CN110249471A - 二次电池 - Google Patents
二次电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110249471A CN110249471A CN201880008248.9A CN201880008248A CN110249471A CN 110249471 A CN110249471 A CN 110249471A CN 201880008248 A CN201880008248 A CN 201880008248A CN 110249471 A CN110249471 A CN 110249471A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- insulating layer
- diaphragm
- ion secondary
- lithium ion
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013343 LiyNi(1-x)MxO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 42
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 44
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009783 overcharge test Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910011715 LiNi0.80 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012446 LiNi0.50Mn0.30Co0.20O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002991 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012838 LiNi0.60Mn0.20Co0.20O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYIBGDKNYYMMAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;terephthalic acid Chemical compound OCCO.OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 FYIBGDKNYYMMAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001535 kindling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004040 pyrrolidinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(bromomethyl)-1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(I)C(CBr)=C1 YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HINDGUYHPWYHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=O)N.C(=O)N.C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(=O)N.C(=O)N.C1=CC=CC=C1 HINDGUYHPWYHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003253 LiB10Cl10 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001559 LiC4F9SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002993 LiMnO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013164 LiN(FSO2)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012529 LiNi0.4Co0.3Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012742 LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015735 LiNi0.8Co0.05Mn0.15O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002995 LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015866 LiNi0.8Co0.1Al0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014422 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015329 LixMn2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl levulinate Chemical class CCCOC(=O)CCC(C)=O QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- JSLMNNPQKHONFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C(=O)O.C1=CC=CC=C1 JSLMNNPQKHONFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006015 heat resistant resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].OC([O-])=O HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonyl difluoride Chemical group CP(F)(F)=O PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003366 poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006264 polyurethane film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
- B60Y2400/11—Electric energy storages
- B60Y2400/112—Batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
- H01M50/48—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
- H01M50/48—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by the material
- H01M50/483—Inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
