JPH11224960A - Ledランプ並びにledチップ - Google Patents
Ledランプ並びにledチップInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11224960A JPH11224960A JP32874498A JP32874498A JPH11224960A JP H11224960 A JPH11224960 A JP H11224960A JP 32874498 A JP32874498 A JP 32874498A JP 32874498 A JP32874498 A JP 32874498A JP H11224960 A JPH11224960 A JP H11224960A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- chip
- led
- light emitting
- led lamp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/83—Electrodes
- H10H20/831—Electrodes characterised by their shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/075—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H10H20/00
- H01L25/0756—Stacked arrangements of devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/819—Bodies characterised by their shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/84—Coatings, e.g. passivation layers or antireflective coatings
- H10H20/841—Reflective coatings, e.g. dielectric Bragg reflectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/85—Packages
- H10H20/858—Means for heat extraction or cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/85—Packages
- H10H20/858—Means for heat extraction or cooling
- H10H20/8585—Means for heat extraction or cooling being an interconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/075—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H10H20/00
- H01L25/0753—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H10H20/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Led Device Packages (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9724507.0 | 1997-11-19 | ||
| GBGB9724507.0A GB9724507D0 (en) | 1997-09-12 | 1997-11-19 | Light source arrangements |
| GB9820311.0 | 1998-09-17 | ||
| GBGB9820311.0A GB9820311D0 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-09-17 | Led lamp |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010113662A Division JP2010177711A (ja) | 1997-11-19 | 2010-05-17 | Ledランプ並びにledチップ |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11224960A true JPH11224960A (ja) | 1999-08-17 |
Family
ID=26312629
Family Applications (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32874498A Withdrawn JPH11224960A (ja) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | Ledランプ並びにledチップ |
| JP2010113662A Pending JP2010177711A (ja) | 1997-11-19 | 2010-05-17 | Ledランプ並びにledチップ |
| JP2012133727A Pending JP2012195605A (ja) | 1997-11-19 | 2012-06-13 | Ledランプ並びにledチップ |
| JP2014175011A Expired - Lifetime JP5898277B2 (ja) | 1997-11-19 | 2014-08-29 | Ledランプ並びにledチップ |
Family Applications After (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010113662A Pending JP2010177711A (ja) | 1997-11-19 | 2010-05-17 | Ledランプ並びにledチップ |
| JP2012133727A Pending JP2012195605A (ja) | 1997-11-19 | 2012-06-13 | Ledランプ並びにledチップ |
| JP2014175011A Expired - Lifetime JP5898277B2 (ja) | 1997-11-19 | 2014-08-29 | Ledランプ並びにledチップ |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6346771B1 (enExample) |
| JP (4) | JPH11224960A (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB2331625B (enExample) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001345480A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-12-14 | Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd | Iii族窒化物系化合物半導体素子 |
| JP2004503114A (ja) * | 2000-07-10 | 2004-01-29 | オスラム オプト セミコンダクターズ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 光放射形半導体チップ |
| JP2004505434A (ja) * | 1999-12-03 | 2004-02-19 | クリー インコーポレイテッド | 光抽出を向上させた微小発光ダイオードアレイ |
| US6870191B2 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2005-03-22 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light emitting device |
| JP2008166784A (ja) * | 2007-01-03 | 2008-07-17 | Samsung Electro Mech Co Ltd | 窒化物半導体発光素子 |
| JP2009182324A (ja) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-13 | Foxsemicon Intergated Technology Inc | 半導体発光素子 |
| US7683386B2 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2010-03-23 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light emitting device with protrusions to improve external efficiency and crystal growth |
| JP2013062543A (ja) * | 1999-12-01 | 2013-04-04 | Cree Inc | 改良された電流拡散構造を有するスケーラブルled |
| JP2013150018A (ja) * | 2008-09-09 | 2013-08-01 | Bridgelux Inc | 向上した電極構造を有する発光素子 |
| JP2014096592A (ja) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-05-22 | Seoul Viosys Co Ltd | 発光素子及びそれを製造する方法 |
| JP2015079953A (ja) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-04-23 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 発光素子 |
| WO2022059280A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-24 | アルディーテック株式会社 | 半導体発光素子チップ集積装置およびその製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (58)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6633120B2 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2003-10-14 | Unisplay S.A. | LED lamps |
| DE10016817A1 (de) * | 2000-04-05 | 2001-10-18 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Farb-Head-up Display, insbesondere für ein Fahrzeug |
| US6525464B1 (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2003-02-25 | Unity Opto Technology Co., Ltd. | Stacked light-mixing LED |
| US6791119B2 (en) | 2001-02-01 | 2004-09-14 | Cree, Inc. | Light emitting diodes including modifications for light extraction |
| US7211833B2 (en) | 2001-07-23 | 2007-05-01 | Cree, Inc. | Light emitting diodes including barrier layers/sublayers |
| US6740906B2 (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2004-05-25 | Cree, Inc. | Light emitting diodes including modifications for submount bonding |
| KR100401005B1 (ko) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-10-10 | 동부전자 주식회사 | 마스크롬 제조방법 |
| US20030090103A1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-05-15 | Thomas Becker | Direct mailing device |
