JPWO2013094465A1 - リチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2013094465A1 JPWO2013094465A1 JP2013550231A JP2013550231A JPWO2013094465A1 JP WO2013094465 A1 JPWO2013094465 A1 JP WO2013094465A1 JP 2013550231 A JP2013550231 A JP 2013550231A JP 2013550231 A JP2013550231 A JP 2013550231A JP WO2013094465 A1 JPWO2013094465 A1 JP WO2013094465A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- battery
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- -1 phosphonoacetate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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Images
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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Abstract
Description
トリメチル ホスホノフォルメート、メチル ジエチルホスホノフォルメート、メチル ジプロピルホスホノフォルメート、メチル ジブチルホスホノフォルメート、トリエチル ホスホノフォルメート、エチル ジメチルホスホノフォルメート、エチル ジプロピルホスホノフォルメート、エチル ジブチルホスホノフォルメート、トリプロピル ホスホノフォルメート、プロピル ジメチルホスホノフォルメート、プロピル ジエチルホスホノフォルメート、プロピル ジブチルホスホノフォルメート、トリブチル ホスホノフォルメート、ブチル ジメチルホスホノフォルメート、ブチル ジエチルホスホノフォルメート、ブチル ジプロピルホスホノフォルメート、メチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノフォルメート、エチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノフォルメート、プロピル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノフォルメート、ブチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノフォルメートなど。
トリメチル ホスホノアセテート、メチル ジエチルホスホノアセテート、メチル ジプロピルホスホノアセテート、メチル ジブチルホスホノアセテート、トリエチル ホスホノアセテート、エチル ジメチルホスホノアセテート、エチル ジプロピルホスホノアセテート、エチル ジブチルホスホノアセテート、トリプロピル ホスホノアセテート、プロピル ジメチルホスホノアセテート、プロピル ジエチルホスホノアセテート、プロピル ジブチルホスホノアセテート、トリブチル ホスホノアセテート、ブチル ジメチルホスホノアセテート、ブチル ジエチルホスホノアセテート、ブチル ジプロピルホスホノアセテート、メチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノアセテート、エチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノアセテート、プロピル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノアセテート、ブチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノアセテート、アリル ジメチルホスホノアセテート、アリル ジエチルホスホノアセテート、2−プロピニル ジメチルホスホノアセテート、2−プロピニル ジエチルホスホノアセテートなど。
トリメチル 3−ホスホノプロピオネート、メチル 3−(ジエチルホスホノ)プロピオネート、メチル 3−(ジプロピルホスホノ)プロピオネート、メチル 3−(ジブチルホスホノ)プロピオネート、トリエチル 3−ホスホノプロピオネート、エチル 3−(ジメチルホスホノ)プロピオネート、エチル 3−(ジプロピルホスホノ)プロピオネート、エチル 3−(ジブチルホスホノ)プロピオネート、トリプロピル 3−ホスホノプロピオネート、プロピル 3−(ジメチルホスホノ)プロピオネート、プロピル 3−(ジエチルホスホノ)プロピオネート、プロピル 3−(ジブチルホスホノ)プロピオネート、トリブチル 3−ホスホノプロピオネート、ブチル 3−(ジメチルホスホノ)プロピオネート、ブチル 3−(ジエチルホスホノ)プロピオネート、ブチル 3−(ジプロピルホスホノ)プロピオネート、メチル 3−(ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノ)プロピオネート、エチル 3−(ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノ)プロピオネート、プロピル 3−(ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノ)プロピオネート、ブチル 3−(ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノ)プロピオネートなど。
