JPWO2012070529A1 - 半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物及び半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物及び半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2012070529A1 JPWO2012070529A1 JP2012545740A JP2012545740A JPWO2012070529A1 JP WO2012070529 A1 JPWO2012070529 A1 JP WO2012070529A1 JP 2012545740 A JP2012545740 A JP 2012545740A JP 2012545740 A JP2012545740 A JP 2012545740A JP WO2012070529 A1 JPWO2012070529 A1 JP WO2012070529A1
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2010年11月24日に日本に出願された特願2010−260913号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
一方、半導体装置に対するコストダウンの要求も激しく、従来の金線接合ではコストが高いため、近年、金線に代わる安価なボンディングワイヤとして、銅ワイヤが提案されている。
本発明者の知見によれば、耐湿信頼性が低い半導体装置では、半導体素子上の電極パッドと銅ワイヤとの接合部における腐食によって、接合部の電気抵抗の上昇又は接合部の断線が発生していた。したがって、このような接合部の電気抵抗の上昇又は接合部の断線を防止できれば、半導体装置の耐湿信頼性を向上できることが期待された。
ダイパッド部を有するリードフレーム又は回路基板上に搭載された半導体素子と、
前記リードフレーム又は回路基板に設けられた電気的接合部と前記半導体素子に設けられた電極パッドとを電気的に接合する金属ワイヤと、
を封止して半導体装置を製造するのに用いられる半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物であって、前記半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物は、エポキシ樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)、無機充填材(C)を含有し、
前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフの面積法による測定における主ピークの面積が全ピークの合計面積に対して90%以上であることを特徴とする半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物、
が提供される。
前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフの面積法による測定における主ピークの面積が全ピークの合計面積に対して92%以上である前記[1]項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物、
が提供される。
前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が、含有される全塩素量が300ppm以下であり、加水分解性塩素量が150ppm以下である前記[1]項または[2]項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物、
が提供される。
前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が、含有される全塩素量が200ppm以下であり、加水分解性塩素量が100ppm以下である前記[1]項または[2]項のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物、
が提供される。
前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が下記一般式(1)で表されるエポキシ樹脂を含むものである、前記[1]項ないし[4]項のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物、
が提供される。
前記エポキシ樹脂(A)の配合割合が、前記半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物全体に対して3質量%以上20質量%以下である、前記[1]項ないし[5]項のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物、
が提供される。
前記金属ワイヤが、銅ワイヤである、前記[1]項ないし[6]項のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物、
が提供される。
前記銅ワイヤの銅に対して0.1質量%以下のドーパントが添加されており、前記銅ワイヤの銅純度が99.9質量%以上である前記[7]項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物、
が提供される。
ダイパッド部を有するリードフレーム又は回路基板上に搭載された半導体素子と、
前記リードフレーム又は回路基板に設けられた電気的接合部と前記半導体素子に設けられた電極パッドとを電気的に接合する金属ワイヤと、
が、前記[1]項ないし[8]項のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物により封止されていることを特徴とする半導体装置、
が提供される。
前記金属ワイヤが、銅ワイヤである、前記[9]項に記載の半導体装置、
が提供される。
ダイパッド部を有するリードフレーム又は回路基板上に搭載された半導体素子と、
前記リードフレーム又は回路基板に設けられた電気的接合部と前記半導体素子に設けられた電極パッドとを電気的に接合する金属ワイヤと、