| CN1653297B (zh) * | 2002-05-08 | 2010-09-29 | 佛森技术公司 | 高效固态光源及其使用和制造方法 |
| DE10234977A1 (de) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-02-12 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Strahlungsemittierendes Dünnschicht-Halbleiterbauelement auf GaN-Basis |
| AU2003252359A1 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-02-23 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light-emitting device, method for manufacturing same and light-emitting apparatus using same |
| CA2517009A1 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-10 | Cree, Inc. | White light source using emitting diode and phosphor and method of fabrication |
| US20040201990A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-10-14 | Meyer William E. | LED lamp |
| EP1620903B1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2017-08-16 | Cree, Inc. | High-power solid state light emitter package |
| US7005679B2 (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2006-02-28 | Cree, Inc. | Multiple component solid state white light |
| US6945683B2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2005-09-20 | Guide Corporation | Thin lamp assembly method |
| US7073618B1 (en) | 2003-07-01 | 2006-07-11 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Flush mounted taillight |
| CN100499184C (zh) * | 2003-09-26 | 2009-06-10 | 奥斯兰姆奥普托半导体有限责任公司 | 发光薄膜半导体芯片 |
| WO2005041632A2 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-05-12 | Phoseon Technology, Inc. | Collection optics for led array with offset hemispherical or faceted surfaces |
| JP2005158369A (ja) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-06-16 | Toyota Industries Corp | 光学部材及び照明装置 |
| EP1735844B1 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2019-06-19 | Phoseon Technology, Inc. | Use of a high-density light emitting diode array comprising micro-reflectors for curing applications |
| US20080121917A1 (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2008-05-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | High efficiency white, single or multi-color light emitting diodes (leds) by index matching structures |
| KR101288758B1 (ko) * | 2004-12-30 | 2013-07-23 | 포세온 테크날러지 인코퍼레이티드 | 산업 공정에서 광원을 사용하는 시스템 및 방법 |
| US20060204865A1 (en) * | 2005-03-08 | 2006-09-14 | Luminus Devices, Inc. | Patterned light-emitting devices |
| KR20090018623A (ko) | 2006-06-12 | 2009-02-20 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | 재발광 반도체 구성 및 수렴 광학 요소를 갖는 led 소자 |
| US7952110B2 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2011-05-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | LED device with re-emitting semiconductor construction and converging optical element |
| US20070284565A1 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Led device with re-emitting semiconductor construction and optical element |
| US7902542B2 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2011-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Adapted LED device with re-emitting semiconductor construction |
| US20100224890A1 (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2010-09-09 | Cree, Inc. | Light emitting diode chip with electrical insulation element |
| KR20160150648A (ko) | 2006-09-29 | 2016-12-30 | 오스람 실바니아 인코포레이티드 | 유기 발광 소자 및 조명 장치 |
| US8110838B2 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2012-02-07 | Luminus Devices, Inc. | Spatial localization of light-generating portions in LEDs |
| JP4901453B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-20 | 2012-03-21 | 東芝ディスクリートテクノロジー株式会社 | 半導体発光素子 |
| US20080197369A1 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-08-21 | Cree, Inc. | Double flip semiconductor device and method for fabrication |
| US20080258130A1 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-10-23 | Bergmann Michael J | Beveled LED Chip with Transparent Substrate |
| AU2012201421B2 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2012-08-16 | Lsi Industries, Inc. | Reflector |
| US20090109689A1 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2009-04-30 | Lsi Industries, Inc. | Reflector |
| US9431589B2 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2016-08-30 | Cree, Inc. | Textured encapsulant surface in LED packages |
| USD631017S1 (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2011-01-18 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Light emitting diode chip |
| USD631018S1 (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2011-01-18 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Light emitting diode chip |
| USD620897S1 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2010-08-03 | Semi LEDs Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. | Light emitting diode device |
| USD633876S1 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-03-08 | Semi LEDs Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. | Light emitting diode device |
| USD620460S1 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-07-27 | SemiLEDs, Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. | Light emitting diode device |
| US8981397B2 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2015-03-17 | Tsmc Solid State Lighting Ltd. | Light-emitting devices on textured substrates |
| EP2458412A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2012-05-30 | Université de Liège | Method for manufacturing an improved optical layer of a light emitting device, and light emitting device with surface nano-micro texturation based on radiation speckle lithography. |
| CN104241262B (zh) | 2013-06-14 | 2020-11-06 | 惠州科锐半导体照明有限公司 | 发光装置以及显示装置 |
| US11329195B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 | 2022-05-10 | Epistar Corporation | Semiconductor light-emitting device |