- H01M50/48—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by the material
- H01M50/486—Organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的一个实施方式的目的是提供一种高度安全的锂离子二次电池,所述锂离子二次电池包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜和具有层状结构和高镍含量的锂镍复合氧化物。根据本发明的第一锂离子二次电池的特征在于具有:具有正极混合物层和绝缘层的正极,所述正极混合物层包含具有层状结构并且非锂金属中的镍比率为60摩尔%以上的锂镍复合氧化物;和隔膜,所述隔膜包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子二次电池、制造所述锂离子二次电池的方法和装备有所述锂离子二次电池的车辆。
背景技术
锂离子二次电池已经被用于各种不同应用,并且对具有比以前更高的能量密度的电池存在需求。为了提高电池的能量密度,已研究了具有高放电容量的正极活性材料。近年来,锂镍复合氧化物常常被用作高能量密度正极活性材料。此外,为了提高电池的能量密度,使用具有更高镍含量的锂镍复合氧化物作为正极活性材料的电池是期望的。另一方面,镍含量高的锂镍复合氧化物还具有容易引起热失控的缺点。为了提高电池的安全性,电极之间高的电绝缘性变得重要,并且关于隔膜和绝缘层的改进的研究正在进行。
专利文献1公开了一种使用LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2作为正极活性材料的电池。在这种电池中,将含有氧化铝的绝缘层设置在正极混合物层上,并在正极与负极之间进一步设置聚乙烯隔膜。专利文献2公开了一种使用LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2和LiCoO2作为正极活性材料的电池。在这种电池中,将含有勃姆石细粒和提供关闭功能的聚乙烯细粒的绝缘层设置在负极混合物层上,并在正极与负极之间设置聚氨酯微孔膜。然而,在这些文献中描述的电池使用镍含量低的锂镍复合氧化物作为正极活性材料。因此,它们不具有足够的能量密度。此外,当使用具有更高镍含量的锂镍复合氧化物作为正极活性材料时,电池内的温度在异常时可能变高,因此使用具有160℃以下的低熔点的聚乙烯或聚氨酯的隔膜不能确保安全性。
引文列表
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2010-21113号公报
专利文献2:WO2013/136426
发明内容
技术问题
作为对适用于具有高镍含量的锂镍复合氧化物的隔膜进行深入研究的结果,本发明人发现聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯是适合的。与如上所述的聚乙烯和聚氨酯以及其他聚酯例如聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯相比,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯具有高的玻璃化转变温度(75℃)和熔点(250℃至264℃)和优异的耐热性。因此,它能够改善电池的安全性。另一方面,具有进一步更高耐热性的材料如聚酰亚胺和聚酰胺没有熔点并且加工性差。从能量密度和便携性的观点来看,需要锂离子二次电池的隔膜薄至约30μm以下。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯能够被热熔切割而不产生静电,并且适合于薄型化。此外,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯通常比聚酰亚胺和聚酰胺更便宜,并且在制造成本方面有优势。
然而,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯与其他材料相比在耐氧化性和耐碱性方面差,因此具有容易劣化的问题。特别是当使用镍含量高的层状锂镍复合氧化物的电池被过充电时,含有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的隔膜容易劣化。因此,在长期使用后,具有含有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的隔膜和含有镍含量高的层状锂镍复合氧化物的正极的电池仍然具有安全性问题。
鉴于上述问题,本发明的一个实施方式的目的是提供一种高度安全的锂离子二次电池,所述锂离子二次电池包含镍含量高的层状锂镍复合氧化物和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜。
问题的解决方案
本发明的第一锂离子二次电池的特征在于,所述锂离子二次电池包含含有正极混合物层和绝缘层的正极和包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的隔膜,其中所述正极混合物层包含基于锂以外的金属计镍比率为60摩尔%以上的层状锂镍复合氧化物。
本发明的有利效果
根据本发明的一个实施方式,能够提供使用镍含量高的层状锂镍复合氧化物和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜的高度安全的锂离子二次电池。
附图说明
图1是示出了膜包装电池的基本结构的分解透视图。
图2是示意性地示出了图1的电池的截面的截面图。
具体实施方式
在后文中,将针对其各个元件对本实施方式的锂离子二次电池的一个实例进行描述。
<隔膜>
本实施方式的锂离子二次电池包含在正极与负极之间的包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的隔膜。所述包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的隔膜也被称为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜或PET隔膜。所述隔膜可以具有单层结构或层压结构。在层压结构的情况下,所述隔膜包含含有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层。优选地,所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层被放置在所述正极侧上并与所述正极接触。所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜可能包含添加剂例如无机粒子和其他树脂材料。所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层中聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的含量优选为50重量%以上,更优选为70重量%以上,并且可以为100重量%。
当所述隔膜具有层压结构时,在所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层以外的其他层中使用的材料的实例包括但不具体限于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯以外的聚酯例如聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚烯烃例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯,芳香族聚酰胺(芳纶)例如聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺和共聚对亚苯基3,4'-氧基二亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺,聚酰亚胺,聚酰胺酰亚胺,纤维素等。所述隔膜可以包含主要由无机粒子构成的无机粒子层。