を封止して半導体装置を製造するのに用いられる半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物であって、前記半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物は、エポキシ樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)、無機充填材(C)を含有し、
前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフの面積法による測定における主ピークの面積が全ピークの合計面積に対して90%以上であることを特徴とする。
エポキシ樹脂(A)は、1分子内にエポキシ基を2個以上有するモノマー、オリゴマー、ポリマー全般であり、その分子量、分子構造は特に限定されない。エポキシ樹脂(A)としては、例えば、ビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、テトラメチルビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂などのビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂、スチルベン型エポキシ樹脂;フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂等のノボラック型エポキシ樹脂;トリフェノールメタン型エポキシ樹脂、アルキル変性トリフェノールメタン型エポキシ樹脂等の多官能エポキシ樹脂;フェニレン骨格を有するフェノールアラルキル型エポキシ樹脂、フェニレン骨格を有するナフトールアラルキル型エポキシ樹脂、ビフェニレン骨格を有するフェノールアラルキル型エポキシ樹脂等のアラルキル型エポキシ樹脂;ジヒドロアントラセンジオール型エポキシ樹脂;ジヒドロキシナフタレンの2量体をグリシジルエーテル化して得られるエポキシ樹脂等のナフトール型エポキシ樹脂;トリグリシジルイソシアヌレート、モノアリルジグリシジルイソシアヌレート等のトリアジン核含有エポキシ樹脂;ジシクロペンタジエン変性フェノール型エポキシ樹脂等の有橋環状炭化水素化合物変性フェノール型エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられ、これらは1種類を単独で用いても2種類以上を併用してもよい。
これらの中でも、ビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、テトラメチルビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、スチルベン型エポキシ樹脂など、合成法の選択や精製によって高い結晶性を発現する性質を有するエポキシ樹脂がより好ましい。
ここで、エポキシ樹脂(A)のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフの面積法による測定における主ピークとは、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフの各ピーク中で、最大面積を有するピークのことであり、エポキシ樹脂の純度の指標とすることができるものである。
そして、上記主ピークの面積が全ピークの合計面積に対して上記範囲内であるエポキシ樹脂(A)は塩素を含有する副生成物が少ないことから、腐食性不純物の少ないエポキシ樹脂組成物を得ることができる。
反応終了後、過剰のエピクロルヒドリンを留去し、残留物をトルエン、メチルイソブチルケトン等の溶剤に溶解し、濾過し、水洗して無機塩を除去し、次いで溶剤を留去することにより、エポキシ樹脂を得ることができる。
また、公知の方法で合成、または市販されるエポキシ樹脂にカラムクロマトグラフィー分別、分子蒸留、再結晶などの公知の精製手法を適宜組み合わせることによって、本発明で規定する特定のエポキシ樹脂を調製してもよい。
あるいは、このように調製された市販品のエポキシ樹脂を用いることもできる。市販品としては例えば、三菱化学(株)製「YX4000UH」、三菱化学(株)製「YL7684」などを挙げることができる。
GPC装置は、ポンプ、インジェクター、ガードカラム、カラムおよび検出器から構成され、溶媒にはテトラヒドロフラン(THF)を用いる。ポンプの流速は0.5ml/分として測定を行う。これよりも高い流速では目的の分子量の検出精度が低くなるため好ましくない。前記の流速で精度よく測定を行うためには流量精度の良いポンプを使用することが必要であり、流量精度は0.10%以下が好ましい。ガードカラムには市販のガードカラム(例えば、東ソー(株)製TSK GUARDCOLUMN HHR−L:径6.0mm、管長40mm)、カラムには市販のポリスチレンジェルカラム(東ソー(株)製TSK−GEL GMHHR−L:径7.8mm、管長30mm)を複数本直列接続させる。検出器には示差屈折率計(RI検出器。例えば、WATERS社製示差屈折率(RI)検出器W2414)を用いる。測定に先立ち、ガードカラム、カラムおよび検出器内部は40℃に安定させておく。試料には、濃度3〜4mg/mlに調整したエポキシ樹脂(A)のTHF溶液を用意し、これを約50〜150μlインジェクターにより注入して測定を行う。
さらに好ましくは、全塩素量が200ppm以下であり、加水分解性塩素量が100ppm以下である。
特に好ましくは、全塩素量が50ppm以下であり、加水分解性塩素量が30ppm以下である。
このようなエポキシ樹脂(A)を用いることにより、耐湿信頼性の高い半導体装置を得ることができる。
塩素イオンは金属の腐食性を有し、半導体素子の電極パッドなどアルミ配線部分を腐食する。半導体素子の電気接合に金属ワイヤとして銅ワイヤを使用した場合、接合部分にアルミニウムと銅の合金が生成する。この合金はガルバニック対となるため、塩素による腐食を特に受けやすく、さらには耐湿信頼性が低下する。半導体装置の耐湿信頼性向上には半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物中の塩素量低減が必要である。