トリメチル 4−ホスホノブチレート、メチル 4−(ジエチルホスホノ)ブチレート、メチル 4−(ジプロピルホスホノ)ブチレート、メチル 4−(ジブチルホスホノ)ブチレート、トリエチル 4−ホスホノブチレート、エチル 4−(ジメチルホスホノ)ブチレート、エチル 4−(ジプロピルホスホノ)ブチレート、エチル 4−(ジブチルホスホノ)ブチレート、トリプロピル 4−ホスホノブチレート、プロピル 4−(ジメチルホスホノ)ブチレート、プロピル 4−(ジエチルホスホノ)ブチレート、プロピル ジブチルホスホノ)ブチレート、トリブチル 4−ホスホノブチレート、ブチル 4−(ジメチルホスホノ)ブチレート、ブチル 4−(ジエチルホスホノ)ブチレート、ブチル 4−(ジプロピルホスホノ)ブチレートなど。
ぞれ1層ずつである必要はなく、複数の層がセパレータ中にあってもよい。例えば、多孔質層(II)の両面に多孔質層(I)を配置した構成としたり、多孔質層(I)の両面に多孔質層(II)を配置した構成としてもよい。ただし、層数を増やすことで、セパレータの厚みを増やして電池の内部抵抗の増加やエネルギー密度の低下を招く虞があるので、層数を多くしすぎるのは好ましくなく、前記積層型のセパレータ中の多孔質層(I)と多孔質層(II)との合計層数は5層以下であることが好ましい。
P ={1−(m/t)/(Σai・ρi)}×100 (3)
ここで、前記(3)式中、ai:全体の質量を1としたときの成分iの比率、ρi:成分iの密度(g/cm3)、m:セパレータの単位面積あたりの質量(g/cm2)、t:セパレータの厚み(cm)である。
<正極の作製>
Li1.0Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2〔リチウムニッケル複合酸化物(a)〕とLi1.036Co0.991Al0.004Mg0.002Sr0.001Ti0.002Zr0.001O2〔リチウムコバルト複合酸化物(b)〕とを3:7の割合(質量比)で混合した正極活物質100質量部と、結着剤であるPVDFを10質量%の濃度で含むNMP溶液20質量部と、導電助剤である人造黒鉛1質量部およびケッチェンブラック1質量部とを、二軸混練機を用いて混練し、更にNMPを加えて粘度を調節して、正極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。
負極活物質である平均粒子径D50%が8μmであるSiO表面を炭素材料で被覆した複合体(複合体における炭素材料の量が10質量%)と、平均粒子径D50%が16μmである黒鉛とを、SiO表面を炭素材料で被覆した複合体の量が3.75質量%となる量で混合した混合物:97.5質量部と、結着剤であるSBR:1.5質量部と、増粘剤であるCMC:1質量部とに、水を加えて混合し、負極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)との容積比3:7の混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1.1mol/Lの濃度で溶解させて、更にアジポニトリルを0.1質量%となる量、EDPAを1.25質量%となる量、FECを2.0質量%となる量、およびVCを2.0質量%となる量で、それぞれ添加して、非水電解質を調製した。
前記帯状の正極を、厚みが16μmの以下に示すセパレータを介して前記帯状の負極に重ね、渦巻状に巻回した後、扁平状になるように加圧して扁平状巻回構造の電極巻回体とし、この電極巻回体をポリプロピレン製の絶縁テープで固定した。次に、外寸が厚み4.0mm、幅34mm、高さ50mmのアルミニウム合金製の角形の電池ケースに前記電極巻回体を挿入し、リード体の溶接を行うとともに、アルミニウム合金製の蓋板を電池ケースの開口端部に溶接した。その後、蓋板に設けた注入口から前記非水電解質を注入し、1時間静置した後注入口を封止して、図1に示す構造で、図2に示す外観のリチウム二次電池を得た。
平均粒子径D50%が1μmのベーマイト5kgに、イオン交換水5kgと、分散剤(水系ポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩、固形分濃度40質量%)0.5kgとを加え、内容積20L、転回数40回/分のボールミルで10時間解砕処理をして分散液を調製した。処理後の分散液を120℃で真空乾燥し、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察したところ、ベーマイトの形状はほぼ板状であった。
アジポニトリルの添加量を0.25質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
アジポニトリルの添加量を0.5質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
アジポニトリルの添加量を1.0質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
アジポニトリルの添加量を2.5質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
アジポニトリルの添加量を5.0質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
アジポニトリルの添加量を0.5質量%に変更し、EPDAを添加しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
アジポニトリルの添加量を7.5質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
アジポニトリルをスクシノニトリルに変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は実施例4と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作成した。
