JPWO2019013355A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2017年07月13日に、日本に出願された特願2017−137408号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
このような課題に対し、特許文献6には、鋼板表面に非晶質酸化物被膜を形成した後、張力絶縁被膜を形成する方法が開示されている。また、特許文献7〜11には、さらに密着性が高い張力絶縁被膜を形成することを目的とし、非晶質酸化物被膜の構造を制御する技術が開示されている。
次いで、非晶質酸化物被膜を有する方向性電磁鋼板の表面に、リン酸塩、クロム酸、コロイダルシリカを主体とする塗布液を塗布し、窒素雰囲気中において、835℃で30秒間焼き付けて、張力絶縁被膜を形成した。
張力絶縁被膜の被膜密着性は、直径20mmの円筒に、上記鋼板から採取した試料を巻き付け(180°曲げ)の後、曲げ戻した状態で、張力絶縁被膜が鋼板から剥離せず、密着したま残存している部分の面積率(以下「被膜残存面積率」という。)で評価した。被膜残存面積率については、目視で測定すればよい。
本実施形態に係る電磁鋼板において、非晶質酸化物被膜とは、実質的に非晶質な酸化物のみからなる被膜である。被膜が酸化物を有するかどうかは、TEMやFT−IRを用いて確認できる。
市販の光沢計、例えばBYK−Gardner社製のマイクロトリグロス光沢計(4446)を使用し、JIS Z−8741に規格の方法(入射角60°で黒ガラス標準板(屈折率1.567)を測定した値を100として、光沢度を規定する方法)により測定する。
非晶質酸化物被膜の上に張力絶縁被膜が形成されている場合、張力絶縁被膜を形成した製品鋼板の張力絶縁被膜を、80℃の20%水酸化ナトリウムのエッチング液に20分間浸漬する湿式エッチングで選択的に除去してから、光沢度を測定すればよい。
Cは、磁気時効によって鉄損特性を著しく劣化させる元素である。C含有量が0.085%を超えると、脱炭焼鈍後も、Cが残留し、鉄損特性が劣化する。そのため、C含有量は0.085%以下とする。Cは、少ないほど鉄損特性にとって好ましいが、検出限界が0.0001%程度であるので、0.0001%がC含有量の実質的な下限である。鉄損特性改善の観点から、C含有量は0.010%以下が好ましく、より好ましくは0.005%以下である。
Siは、磁気特性の向上に寄与する元素である。Si含有量が0.80%未満では、二次再結晶焼鈍時に鋼が相変態して、二次再結晶を制御することができず、良好な磁束密度と鉄損特性とが得られない。そのため、Si含有量は0.80%以上とする。好ましくは2.50%以上、より好ましくは3.00%以上である。
Mn含有量が1.00%を超えると、二次再結晶焼鈍時に鋼が相変態し、良好な磁束密度と鉄損特性とが得られない。そのため、Mn含有量は1.00%以下とする。好ましくは0.70%以下、より好ましくは0.50%以下である。Al含有量は0%でもよい。
Al含有量が0.065%を超えると、鋼板が脆化するとともに、AlNの析出が不均一になる。その結果、所要の二次再結晶組織が得られず、磁束密度が低下する。そのため、Al含有量は0.065%以下とする。好ましくは0.060%以下、より好ましくは0.055%以下である。Al含有量は0%でもよい。
一方、Alは、インヒビターとして機能するAlNを形成し、磁気特性の向上に寄与する元素である。そのため、製造に用いるスラブにおいて、Al含有量が0.010%未満では、AlNの生成量が少なく、二次再結晶が十分に進行しない。そのため、製造に用いるスラブにおけるAl含有量は0.010%以上とすることが好ましく、このAlが鋼板に残存してもよい。
Sは、微細な硫化物を形成し、鉄損特性を低下させる元素である。Sは、少ないほど好ましいが、検出限界が0.0001%程度であるので、S含有量は0.0001%以上としてもよい。より好ましくは0.003%以上、さらに好ましくは0.005%以上である。
Cuは、Sと結合し、インヒビターとして機能する析出物を形成する元素である。Cu含有量が0.01%未満では、含有による効果が十分に得られないので、効果を得る場合、Cu含有量は0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.04%以上、さらに好ましくは0.08%以上である。
Nは、インヒビターとして機能するAlNを形成する元素である。N含有量が0.004%未満では、AlNの形成が不十分となるので、上記効果を得る場合、N含有量は0.004%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.006%以上、さらに好ましくは0.007%以上である。
Pは、鋼板の比抵抗を高めて、鉄損の低減に寄与する元素である。含有による効果を確実に得る場合には、P含有量を0.02%以上とすることが好ましい。
一方、P含有量が0.50%を超えると、圧延性が低下する。そのため、含有させる場合でも、P含有量は0.50%以下とする。好ましくは0.35%以下である。