在本实施方式中,作为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的缺点的由氧化或碱造成的劣化能够被改善。因此,耐热性和加工性优异的单层聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜是优选的。
所述隔膜可以采取任何形式,包括纤维集合体例如纺织布或无纺布和微孔膜。所述纺织布和无纺布可以含有材料、纤维直径等不同的多种纤维。此外,所述纺织布和无纺布可以含有包含多种材料的复合纤维。这样的复合纤维的形式的实例包括芯鞘型、海岛型、并排型等。
用于所述隔膜的微孔膜的孔隙率和无纺布的孔隙率(空隙率)可以按照所述锂离子二次电池的特性适合地设定。为了获得良好的电池倍率特性,所述隔膜的孔隙率优选为35%以上,更优选为40%以上。此外,为了提高所述隔膜的强度,所述隔膜的孔隙率优选为80%以下,更优选为70%以下。
孔隙率可以通过下式计算:
孔隙率(%)=[1-(体积密度ρ(g/cm3)/材料的理论密度ρ0(g/cm3))]×100,
其中体积密度按照JIS P 8118测量。
其他测量方法包括使用电子显微镜的直接观察法和使用水银孔隙率计的压入法。
所述微孔膜的孔径优选为1μm以下,更优选为0.5μm以下,还更优选为0.1μm以下。此外,从带电体的透过性的观点来看,所述微孔膜的孔径优选为0.005μm以上,更优选为0.01μm以上。
就维持绝缘性和强度而言,所述隔膜优选是厚的。另一方面,为了提高电池的能量密度,所述隔膜优选是薄的。在本实施方式中,从提供短路预防和耐热性的观点来看,所述隔膜的厚度优选为3μm以上,更优选为5μm以上,还更优选为8μm以上。为了满足电池通常要求的规格例如能量密度,所述厚度优选为40μm以下,更优选为30μm以下,还更优选为25μm以下。
<正极>
所述正极包含:集电器;正极混合物层,其被设置在所述集电器上并包含含有层状锂镍复合氧化物的正极活性材料和粘合剂;以及绝缘层。在装备有绝缘层的正极中,由于隔膜不与所述层状锂镍复合氧化物接触,能够减少所述隔膜的劣化。
为了提高正极的能量密度,所述正极活性材料包含基于锂以外的金属计镍比率为60摩尔%以上的层状锂镍复合氧化物。所述层状锂镍复合氧化物中基于锂以外的金属计的镍比率优选为70摩尔%以上,更优选为80摩尔%以上。
优选的层状锂镍复合氧化物的实例包括由下式(1)所表示的那些:
LiyNi(1-x)MxO2 (1)
其中0≤x≤0.4,0<y≤1.2,并且M是选自由Co、Al、Mn、Fe、Ti和B组成的组中的至少一种元素。
由式(1)表示的化合物优选地具有高的Ni含量,也就是说,式(1)中x优选为0.3以下,更优选为0.2以下。这样的化合物的实例包括LiαNiβCoγMnδO2(0<α≤1.2,优选地1≤α≤1.2,β+γ+δ=1,β≥0.6,并且γ≤0.2)和LiαNiβCoγAlδO2(0<α≤1.2,优选地1≤α≤1.2,β+γ+δ=1,β≥0.6,优选地β≥0.7,并且γ≤0.2),特别是包括LiNiβCoγMnδO2(0.75≤β≤0.85,0.05≤γ≤0.15,并且0.10≤δ≤0.20)。更具体来说,可以优选地使用例如LiNi0.8Co0.05Mn0.15O2、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2、LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2和LiNi0.8Co0.1Al0.1O2。
其他正极活性材料可以与上面提到的基于锂以外的金属计镍比率为60摩尔%以上的层状锂镍复合氧化物一起使用。其他正极活性材料的实例包括:具有层状结构或尖晶石结构的锰酸锂例如LiMnO2和LixMn2O4(0<x<2);LiCoO2或该材料中的一部分过渡金属被其他金属置换而得的材料;与这些锂过渡金属氧化物中的化学计量组成相比Li过量的材料;具有橄榄石结构的材料例如LiFePO4,等等。此外,也可以使用这些金属氧化物的一部分被Al、Fe、P、Ti、Si、Pb、Sn、In、Bi、Ag、Ba、Ca、Hg、Pd、Pt、Te、Zn、La等置换而得的材料。
此外,基于锂以外的金属计镍比率低于60摩尔%的层状锂镍复合氧化物可以与上面提到的基于锂以外的金属计镍比率为60摩尔%以上的层状锂镍复合氧化物一起使用。例如,可以使用其中特定过渡金属不超过一半的化合物。这样的化合物的实例包括LiαNiβCoγMnδO2(0<α≤1.2,优选地1≤α≤1.2,β+γ+δ=1,0.2≤β≤0.5,0.1≤γ≤0.4,并且0.1≤δ≤0.4)。更具体的实例可以包括LiNi0.4Co0.3Mn0.3O2(简称为NCM433)、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2、LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2(简称为NCM523)和LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2(简称为NCM532)(也包括在这些化合物中各过渡金属的含量波动约10%的那些化合物)。
基于所述正极活性材料的总量计,所述基于锂以外的金属计镍比率为60摩尔%以上的层状锂镍复合氧化物的比率优选为50重量%以上,更优选为70重量%以上,并且可以为100重量%。
作为正极粘合剂,可以使用聚偏二氟乙烯、偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、偏二氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺等。除了上述粘合剂以外,还可例示苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶(SBR)等。当使用水性粘合剂例如SBR乳液时,也可以使用增稠剂例如羧甲基纤维素(CMC)。上述正极粘合剂可以被混合并使用。
从彼此处于权衡关系的足够的粘合强度和高能量密度的观点来看,待使用的粘合剂的量优选为基于100重量份的所述活性材料计0.5至20重量份。
对于所述正极混合物层来说,出于降低阻抗的目的,可以添加导电助剂。所述导电助剂的实例包括片状、煤状和纤维状碳细粒等,例如石墨、炭黑、乙炔黑、气相生长碳纤维等。
作为所述正极集电器,从电化学稳定性的观点来看,铝、镍、铜、银及其合金是优选的。作为其形状,可例示箔、平板、网等。特别地,使用铝、铝合金或铁-镍-铬-钼系不锈钢的集电器是优选的。
在本实施方式中,绝缘层被设置在所述正极上以便防止所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜的劣化。所述绝缘层优选被层压在所述正极混合物层上。所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜被配置在装备有所述绝缘层的正极与负极之间。
尽管详细机制不清楚,但推测在使用含有镍含量高的层状锂镍复合氧化物的正极的电池中,所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜由于下述原因而劣化。
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的耐碱性低。然而,由于在本实施方式中使用的镍含量高的活性材料例如锂镍复合氧化物包含大量碱成分例如氢氧化锂、碳酸锂和碳酸氢锂作为杂质,因此所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯被所述碱水解。此外,在碱性气氛下,物质的氧化还原电位通常降低,因此它容易被氧化。当具有低耐氧化性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯在这样的状态下与高电位正极接触时,它可能被容易地氧化。
