-09-02 | 王海霞 | Cultivation method of high-yield and storage-resistant ganoderma lucidum |
| CN105379555A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-03-09 | 宣汉县硕博菌业科技服务有限公司 | Corn interplanting ganoderma cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20110824 |