Niは、鋼板の比抵抗を高めて、鉄損の低減に寄与するとともに、熱延鋼板の金属組織を制御し、磁気特性の向上に寄与する元素である。含有による効果を確実に得る場合には、Ni含有量を0.02%以上とすることが好ましい。
一方、Ni含有量が1.00%を超えると、二次再結晶が不安定に進行する。そのため、含有させる場合でも、Niは1.00%以下とする。Ni含有量は好ましくは0.25%以下である。
Sb:0〜0.30%
Sn及びSbは、結晶粒界に偏析し、仕上げ焼鈍時、焼鈍分離剤が放出する水分でAlが酸化される(この酸化で、コイル位置でインヒビター強度が異なり、磁気特性が変動する)のを防止する作用を有する元素である。含有による効果を確実に得る場合には、いずれの元素においても、含有量を0.02%以上とすることが好ましい。
一方、いずれの元素も含有量が0.30%を超えると、二次再結晶が不安定となり、磁気特性が劣化する。そのため、Sn及びSbのいずれも含有量を0.30%以下とする。好ましくは、いずれの元素も0.25%以下である。
このような成分組成を有する鋼板は、C:0.085%以下、Si:0.80〜7.00%、Mn:0.01〜1.00%、Al:0.010〜0.065%、S:0.001〜0.013%、Cu:0〜0.01〜0.80%、N:0〜0.012%、P:0〜0.50%、Ni:0〜1.00%、Sn:0〜0.30%、Sb:0〜0.30%、を含有し、残部がFe及び不純物からなるスラブを用いて製造することによって得ることができる。
スクラバーは、ブラシの糸径を、直径0.2mm〜0.6mmとすることが好ましい。ブラシの糸径が、0.6mm超の場合、鋼板表面が荒れ(粗度が大きくなり)、非晶質酸化物被膜形成後の光沢度が低下するので、好ましくない。一方、ブラシの糸径が0.2mm未満であると、余分な焼鈍分離剤の除去が十分でなく、非晶質酸化物被膜形成後の光沢度が低下するので好ましくない。
スクラバーによる焼鈍分離剤除去後の、鋼板の表面粗度(JISB0601の算術平均Ra)は、0.2〜0.6μm程度とすることが好ましい。
前述したように、表面の光沢度(非晶質酸化物被膜のモルフォロジーの均一性に起因)が被膜残存面積率(張力絶縁被膜の被膜密着性の良否を示す指標)に影響する。本発明者らは、仕上げ焼鈍後の鋼板に対し、非晶質酸化物被膜を形成する際の焼鈍雰囲気の酸素分圧(PH2O/PH2)を変化させて、焼鈍雰囲気の酸素分圧(PH2O/PH2)と光沢度との関係を調査した。
そのため、本実施形態に係る電磁鋼板を得る場合、非晶質酸化物被膜を形成する焼鈍雰囲気の酸素分圧(PH2O/PH2)は0.010以下とすることが好ましく、0.005以下とすることがより好ましく、0.001以下とすることがさらに好ましい。
焼鈍温度が600℃未満では、非晶質酸化物被膜が十分に生成しない。また、1150℃超では設備負荷が高くなるので好ましくない。
表1−1に示す成分組成(鋼No.A〜F)の珪素鋼スラブを、それぞれ、1100℃に加熱して熱間圧延に供し、板厚2.6mmの熱延鋼板とした。これらの熱延鋼板に1100℃で焼鈍を施し、その後、一回の冷間圧延又は中間焼鈍を挟む複数回の冷間圧延を施して、最終板厚0.23mmの冷延鋼板とした。その後、これらの冷延鋼板に、脱炭焼鈍と窒化焼鈍を施した。
具体的には、被膜が形成されたそれぞれの鋼No.製造条件No.の組み合わせにおいて、鋼板断面をFIB(Focused Ion Beam)加工し、透過電子顕微鏡(TEM)にて10μm×10μmの範囲を観察し、被膜がSiO2からなることを確認した。
また、表面をフーリエ変換赤外分光法(FT−IR)で分析したところ、波数1250(cm-1)の位置にピークが存在した。このピークは、SiO2由来のピークであるので、このことからも、被膜がSiO2で形成されていることが合わせて確認できた。
また、被膜を有する鋼板に対し、X線回折を行った際に、地鉄のピークを除けばハローのみが検出され、特定のピークが検出されなかった。
すなわち、いずれも形成された被膜は非晶質酸化物被膜であった。
Claims (4)
- 鋼板と、
前記鋼板上に形成された非晶質酸化物被膜と、
を有し、
表面の光沢度が150%以上である
ことを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板。 - 前記鋼板が、化学組成として、質量%で、
C:0.085%以下、
Si:0.80〜7.00%、
Mn:1.00%以下、
Al:0.065%以下、
S:0.013%以下、
Cu:0〜0.80%、
N:0〜0.012%、
P:0〜0.5%、
Ni:0〜1.0%、
Sn:0〜0.3%、
Sb:0〜0.3%、
を含有し、残部がFe及び不純物からなる
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。 - 前記鋼板が、前記化学組成として、質量%で、Cu:0.01〜0.80%を含有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記光沢度が、JIS Z−8741に記載の方法で測定した光沢度であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
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