因此,由源自于所述镍含量高的锂镍复合氧化物的碱造成的劣化和由在碱性气氛下的氧化造成的劣化组合,由此认为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的劣化被加速。相比之下,在本实施方式中,由于在所述正极混合物层上设置了绝缘层,所述正极活性材料与隔膜彼此不发生接触。因此,能够防止所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜的劣化。
在使用含有耐氧化性和耐碱性两者都低的材料例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的隔膜的情况下,必须通过处理例如清洗或化学反应来除去碱性物质,以便防止劣化。然而,在本实施方式中,不使用这样的预处理即能够防止所述隔膜的劣化。
尽管所述隔膜与正极之间的接触也可以通过在所述隔膜上设置绝缘层来阻止,在本实施方式中绝缘层被设置在所述正极上。在所述正极上设置绝缘层也有效地防止所述绝缘层收缩。低耐热性树脂材料在高温下热收缩。当涂有绝缘层的基材热收缩时,所述绝缘层也与所述基材一起收缩,引起绝缘失效。相比之下,由于所述正极不热收缩,因此即使在高温下也能够维持所述绝缘层的功能。尽管聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯是具有高耐热性的材料,但取决于温度它可能熔化或热收缩。通过在所述正极而不是可能热收缩的隔膜上设置绝缘层,能够提高安全性。
所述绝缘层包含绝缘填料和用于粘合所述绝缘填料的粘合剂。在本实施方式中,由于所述绝缘层被配置在包含镍含量高的层状锂镍复合氧化物的正极上,因此它们优选具有抗氧化性。
所述绝缘填料的实例包括金属氧化物和氮化物,具体为无机粒子例如铝氧化物(氧化铝)、硅氧化物(二氧化硅)、钛氧化物(二氧化钛)、锆氧化物(氧化锆)、镁氧化物(氧化镁)、氧化锌、钛酸锶、钛酸钡、氮化铝、氮化硅等,以及有机粒子例如硅橡胶。与有机粒子相比,无机粒子具有耐氧化性并因此在本实施方式中是优选的。
所述粘合剂优选地也在耐氧化性方面优异,并且更优选地具有由分子轨道计算给出的较小的HOMO值。由于含有卤素例如氟或氯的聚合物在耐氧化性方面优异,因此它适合于本实施方式中使用的粘合剂。这样的粘合剂的具体实例包括含有氟或氯的聚烯烃例如聚偏二氟乙烯(PVdF)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚六氟丙烯(PHFP)、聚三氟一氯乙烯(PCTFE)、聚全氟烷氧基氟代乙烯。
除了这些之外,可以使用在电极混合物层中常用的粘合剂。
当在后文中描述的用于形成绝缘层的涂布材料中使用水系溶剂(使用水或主要含有水的混合溶剂作为粘合剂的分散介质的溶液)时,可以使用在水系溶剂中可分散或可溶的聚合物作为所述粘合剂。作为在水系溶剂中可分散或可溶的聚合物,可以例示例如丙烯酸系树脂。作为丙烯酸系树脂,优选地使用通过聚合一种单体例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙基己基酯或丙烯酸丁酯而获得的均聚物。此外,所述丙烯酸系树脂可以是通过聚合两种以上上述单体而获得的共聚物。此外,它可以是两种以上上述均聚物和共聚物的混合物。除了上面提到的丙烯酸系树脂以外,还可以使用聚烯烃树脂例如苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶(SBR)和聚乙烯(PE)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)等。其中,具有高耐氧化性的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)在本实施方式中是优选的。这些聚合物可以单独或两种以上组合使用。对所述粘合剂的形式没有特别限制,并且呈粒子(粉末)形式的粘合剂可以原样使用,或者可以将它们制备成溶液状态或乳液状态使用。两种以上所述粘合剂可以分别以不同形式使用。
如有必要,所述绝缘层可以含有上面提到的绝缘填料和粘合剂以外的其他材料。这样的材料的实例包括能够充当增稠剂用于下文描述的用于形成绝缘层的涂布材料的各种不同聚合材料。特别地,当使用水系溶剂时,优选地含有上面提到的能够充当增稠剂的聚合物。作为所述充当增稠剂的聚合物,优选地使用羧甲基纤维素(CMC)或甲基纤维素(MC)。
所述绝缘层中所述绝缘填料的比率优选为80重量%以上,更优选为90重量%以上。所述绝缘层中所述绝缘填料的比率优选为99重量%以下,更优选为97重量%以下。此外,所述绝缘层中所述粘合剂的比率优选为0.1重量%以上,更优选为1重量%以上。所述绝缘层中所述粘合剂的比率优选为20重量%以下,更优选为10重量%以下。如果所述粘合剂的比率过低,则所述绝缘层本身的强度(形状保持性)降低,并且可能发生诸如破裂和剥落的问题。如果所述粘合剂的比率过高,所述绝缘层中的粒子之间的间隙可能变得不足,并且在一些情况下所述绝缘层的离子透过性可能降低。通过将所述绝缘填料和粘合剂的比率设定在上述范围内,能够获得适合的孔隙率。
在含有无机填料和粘合剂以外的用于形成绝缘层的成分例如增稠剂的情况下,所述增稠剂的含量比率优选为约10重量%以下,优选为约5重量%以下,优选为约2重量%以下(例如大约0.5重量%至1重量%)。
为了维持离子传导性,所述绝缘层的孔隙率(空隙率)(孔隙体积对表观体积之比)优选为20%以上,更优选为30%以上。然而,当所述孔隙率过高时,由于对所述绝缘层的摩擦或冲击而发生脱落或破裂,因此它优选为80%以下,更优选为70%以下。
孔隙率可以通过从每单位面积绝缘层的重量、构成绝缘层的材料的比率和真比重以及涂布厚度计算理论密度和表观密度来确定。
接下来将描述形成所述绝缘层的方法。作为用于形成所述绝缘层的材料,使用其中混合并分散有所述绝缘填料、粘合剂和溶剂的糊状材料(包括浆料或墨状态的材料)。该形成绝缘层的糊状材料也被称为用于形成绝缘层的涂布材料。
作为在所述用于形成绝缘层的涂布材料中使用的溶剂,可例示水和主要含有水的混合溶剂。作为构成这样的混合溶剂的水以外的溶剂,可以适合地选择并使用一种或两种以上能够与水均匀混合的有机溶剂(低级醇、低级酮等)。或者,它可以是有机溶剂例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、吡咯烷酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮、甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或其两者以上的组合。所述用于形成绝缘层的涂布材料中溶剂的含量没有特别限制,但是优选为涂布材料整体的约30至90重量%,特别是约50至70重量%。
将所述绝缘填料和粘合剂在所述溶剂中混合的操作可以使用适合的捏合机例如球磨、均质分散器(homodisper)、Dispermill(注册商标)、Clearmix(注册商标)、Filmix(注册商标)、超声分散机来进行。
施涂所述用于形成绝缘层的涂布材料的操作可以通过常规的通用涂布手段来进行。例如,可以使用适合的涂布装置(例如凹版涂布机、狭缝涂布机、模头涂布机、逗号涂布机、浸涂机)来施涂适量的所述用于形成绝缘层的涂布材料,以形成具有均匀厚度的涂层。
随后,通过适合的干燥手段(通常在低于隔膜的熔点的温度,例如140℃以下,例如30至110℃)将所述涂层干燥,并且可以除去所述用于形成绝缘层的涂布材料中的溶剂。
本实施方式的正极可以通过如下制造:制备包含所述正极活性材料、粘合剂和溶剂的浆料,将其施涂至所述正极集电器上以形成正极混合物层,并且在所述正极混合物层上进一步施涂所述用于形成绝缘层的涂布材料,以形成所述绝缘层。
<负极>
所述负极包含集电器和设置在所述集电器上并包含负极活性材料和粘合剂的负极混合物层。
所述负极活性材料没有特别限制,只要它是能够在充电/放电时可逆地嵌入和脱嵌锂离子的材料即可。具体来说,可例示金属、金属氧化物、碳等。
所述金属的实例包括Li、Al、Si、Pb、Sn、In、Bi、Ag、Ba、Ca、Hg、Pd、Pt、Te、Zn、La、它们中的两者以上的合金等。或者,可以将这些金属和合金中的两者以上混合并使用。这些金属和合金可以包含一种以上非金属元素。