一般式(1)で表されるエポキシ樹脂は結晶性エポキシ樹脂であることから、再結晶による精製を行うことにより、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフの面積法による測定で主ピークの面積が全ピークの合計面積に対して90%以上であるエポキシ樹脂を比較的容易に得ることができる。
特に、一般式(1)で表されるエポキシ樹脂を半導体封止用として用いるために、nは0〜3が望ましく、0〜2がより望ましく、0が最も望ましい。
フェノール樹脂系硬化剤は、一分子内にフェノール性水酸基を2個以上有するモノマー、オリゴマー、ポリマー全般であり、その分子量、分子構造は特に限定されない。例えば、フェノールノボラック樹脂、クレゾールノボラック樹脂、ビスフェノールノボラック等のノボラック型樹脂;トリフェノールメタン型フェノール樹脂等の多官能型フェノール樹脂;テルペン変性フェノール樹脂、ジシクロペンタジエン変性フェノール樹脂等の変性フェノール樹脂;フェニレン骨格及び/又はビフェニレン骨格を有するフェノールアラルキル樹脂、フェニレン及び/又はビフェニレン骨格を有するナフトールアラルキル樹脂等のアラルキル型樹脂;ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF等のビスフェノール化合物等が挙げられ、これらは1種類を単独で用いても2種類以上を併用してもよい。
硬化促進剤の具体例としては、有機ホスフィン、テトラ置換ホスホニウム化合物、ホスホベタイン化合物、ホスフィン化合物とキノン化合物との付加物、ホスホニウム化合物とシラン化合物との付加物等のリン原子含有化合物;1,8−ジアザビシクロ(5,4,0)ウンデセン−7、ベンジルジメチルアミン、2−メチルイミダゾール等が例示されるアミジンや3級アミン、さらには前記アミジン、アミンの4級塩等の窒素原子含有化合物が挙げられ、これらのうちの1種または2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。これらのうち、硬化性の観点からはリン原子含有化合物が好ましく、また耐半田性と流動性の観点では、ホスホベタイン化合物、ホスフィン化合物とキノン化合物との付加物が特に好ましく、連続成形における金型の汚染が軽度である点では、テトラ置換ホスホニウム化合物、ホスホニウム化合物とシラン化合物との付加物等のリン原子含有化合物が特に好ましい。
本発明の半導体装置は、
ダイパッド部を有するリードフレーム又は回路基板上に搭載された半導体素子と、
前記リードフレーム又は回路基板に設けられた電気的接合部と前記半導体素子に設けられた電極パッドとを電気的に接合する金属ワイヤとが、上記本発明の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物により封止されていることを特徴とするものである。
これらの中でも、本発明の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物を適用する本発明の半導体装置においては、低コストである銅ワイヤを適用した場合でも、半導体素子上の電極パッドとの接合部における腐食が発生しにくく、高い信頼性を有する半導体装置とすることができるとともに、電気抵抗の低減など半導体装置の電気特性を向上させることができる。
図1に示された本発明の半導体装置は、ダイパッド部3aを有するリードフレーム3と、ダイパッド部3aに搭載された半導体素子1と、リードフレーム3と半導体素子1とを電気的に接続している金属ワイヤ4と、上記の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物からなり、半導体素子1と金属ワイヤ4とを封止している、封止樹脂5と、を有する。
これに対し、銅純度99.9質量%以上の銅ワイヤであれば、ボール部分は充分な柔軟性を有しているため、接合時に電極パッド側にダメージを与える恐れがない。
尚、本発明の半導体装置で用いることができる銅ワイヤは、芯線である銅にBa、Ca、Sr、Be、Al又は希土類金属を0.001質量%〜0.003質量%ドープすることでさらにボール形状と接合強度が改善される。
銅ワイヤにおけるパラジウムを含む金属材料から構成された被覆層の厚みとしては、0.001μm〜0.02μmであることが好ましく、0.005μm〜0.015μmであることがより好ましい。上記上限値を超えると、ワイヤボンド時に芯線である銅と被覆材のパラジウムを含む金属材料とが十分に溶けずボール形状が不安定になり、接合部分の耐湿性、高温保管特性が低下する恐れがある。また、上記下限値を下回ると、芯線の銅の酸化劣化を十分に防止できず、同様に接合部分の耐湿性、高温保管特性が低下する恐れがある。
銅ワイヤと半導体素子1のアルミニウム製電極パッド6の接合界面には銅アルミニウム合金が形成される。銅アルミニウム合金はガルバニック対を形成するため、電気化学的活性が高く腐食耐性が低い。高温高湿下では、封止樹脂5を構成する半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物から加水分解により塩素イオンが発生する。この塩素イオンにより腐食耐性が低い銅アルミニウム合金層が腐食し、接合部の電気抵抗の上昇や断線が生じる。
例えば、本発明の半導体装置をHAST処理(130℃85%RH20V)したときに、配線間の電気抵抗値の値が初期値に対して20%増加した半導体装置を不良と判定する場合において、192時間処理しても不良が発生しないことが望ましい。
通常、半導体装置は、HAST処理(130℃85%RH20V)で96時間の耐性が必要とされる。このため、HAST処理(130℃85%RH20V)で192時間にわたって不良が発生しなければ、十分な信頼性を確保することができる。
エポキシ樹脂A:ビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂(上記一般式(1)において、3位,3’位及び5位,5’位のRがメチル基、2位,2’位及び6位,6’位のRが水素原子であるエポキシ樹脂、三菱化学(株)製「YX4000H」、エポキシ当量193、全塩素量400ppm、加水分解塩素量150ppm、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフの面積法:主ピークの面積/全ピークの合計面積=83.7%)。
