KR100918336B1 - 배기 가스 정화 촉매 및 그의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
배기 가스 정화 촉매 및 그의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100918336B1 KR100918336B1 KR1020080002383A KR20080002383A KR100918336B1 KR 100918336 B1 KR100918336 B1 KR 100918336B1 KR 1020080002383 A KR1020080002383 A KR 1020080002383A KR 20080002383 A KR20080002383 A KR 20080002383A KR 100918336 B1 KR100918336 B1 KR 100918336B1
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- oxide
- exhaust gas
- noble metal
- compound
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 243
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 40
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 39
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 45
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 24
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- SZUVGFMDDVSKSI-WIFOCOSTSA-N (1s,2s,3s,5r)-1-(carboxymethyl)-3,5-bis[(4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-propylcarbamoyl]cyclopentane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@](CC(O)=O)([C@H](C(=O)N(CCC)CC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C1)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)N(CCC)CC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 SZUVGFMDDVSKSI-WIFOCOSTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940126543 compound 14 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011817 metal compound particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910015999 BaAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVIZARNDLVOMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ginsenoside K Natural products C1CC(C2(CCC3C(C)(C)C(O)CCC3(C)C2CC2O)C)(C)C2C1C(C)(CCC=C(C)C)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O FVIZARNDLVOMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036619 pore blockages Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/902—Multilayered catalyst
- B01D2255/9022—Two layers
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- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
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- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 촉매 작용을 갖는 귀금속과, 이 귀금속이 담지되는 제1 산화물과, 이 촉매 귀금속이 담지된 제1 산화물을 둘러싸는 제2 산화물을 포함하는 촉매 입자 유닛을 구비하고,이 촉매 입자 유닛이 복수개 모여 이루어지는 촉매 분말 중에, 조촉매 성분인 전이 원소, 알칼리 토류 금속 원소, 알칼리 금속 원소, 희토류 원소로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 화합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 정화 촉매.
- 촉매 작용을 갖는 귀금속과, 이 귀금속이 담지되는 제1 산화물과, 이 촉매 귀금속이 담지된 제1 산화물을 둘러싸는 제2 산화물을 포함하는 촉매 입자 유닛을 구비하고,이 촉매 입자 유닛이 복수개 모여 이루어지는 촉매 분말 중에, 상기 촉매 입자 유닛의 제2 산화물에 접하는 조촉매 성분인 전이 원소, 알칼리 토류 금속 원소, 알칼리 금속 원소, 희토류 원소로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 화합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 정화 촉매.
- 촉매 작용을 갖는 귀금속과, 이 귀금속이 담지되는 제1 산화물과, 이 촉매 귀금속이 담지된 제1 산화물을 둘러싸는 제2 산화물을 포함하는 촉매 입자 유닛을 구비하고,이 촉매 입자 유닛이 복수개 모여 이루어지는 촉매 분말 중에, 상기 촉매 입자 유닛의 제2 산화물과, 조촉매 성분인 전이 원소, 알칼리 토류 금속 원소, 알칼리 금속 원소, 희토류 원소로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 화합물이 복합화된 산화물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 정화 촉매.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 세공 직경 100 nm 이하의 세공 용량이 0.20 cm3/g 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 정화 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 귀금속이 Pt이고, 상기 제1 산화물이 Ce를 포함하는 산화물이고, 상기 제2 산화물이 Al을 포함하는 산화물이고, 상기 조촉매 성분인 화합물이 Na, K, Cs, Ba, Fe, Ni, Mn, Ce, La 및 Zr에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 산화물, 탄산염 및 황산염 중 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 정화 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 귀금속이 Pd이고, 상기 제1 산화물이 Ce 및 Zr 중 1종 이상을 포함하는 산화물이고, 상기 제2 산화물이 Al을 포함하는 산화물이고, 상기 조촉매 성분인 화합물이 Na, K, Cs, Ba, Fe, Ni, Mn, Ce, La 및 Zr에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 산화물, 탄산염 및 황산염 중 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 정화 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 귀금속이 Rh이고, 상기 제1 산화물이 Zr을 포함하는 산화물이고, 상기 제2 산화물이 Al을 포함하는 산화물이고, 상기 조촉매 성분인 화합물이 Fe, Ni, Mn, Ce, La 및 Zr에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 산화물, 탄산염 및 황산염 중 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 정화 촉매.
- 촉매 귀금속을 제1 화합물에 담지시킨 후, 이 담지시킨 제1 화합물을 제2 화합물의 원료인 베마이트와 조촉매 성분인 화합물의 혼합물로 둘러싸고, 그 후에 500 ℃ 이상에서 소성시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 배기 가스 정화 촉매의 제조 방법.
- 내화성 무기 기재에 형성되어 있는 관통 구멍의 내면에 2층 이상의 촉매 코팅층을 가지고, 이 촉매 코팅층의 내층측에 제5항 또는 제6항에 기재된 배기 가스 정화 촉매를 포함하고, 이 촉매 코팅층의 표층측에 제7항에 기재된 배기 가스 정화 촉매를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 정화 촉매.
- 내화성 무기 기재에 형성되어 있는 관통 구멍의 내면에 2층 이상의 촉매 코팅층을 가지고, 이 촉매 코팅층의 내층측에 제5항 또는 제6항에 기재된 배기 가스 정화 촉매를 포함하고, 이 촉매 코팅층의 표층측에 제5항 또는 제6항에 기재된 배 기 가스 정화 촉매와 제7항에 기재된 배기 가스 정화 촉매를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 정화 촉매.
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CN101219380B (zh) | 2012-02-15 |
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JP4853291B2 (ja) | 2012-01-11 |
US20080167181A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
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