所述金属氧化物的实例包括硅氧化物、氧化铝、锡氧化物、铟氧化物、氧化锌、锂氧化物和它们的复合物。在本实施方式中,作为所述金属氧化物负极活性材料,优选地含有锡氧化物或硅氧化物,更优选地含有硅氧化物。这是因为硅氧化物相对稳定并且不太可能引发与其他化合物的反应。作为硅氧化物,由组成式SiOx(0<x≤2)表示的硅氧化物是优选的。此外,可以向所述金属氧化物添加例如0.1至5重量%的选自氮、硼和硫的一种或两种以上元素。通过这种方式,能够提高所述金属氧化物的导电性。
所述碳的实例包括石墨、无定形碳、石墨烯、金刚石样碳、碳纳米管及其复合物。此处,高度结晶的石墨具有高导电性,并具有优异的对由金属例如铜构成的负极集电器的粘附性和电压平坦性。另一方面,低结晶度无定形碳显示出相对小的体积膨胀,因此在减少整个负极的体积膨胀中高度有效,并且不太可能经历由不均匀性例如晶粒边界和缺陷引起的劣化。
所述负极粘合剂没有特别限制,并且可以使用聚偏二氟乙烯(PVdF)、偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、偏二氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺等。此外,所述负极粘合剂包括多种上述树脂的混合物或共聚物及其交联体例如苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶(SBR)。当使用水性粘合剂例如SBR乳液时,也可以使用增稠剂例如羧甲基纤维素(CMC)。
从彼此处于权衡关系的足够的粘合强度和高能量密度的观点来看,待使用的粘合剂的量优选为基于100重量份的所述活性材料计0.5至20重量份。
从改善导电性的观点来看,所述负极可以包含导电助剂例如石墨、炭黑、乙炔黑等的碳质细粒。
作为负极集电器,从电化学稳定性的观点来看,可以使用铝、镍、不锈钢、铬、铜、银或其合金。作为其形状,可例示箔、平板、网等。
本实施方式的负极可以例如通过如下制造:制备包含所述负极活性材料、导电助剂、粘合剂和溶剂的浆料,并将其施涂至所述负极集电器上,以形成所述负极混合物层。
<电解液>
所述电解液包含非水溶剂和支持盐。所述非水溶剂的实例包括但不特别限于非质子有机溶剂,例如环状碳酸酯如碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚乙酯(EC)和碳酸亚丁酯(BC);开链碳酸酯例如碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸甲乙酯(MEC)和碳酸二丙酯(DPC);碳酸亚丙酯衍生物;脂族羧酸酯例如甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯和丙酸乙酯;醚类例如二乙醚和乙基丙基醚;磷酸酯例如磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三丙酯、磷酸三辛酯和磷酸三苯酯;以及可以通过用氟原子取代这些化合物的至少一部分氢原子而获得的氟代非质子有机溶剂等。
其中,优选地包含环状或开链碳酸酯例如碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚丁酯(BC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸甲乙酯(MEC)或碳酸二丙酯(DPC)。
所述非水溶剂可以单独地或两种以上组合使用。
所述支持盐没有特别限制,只要它包含Li即可。所述支持盐的实例包括LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiAlCl4、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、LiC(CF3SO2)3、LiN(FSO2)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、LiB10Cl10。此外,所述支持盐包括低级脂族羧酸锂、氯硼烷锂、四苯基硼酸锂、LiBr、LiI、LiSCN、LiCl等。所述支持盐可以单独地或两种以上组合使用。
在所述电解液中所述支持盐的浓度优选为0.5至1.5摩尔/L。当所述支持盐的浓度在这个范围内时,密度、粘度和导电性的调节变得容易。
所述电解液还可以含有添加剂。所述添加剂没有特别限制,其实例包括卤代环状碳酸酯、不饱和环状碳酸酯、环状或开链二磺酸酯等。这些化合物能够改善电池特性例如循环特性。推测这是因为这些添加剂在锂离子二次电池的充电/放电期间分解,在电极活性材料的表面上形成膜,以抑制电解液和支持盐的分解。
<锂离子二次电池的结构>
根据本实施方式的锂离子二次电池例如具有图1和2中所示的结构。该锂离子二次电池包含电池元件20、包容电池元件20和电解质的膜外包装体10、以及正极极耳51和负极极耳52(在后文中它们也被简称为“电极极耳”)。
在电池元件20中,多个正极30和多个负极40隔着夹在其间的隔膜25交替堆叠,如图2中所示。在正极30中,电极材料32被施涂至金属箔31的两个表面,并且在负极40中,电极材料42也以相同的方式被施涂至金属箔41的两个表面。本实施方式不必定限于堆叠型电池,也可适用于例如卷绕型的电池。
如图1和2中所示,所述锂离子二次电池可以具有其中电极极耳引出至所述外包装体的一侧的布置,但所述电极极耳也可以引出至所述外包装体的两侧。尽管详细图示被省略,但所述正极和负极的金属箔在外周的一部分中各自具有延长部。所述负极金属箔的延长部汇集在一起并连接到负极极耳52,并且所述正极金属箔的延长部汇集在一起并连接到正极极耳51(参见图2)。所述延长部以这种方式在堆叠方向上汇集在一起的部分也被称为“集电部”等。
在这个实例中,膜外包装体10由两个膜10-1和10-2构成。膜10-1和10-2在电池元件20的周边部中彼此热密封并气密密封。在图1中,正极极耳51和负极极耳52在相同方向上从以这种方式气密密封的膜外包装体10的一个短边引出。
当然,所述电极极耳可以分别从不同的两边引出。此外,关于所述膜的布置,在图1和图2中示出了其中在一个膜10-1中形成杯部并且在另一个膜10-2中不形成杯部的实例,但除此之外,也可以采纳其中在两个膜中形成杯部的布置(未图示)、其中在任一膜中都不形成杯部的布置(未图示)等。
<制造锂离子二次电池的方法>
根据本实施方式的锂离子二次电池可以通过常规方法制造。将以堆叠层压型锂离子二次电池为例来描述制造锂离子二次电池的方法的实例。首先,在干燥空气或惰性气氛中,将正极和负极隔着隔膜彼此相对放置,以形成电极元件。接下来,将该电极元件收容在外包装体(容器)中,注入电解液,将所述电极用所述电解液浸渍。随后,将所述外包装体的开口密封,以完成所述锂离子二次电池。
<电池组>
可以将多个根据本实施方式的锂离子二次电池组合以形成电池组。所述电池组可以通过将两个以上根据本实施方式的锂离子二次电池串联或并联或以二者的组合连接来构造。串联和/或并联连接使得可以自由调节容量和电压。所述电池组中包含的锂离子二次电池的数目可以根据电池容量和输出而适合地设置。
<车辆>
根据本实施方式的二次电池或电池组可用于车辆中。根据本实施方式的车辆包括混合动力车辆、燃料电池车辆、电动车辆(除四轮车辆(轿车、商用车辆如公共汽车和卡车、轻型汽车等)之外,还有两轮车辆(自行车)和三轮车)等。根据本实施方式的车辆不限于汽车,它可以是其他车辆、例如电气列车等移动体的各种电源。
实施例
<实施例1>
将描述本实施例的电池的制备。
(正极)
将作为正极活性材料的锂镍复合氧化物(LiNi0.80Mn0.15Co0.05O2)、作为导电助剂的炭黑和作为粘合剂的聚偏二氟乙烯以90:5:5的重量比称重,并用N-甲基吡咯烷酮捏合,以获得正极浆料。将所制备的正极浆料施涂至作为集电器的20μm厚的铝箔,干燥并进一步压制,由此完成正极。
(绝缘层浆料的制备)
接下来,将氧化铝(平均粒径1.0μm)和作为粘合剂的聚偏二氟乙烯(PVdF)以90:10的重量比称重,并用N-甲基吡咯烷酮捏合,以获得绝缘层浆料。