EDPAをPDPAに変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は実施例4と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作成した。
アジポニトリルを添加しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
実施例および比較例の電池について、1.0Cの電流値で4.35Vまで定電流充電を行い、続いて4.35Vの電圧で定電圧充電を行った。なお、定電流充電と定電圧充電の総充電時間は2.5時間とした。その後、0.2Cの電流値で3.0Vまで放電を行い、初期容量を測定した。
実施例および比較例の各電池(50℃・DOD5%試験を行ったものとは別の電池)について、45℃で、1.0Cの電流値で4.4Vまで充電する定電流充電と、続いて4.4Vの電圧で定電圧充電を行う定電流−定電圧充電を継続し、500時間後の各電池の短絡の有無を調べた。
実施例および比較例の各電池(前記の各評価を行ったものとは別の電池)について、50℃・DOD5%試験の初期容量測定と同じ条件で充放電を行って、初期容量を測定した。
実施例および比較例の電池(前記の各評価を行ったものとは別の電池)について、50℃・DOD5%試験の初期容量測定と同じ条件で充電を行った。充電後の各電池を恒温槽に入れ、槽内温度を85℃にして24時間放置した。その後、恒温槽から各電池を取り出し、室温になるまで放冷してから厚みを測定し、初期厚み(4.0mm)との差を算出して、貯蔵試験後の電池の膨れ量を求めた。
実施例および比較例の電池(前記の各評価を行ったものとは別の電池)について、50℃・DOD5%試験の初期容量測定と同じ条件で充放電を行って放電容量(0.2C 放電容量)を測定した。また、0.2C放電容量測定後の各電池について、0.2C放電容量測定時と同じ条件で充電を行い、1.5Cの電流値で3.0Vまで放電を行って、放電容量(1.5C放電容量)を測定した。そして、各電池について、1.5C放電容量を0.2C放電容量で除した値を百分率で表して、容量維持率を求めた。この容量維持率が高いほど、電池の負荷特性が優れているといえる。
2 負極
3 セパレータ
Claims (10)
- 集電体の片面または両面に正極活物質を含有する正極合剤層を有する正極、集電体の片面または両面に負極活物質を含有する負極合剤層を有する負極、非水電解質およびセパレータを備えたリチウム二次電池であって、
前記正極の正極合剤層は、一般組成式Li1+yNi1−a−b−cCoaMnbM1 cO2〔ただし、M1はMg、Al、Ti、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sn、W、B、PおよびBiよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素であり、−0.15≦y≦0.15、0.05≦a≦0.3、0.05≦b≦0.3、0≦c≦0.03、およびa+b+c≦0.5である〕で表されるリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を、正極活物質として含有しており、
前記負極の負極合剤層は、SiとOとを構成元素に含む材料(ただし、Siに対するOの原子比xは、0.5≦x≦1.5である)を負極活物質として含有しており、
前記非水電解質は、分子内にニトリル基を有する化合物を含有していることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。 - 分子内にニトリル基を有する化合物の含有量が、0.1〜5.0質量%の非水電解質を使用した請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 分子内にニトリル基を有する化合物は、分子内にニトリル基を2以上有している請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 分子内にニトリル基を有する化合物が、アジポニトリルである請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 負極の負極合剤層は、SiとOとを構成元素に含む材料と炭素材料との複合体を含有している請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 負極の負極合剤層は、負極活物質として黒鉛質炭素材料を更に含有している請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
- ハロゲン置換された環状カーボネートを更に含有する非水電解質を使用した請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
- ビニレンカーボネートを更に含有する非水電解質を使用した請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 充電の上限電圧を4.3V以上に設定したものである請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
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WO2013094465A1 (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
JP6253411B2 (ja) | 2017-12-27 |
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