エポキシ樹脂B:ビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂(上記一般式(1)において、3位,3’位及び5位,5’位のRがメチル基、2位,2’位及び6位,6’位のRが水素原子であるエポキシ樹脂、三菱化学(株)製「YL7684」、エポキシ当量184、全塩素量158ppm、加水分解塩素量80ppm、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフの面積法:主ピークの面積/全ピークの合計面積=92.4%)。
エポキシ樹脂C:ビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂(上記一般式(1)において、3位,3’位及び5位,5’位のRがメチル基、2位,2’位及び6位,6’位のRが水素原子であるエポキシ樹脂、三菱化学(株)製「YX4000UH」、エポキシ当量177、全塩素量15ppm、加水分解塩素量<10ppm、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフの面積法:主ピークの面積/全ピークの合計面積=99.7%)。
硬化剤A:フェノールアラルキル樹脂、三井化学(株)製、XLC−2L、水酸基当量175、150℃の溶融粘度360mPa・s。
硬化剤B:フェノールノボラック樹脂、住友ベークライト(株)製、PR−HF−3軟化点80℃、水酸基当量104。
溶融球状シリカ(平均粒径26.5μm、105μm以上の粒子が1重量%以下、電気化学工業(株)製「FB−820」)
硬化促進剤:トリフェニルホスフィン(TPP、ケイ・アイ化成(株)製「PP360」)の1,4−ベンゾキノン付加物
カップリング剤:γ−グリシドキプロピルトリメトキシシラン
(実施例1)
エポキシ樹脂B(6.55質量部)と、硬化剤A(6.20質量部)と、充填材として溶融球状シリカ(86.00質量部)と、硬化促進剤(0.20質量部)と、カップリング剤(0.25質量部)と、着色剤としてカーボンブラック(0.30質量部)と、離型剤としてカルナバワックス(0.50質量部)とを、ミキサーを用いて15〜28℃で混合し、次いで70℃〜100℃でロール混練した。冷却後、粉砕してエポキシ樹脂組成物を得た。
表1に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物配合に従い、実施例1と同様にして半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物を得た。表1に示された配合は全て質量部である。
アルミニウム製電極パッドを備えるTEG(TEST ELEMENT GROUP)チップ(3.5mm×3.5mm)を352ピンBGA(基板は厚さ0.56mm、ビスマレイミド・トリアジン樹脂/ガラスクロス基板、パッケージサイズは30mm×30mm、厚さ1.17mm)のダイパッド部に接着し、TEGチップのアルミニウム製電極パッドと基板の電極パッドとをデイジーチェーン接続となるように銅ワイヤ4N(銅純度99.99質量%)を用いてワイヤピッチ80μmでワイヤボンディングした。これを、低圧トランスファー成形機(TOWA製「Yシリーズ」)を用いて、金型温度175℃、注入圧力6.9MPa、硬化時間2分間の条件で実施例1〜4又は比較例1〜2のいずれかの半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物により封止成形して、352ピンBGAパッケージを作製した。このパッケージを175℃、4時間の条件で後硬化して半導体装置を得た。
(1)エポキシ樹脂組成物の物性評価
得られたエポキシ樹脂組成物の物性を以下の方法により測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
低圧トランスファー成形機(コータキ精機(株)製「KTS−15」)を用いて、EMMI−1−66に準じたスパイラルフロー測定用の金型に、金型温度175℃、注入圧力6.9MPa、硬化時間120秒間の条件で、実施例1〜4、比較例1〜2の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物をそれぞれ注入し、流動長(単位:cm)を測定した。60cm以下であるとパッケージ未充填などの成形不良が生じる場合がある。
175℃に加熱した熱板上で実施例1〜4、比較例1〜2の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物をそれぞれ溶融後、へらで練りながら硬化するまでの時間を測定した。
作製した352ピンBGA半導体装置の耐湿信頼性(HAST)を以下の方法により測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
352ピンBGAパッケージを使用し、IEC68−2−66に準拠しHAST(Highly Accelerated temperature and humidity Stress Test)試験を行った。試験条件は130℃85%RH20V印加、96時間、192時間及び1008時間処理をして回路のオープン不良有無を測定した。1パッケージあたり4端子を持ち5パッケージで計20回路を評価に用いた。単位は不良回路の個数。
HASTにおいて、1008時間処理をしても不良が発生しない場合を◎、192時間処理しても不良が発生しない場合を○と判定し、それ以外を×と判定した。
2 ダイボンド材硬化体
3 リードフレーム
3a ダイパッド部
3b リードフレームの電気的接合部(リード部)
4 金属ワイヤ(銅ワイヤ)
5 封止樹脂
6 電極パッド
Claims (10)
- ダイパッド部を有するリードフレーム又は回路基板上に搭載された半導体素子と、
前記リードフレーム又は回路基板に設けられた電気的接合部と前記半導体素子に設けられた電極パッドとを電気的に接合する金属ワイヤと、