(正极上的绝缘层涂布)
将所制备的绝缘层浆料用模头涂布机施涂至正极上,干燥并进一步压制,以获得涂布有绝缘层的正极。当通过电子显微镜观察截面时,所述绝缘层的平均厚度为5μm。表1示出了从绝缘层的平均厚度、构成绝缘层的各材料的真密度和组成比计算的绝缘层的孔隙率。
(负极)
将作为碳材料的人造石墨粒子(平均粒径8μm)、作为导电助剂的炭黑和作为粘合剂的苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物橡胶与羧甲基纤维素的1:1重量比混合物以97:1:2的重量比称重,并用蒸馏水捏合,以获得负极浆料。将所制备的负极浆料施涂至作为集电器的15μm厚的铜箔,干燥并进一步压制,由此完成负极。
(二次电池的组装)
将所制备的正极和负极隔着隔膜堆叠,以获得电极堆叠件。对于隔膜来说,使用单层PET无纺布。该PET无纺布具有15μm的厚度和55%的孔隙率。在这里,对层的数目进行调节,使得所述电极堆叠件的初始放电容量为100mAh。然而将各正极和负极的集电部分合在一起,并将铝端子和镍端子焊接至它们,以制造电极元件。将所述电极元件用层压膜包装,并将电解液注入至所述层压膜内部。
随后,将所述层压膜热密封,并在降低所述层压膜内部的压力的同时进行密封。由此,制造了多个在初始充电之前的平板型二次电池。对于所述层压膜来说,使用其上气相沉积有铝的聚丙烯膜。对于电解液来说,使用包含作为电解质的1.0摩尔/L LiPF6和作为非水溶剂的碳酸亚乙酯和碳酸二乙酯的混合溶剂(7:3(体积比))的溶液。
(二次电池的评价)
(倍率特性)
将所制造的二次电池充电至4.2V然后以1C(=100mA)放电至2.5V,以测量1C放电容量。接下来,将所述二次电池再次充电至4.2V然后以0.2C(=20mA)放电至2.5V,以测量0.2C放电容量。从这些值计算倍率特性(=0.2C放电容量/1C放电容量)。结果示出在表1中。
(高温试验)
将所制造的二次电池充电至4.2V,然后在160℃的恒温浴中留置30分钟。所述电池不破裂或冒烟。这种情况被评为○(良好),并且其中电池冒烟或着火的情况被评为×(不良)。结果示出在表2中。
(由过充电造成的隔膜劣化)
将所制造的二次电池以1C充电至5V,留置4周,然后拆开。在隔膜的正极侧上,没有发现指示氧化劣化迹象的异常情况例如变色。该情况被评为○(良好),并且其中观察到异常情况例如变色的情况被评为×(不良)。结果示出在表2和3中。
<实施例2>
绝缘涂布的正极和二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于在绝缘层中使用的材料的比例被设定为以重量比计氧化铝:PVdF=95:5。表1示出了绝缘层的孔隙率和制造的电池的倍率特性的结果。
<实施例3>
绝缘涂布的正极和二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于在绝缘层中使用的材料的比例被设定为以重量比计氧化铝:PVdF=93:7。表1示出了绝缘层的孔隙率和制造的电池的倍率特性的结果。
<实施例4>
绝缘涂布的正极和二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于在绝缘层中使用的材料的比例被设定为以重量比计氧化铝:PVdF=85:15。表1示出了绝缘层的孔隙率和制造的电池的倍率特性的结果。
<实施例5>
绝缘涂布的正极和二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于在绝缘层中使用的材料的比例被设定为以重量比计氧化铝:PVdF=80:20。表1示出了绝缘层的孔隙率和制造的电池的倍率特性的结果。
<参考例1>
绝缘涂布的正极和二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于在绝缘层中使用的材料的比例被设定为以重量比计氧化铝:PVdF=75:25。表1示出了绝缘层的孔隙率和制造的电池的倍率特性的结果。
<参考例2>
绝缘涂布的正极和二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于在绝缘层中使用的材料的比例被设定为以重量比计氧化铝:PVdF=70:30。表1示出了绝缘层的孔隙率和制造的电池的倍率特性的结果。
<表1>
如可以通过表1的结果看到的,绝缘层的孔隙率和电池的倍率特性随着绝缘层中氧化铝与粘合剂PVdF的组成比而变。如在实施例1至5中所示,当PVdF的浓度在20%以下的范围内时,发现绝缘层的孔隙率在约50%的良好范围内并且对倍率特性几乎没有影响。其中,在10%PVdF的情况下,孔隙率最高,并且倍率特性也良好。另一方面,如在参考例1和2中所示,当PVdF的浓度超过20%时,发现孔隙率显著降低,并且作为结果,倍率特性降低。推测这是因为PVdF填充了孔。因此,下面的实验使用固定在10%的PVdF浓度进行。
<实施例6>
二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于在绝缘层中使用的材料从氧化铝改变成二氧化硅,并进行评价。表2示出了结果。
<实施例7>
(涂布在负极上的绝缘层)
将所制备的绝缘层浆料使用模头涂布机施涂至以与实施例1中相同的程序制造的负极上,干燥并进一步压制,以获得涂布有绝缘层的负极。当通过电子显微镜观察截面时,所述绝缘层的平均厚度为7μm。
(二次电池的组装)
二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于使用所制造的绝缘涂布的负极,并且进行高温试验和过充电试验。表2示出了结果。
<比较例1>
二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于隔膜从PET改变成聚丙烯(PP),并且进行评价。表2示出了结果。
<比较例2>
二次电池以与实施例7中相同的方式制造,区别在于使用未涂布有绝缘层的正极,并且进行评价。所述正极不具有绝缘层,并且所述负极具有绝缘层。表2示出了结果。
<比较例3>
二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于使用未涂布有绝缘层的正极,并且进行评价。所述正极和负极均不具有绝缘层。表2和3示出了结果。
<比较例4>
二次电池以与比较例3中相同的方式制造,区别在于隔膜从PET改变成PP,并且进行评价。表2示出了结果。
<表2>
如可以通过表2看到的,在实施例1、6和7中,在高温试验和过充电试验两者中都获得了良好结果。相比之下,如在比较例2和3中,当在隔膜中使用PET并且正极不用绝缘层涂布时,在过充电试验中观察到指示隔膜劣化的变色。推测这是因为耐碱性和耐氧化性低的PET与具有高碱浓度的高电位正极接触。此外,如在比较例1和4中,当在隔膜中使用耐碱性和耐氧化性高的PP时,没有观察到上述由过充电造成的变色,但在高温试验中观察到冒烟或着火。推测这是因为PP具有低耐热性,所述隔膜在高温试验期间收缩,并且正极和负极发生接触。根据这些结果,认为用绝缘层涂布正极并在隔膜中使用PET得到良好的结果。
<实施例8>
二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于正极活性材料从LiNi0.80Mn0.15Co0.05O2变为LiNi0.60Mn0.20Co0.20O2,并且进行过充电评价。表3示出了结果。
<参考例3>
二次电池以与实施例1中相同的方式制造,区别在于正极活性材料从LiNi0.80Mn0.15Co0.05O2变为LiNi0.50Mn0.30Co0.20O2,并且进行过充电评价。表3示出了结果。
<比较例5>
二次电池以与比较例3中相同的方式制造,区别在于正极活性材料从LiNi0.80Mn0.15Co0.05O2变为LiNi0.60Mn0.20Co0.20O2,并且进行过充电评价。表3示出了结果。
<参考例4>
二次电池以与比较例3中相同的方式制造,区别在于正极活性材料从LiNi0.80Mn0.15Co0.05O2变为LiNi0.50Mn0.30Co0.20O2,并且进行过充电评价。表3示出了结果。