| US9461209B2 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2016-10-04 | Epistar Corporation | Semiconductor light-emitting device |
| US11543083B2 (en) | 2014-09-28 | 2023-01-03 | Zhejiang Super Lighting Electric Appliance Co., Ltd | LED filament and LED light bulb |
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| US11525547B2 (en) | 2014-09-28 | 2022-12-13 | Zhejiang Super Lighting Electric Appliance Co., Ltd | LED light bulb with curved filament |
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| US11421827B2 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2022-08-23 | Zhejiang Super Lighting Electric Appliance Co., Ltd | LED filament and LED light bulb |
| US10982048B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2021-04-20 | Jiaxing Super Lighting Electric Appliance Co., Ltd | Organosilicon-modified polyimide resin composition and use thereof |
| KR102659254B1 (ko) | 2018-12-26 | 2024-04-22 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 반도체 발광소자를 이용한 램프 |
| CN114005926B (zh) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-02-27 | 淮安澳洋顺昌光电技术有限公司 | 导热层、发光二极管、半导体器件及其制备方法 |
Citations (7)
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| JPH05243609A (ja) * | 1992-02-27 | 1993-09-21 | Kyocera Corp | 半導体発光素子 |
| JPH065912A (ja) * | 1992-06-18 | 1994-01-14 | Sharp Corp | 発光ダイオード |
| JPH065922A (ja) * | 1992-06-24 | 1994-01-14 | Rohm Co Ltd | 多色発光ダイオード |
| JPH06318731A (ja) * | 1993-03-12 | 1994-11-15 | Sharp Corp | 半導体発光装置 |
| JPH07307489A (ja) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-21 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体発光素子及びその製造方法 |
| JPH0997922A (ja) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-04-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 発光素子 |
| JPH09298310A (ja) * | 1996-05-09 | 1997-11-18 | Nichia Chem Ind Ltd | 窒化物半導体素子 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2013062543A (ja) * | 1999-12-01 | 2013-04-04 | Cree Inc | 改良された電流拡散構造を有するスケーラブルled |
| JP2004505434A (ja) * | 1999-12-03 | 2004-02-19 | クリー インコーポレイテッド | 光抽出を向上させた微小発光ダイオードアレイ |
| JP2001345480A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-12-14 | Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd | Iii族窒化物系化合物半導体素子 |
| JP2004503114A (ja) * | 2000-07-10 | 2004-01-29 | オスラム オプト セミコンダクターズ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 光放射形半導体チップ |
| US9368681B2 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2016-06-14 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light emitting device |
| US6870191B2 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2005-03-22 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light emitting device |
| US7635875B2 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2009-12-22 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light emitting device |
| US7745245B2 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2010-06-29 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light emitting device |
| US7804101B2 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2010-09-28 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light-emitting device |
| US10593833B2 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2020-03-17 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light emitting device |
| US10396242B2 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2019-08-27 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light emitting device |
| US9865773B2 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2018-01-09 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light emitting device |
| US7683386B2 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2010-03-23 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light emitting device with protrusions to improve external efficiency and crystal growth |
| US8119534B2 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2012-02-21 | Nichia Corporation | Semiconductor light emitting device with protrusions to improve external efficiency and crystal growth |
| JP2008166784A (ja) * | 2007-01-03 | 2008-07-17 | Samsung Electro Mech Co Ltd | 窒化物半導体発光素子 |
| US8110847B2 (en) | 2007-01-03 | 2012-02-07 | Samsung Led Co., Ltd. | Nitride-based semiconductor light emitting diode |
| JP2011142349A (ja) * | 2007-01-03 | 2011-07-21 | Samsung Led Co Ltd | 窒化物半導体発光素子 |
| JP2009182324A (ja) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-13 | Foxsemicon Intergated Technology Inc | 半導体発光素子 |
| US9324915B2 (en) | 2008-09-09 | 2016-04-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Light-emitting device with improved electrode structures |
| JP2013150018A (ja) * | 2008-09-09 | 2013-08-01 | Bridgelux Inc | 向上した電極構造を有する発光素子 |
| JP2014096592A (ja) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-05-22 | Seoul Viosys Co Ltd | 発光素子及びそれを製造する方法 |
| JP2015079953A (ja) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-04-23 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 発光素子 |
| WO2022059280A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-24 | アルディーテック株式会社 | 半導体発光素子チップ集積装置およびその製造方法 |
| JP2022049620A (ja) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-29 | アルディーテック株式会社 | 半導体発光素子チップ集積装置およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2331625A9 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
| GB9825403D0 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
| GB2331625A (en) | 1999-05-26 |
| US6346771B1 (en) | 2002-02-12 |
| US20020063521A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
| US6720730B2 (en) | 2004-04-13 |
| JP2010177711A (ja) | 2010-08-12 |
| JP5898277B2 (ja) | 2016-04-06 |
| JP2012195605A (ja) | 2012-10-11 |
| JP2014220542A (ja) | 2014-11-20 |
| GB2331625A8 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
| GB2331625B (en) | 2003-02-26 |
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