を封止して半導体装置を製造するのに用いられる半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物であって、前記半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物は、エポキシ樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)、無機充填材(C)を含有し、
前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフの面積法による測定における主ピークの面積が全ピークの合計面積に対して90%以上であることを特徴とする半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。 - 前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフの面積法による測定における主ピークの面積が全ピークの合計面積に対して92%以上である請求項1に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が、含有される全塩素量が300ppm以下であり、加水分解性塩素量が150ppm以下である請求項1または2に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が、含有される全塩素量が200ppm以下であり、加水分解性塩素量が100ppm以下である請求項1または2のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂(A)の配合割合が、前記半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物全体に対して3質量%以上20質量%以下である、請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記金属ワイヤが、銅ワイヤである、請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記銅ワイヤの銅に対して0.1質量%以下のドーパントが添加されており、前記銅ワイヤの銅純度が99.9質量%以上である請求項7に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- ダイパッド部を有するリードフレーム又は回路基板上に搭載された半導体素子と、
前記リードフレーム又は回路基板に設けられた電気的接合部と前記半導体素子に設けられた電極パッドとを電気的に接合する金属ワイヤと、
が、請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物により封止されていることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記金属ワイヤが、銅ワイヤである、請求項9に記載の半導体装置。
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TWI494838B (zh) | 2012-11-07 | 2015-08-01 | Elan Microelectronics Corp | 電容式觸控板及其製法 |
US9224659B2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-12-29 | Microchip Technology Incorporated | Method and apparatus for semiconductor testing at low temperature |
JP6424819B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-11 | 2018-11-21 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法および半導体装置 |
JP6322966B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-19 | 2018-05-16 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | 封止用樹脂組成物及び電子部品装置 |
US9464224B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-10-11 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Transformative wavelength conversion medium |
US9382472B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-07-05 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Transformative wavelength conversion medium |
WO2016157259A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 封止用樹脂組成物と、この封止用樹脂組成物を用いた半導体装置、この封止用樹脂組成物を用いる半導体装置の製造方法 |
TWI709583B (zh) * | 2015-12-08 | 2020-11-11 | 日商迪愛生股份有限公司 | 環氧樹脂、環氧樹脂之製造方法、硬化性樹脂組成物及其硬化物 |
JP6489263B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-03-27 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | 封止用樹脂組成物及び電子部品装置 |
JP7343988B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-19 | 2023-09-13 | 日東電工株式会社 | 封止用シート |
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