<表3>
*在锂以外的金属中Ni的摩尔比(%)
如可以通过表3看到的,如在参考例3和4中,当正极活性材料中锂以外的金属中的Ni比率为50摩尔%以下时,不论在正极上是否存在绝缘层在过充电试验中都没有观察到PET隔膜的劣化例如变色。推测这是因为正极中包含的碱成分的量小。然而,这些材料与具有高Ni比率的材料相比具有低的能量密度,并且在提高电池的能量密度方面不利。另一方面,当如比较例3和5中使用Ni比率为60摩尔%以上的活性材料时,在过充电试验中观察到PET隔膜的变色。相比之下,当如实施例1和8中绝缘层被涂布在正极上时,即使使用了Ni比率为60摩尔%以上的活性材料,也没有观察到隔膜的变色。根据这些结果,认为当使用预期能够提高电池的能量密度的Ni比率为60摩尔%以上的正极活性材料时,用绝缘层涂布正极并在隔膜中使用PET得到良好的特性。
本申请要求基于2017年1月26日提交的日本专利申请号2017-011946的优先权,所述申请的全部公开内容通过参考并入本文。
尽管本发明已参考其示例性实施方式特别地示出并描述,但本发明不限于这些实施方式。本领域普通技术人员将会理解,在其中可以做出各种不同的形式和细节上的改变,而不背离由权利要求书所定义的本发明的主旨和范围。
工业实用性
根据本实施方式的电极和使用所述电极的电池可用于例如所有需要电源的工业领域和涉及电能的输送、储存和供给的工业领域。具体地说,它可以用于例如移动设备如手机和笔记本个人电脑的电源;包括电动车辆、混合动力车辆、电动摩托车和电动辅助自行车的电力驱动车辆以及诸如火车、卫星和潜艇的移动/运输介质的电源;UPS的备用电源;以及用于储存由光伏发电、风力发电等产生的电力的电力储存设施。
符号说明
10 膜外包装体
20 电池元件
25 隔膜
30 正极
40 负极
Claims (9)
1.一种锂离子二次电池,包含含有正极混合物层和绝缘层的正极以及包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的隔膜,其中所述正极混合物层包含基于锂以外的金属计镍比率为60摩尔%以上的层状锂镍复合氧化物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池,其中所述锂镍复合氧化物由下式表示
LiyNi(1-x)MxO2
其中0≤x≤0.4,0<y≤1.2,并且M是选自由Co、Al、Mn、Fe、Ti和B组成的组中的至少一种元素。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的锂离子二次电池,其中所述绝缘层包含绝缘填料和粘合剂,其中所述绝缘层中所述绝缘填料的比率为80重量%以上,并且所述绝缘层中所述粘合剂的比率为20重量%以下。
4.根据权利要求3所述的锂离子二次电池,其中所述粘合剂是含有氟或氯的聚烯烃。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的锂离子二次电池,其中所述绝缘层的孔隙率为20%以上。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的锂离子二次电池,其中所述隔膜是单层聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯隔膜。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的锂离子二次电池,其中所述正极混合物层包含碱成分。
8.一种车辆,装备有根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的锂离子二次电池。
9.一种制造锂离子二次电池的方法,所述方法包括下述步骤:
通过隔着隔膜堆叠正极和负极来制造电极元件,和
将所述电极元件和电解液封装入外包装体中,
其中所述正极包含正极混合物层和绝缘层,其中所述正极混合物层包含基于锂以外的金属计镍比率为60摩尔%以上的层状锂镍复合氧化物,并且所述隔膜包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017-011946 | 2017-01-26 | ||
JP2017011946 | 2017-01-26 | ||
PCT/JP2018/002244 WO2018139524A1 (ja) | 2017-01-26 | 2018-01-25 | 二次電池 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN110249471A true CN110249471A (zh) | 2019-09-17 |
Family
ID=62979305
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201880008248.9A Pending CN110249471A (zh) | 2017-01-26 | 2018-01-25 | 二次电池 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190393465A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP7103234B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN110249471A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018139524A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020050285A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-03-12 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池、その製造方法、及びリチウムイオン二次電池用電極 |
JP7434203B2 (ja) * | 2021-03-22 | 2024-02-20 | 株式会社東芝 | 二次電池、電池パック及び車両 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102341939A (zh) * | 2009-03-03 | 2012-02-01 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 含有具有高能量密度的正极材料和有机/无机复合多孔隔膜的锂二次电池 |
WO2013094465A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
CN103311550A (zh) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-18 | 株式会社日立制作所 | 非水电解质二次电池用电极、非水电解质二次电池及其制造方法 |
WO2014049949A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-03 | 三洋電機株式会社 | セパレータ一体形電極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
CN105144458A (zh) * | 2013-04-26 | 2015-12-09 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 非水电解质二次电池 |
JP2016225185A (ja) * | 2015-06-01 | 2016-12-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極およびこれを用いた非水電解質二次電池 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5082227B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-22 | 2012-11-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 電池構造体 |
JP2008282558A (ja) * | 2007-05-08 | 2008-11-20 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
JP2009004289A (ja) * | 2007-06-25 | 2009-01-08 | Panasonic Corp | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2010021113A (ja) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-01-28 | Panasonic Corp | リチウムイオン二次電池の製造法 |
WO2013084840A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-13 | 株式会社カネカ | 非水電解質二次電池及びそれを用いた組電池 |
-
2018
- 2018-01-25 WO PCT/JP2018/002244 patent/WO2018139524A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2018-01-25 JP JP2018564619A patent/JP7103234B2/ja active Active
- 2018-01-25 CN CN201880008248.9A patent/CN110249471A/zh active Pending
- 2018-01-25 US US16/480,955 patent/US20190393465A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102341939A (zh) * | 2009-03-03 | 2012-02-01 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 含有具有高能量密度的正极材料和有机/无机复合多孔隔膜的锂二次电池 |
WO2013094465A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
CN103311550A (zh) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-18 | 株式会社日立制作所 | 非水电解质二次电池用电极、非水电解质二次电池及其制造方法 |
WO2014049949A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-03 | 三洋電機株式会社 | セパレータ一体形電極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
CN105144458A (zh) * | 2013-04-26 | 2015-12-09 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 非水电解质二次电池 |
JP2016225185A (ja) * | 2015-06-01 | 2016-12-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極およびこれを用いた非水電解質二次電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2018139524A1 (ja) | 2018-08-02 |
JP7103234B2 (ja) | 2022-07-20 |
US20190393465A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
JPWO2018139524A1 (ja) | 2019-11-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11901504B2 (en) | Rechargeable battery cell having an SO2-based electrolyte | |
KR102502618B1 (ko) | 이차 전지, 이차 전지를 포함하는 전지 모듈, 전지 팩 및 장치 | |
CN105703006B (zh) | 电解质和负极结构 | |
US10186700B2 (en) | Heat-resistant microporous film and battery separator | |
CN101897072B (zh) | 非水电解质二次电池及其制造方法 | |
JP5699576B2 (ja) | 積層型微多孔膜、電池用セパレータおよび非水電解質電池 | |
KR101897391B1 (ko) | 적층체, 이차 전지, 전지 팩 및 차량 | |
CN110574191B (zh) | 形成锂金属和无机材料复合薄膜的方法、以及使用该方法对锂二次电池的负极预锂化的方法 | |
CN108292779A (zh) | 锂离子二次电池 | |
CA2792747C (en) | Lithium secondary battery using ionic liquid | |
CN110581303B (zh) | 固态电化学组件、固态电化学装置及其制备方法 | |
US20160276652A1 (en) | Electrode, nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and battery pack | |
US11557758B2 (en) | Solvent-free dry powder process to incorporate ceramic particles into electrochemical cell components | |
JP2015181110A (ja) | 耐熱性微多孔膜、リチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータ及びリチウムイオン二次電池 | |
US9190647B2 (en) | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery with high temperature and storage characteristics | |
CN107431234A (zh) | 高安全性且高能量密度的电池 | |
CN109155426A (zh) | 锂离子二次电池 | |
TWI635640B (zh) | 鋰二次電池及鋰二次電池用電解液 | |
CN109314206A (zh) | 二次电池 | |
TWI705594B (zh) | 用於啟動電力設備的電池模組 | |
CN107851765A (zh) | 锂离子二次电池 | |
US20220037642A1 (en) | Formulation and fabrication of thick cathodes | |
CN110249471A (zh) | 二次电池 | |
JP6981468B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池 | |
JP2010010093A (ja) | 二次電池用電極群の製造方法および二次電池の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20190917 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |