JPH06508049A - 腹膜収縮装置 - Google Patents

腹膜収縮装置

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JPH06508049A
JPH06508049A JP5500498A JP50049893A JPH06508049A JP H06508049 A JPH06508049 A JP H06508049A JP 5500498 A JP5500498 A JP 5500498A JP 50049893 A JP50049893 A JP 50049893A JP H06508049 A JPH06508049 A JP H06508049A
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balloon
abdominal wall
lifting device
gallbladder
rod
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モール、フレデリック・エイチ
チン、アルバート・ケイ
カラモア、ダイアン・イー
ワトキンス、フランク・ティー・サード
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オリジン・メドシステムズ・インク
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    • A61B2017/22051Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with an inflatable part, e.g. balloon, for positioning, blocking, or immobilisation
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    • A61B2017/348Means for supporting the trocar against the body or retaining the trocar inside the body
    • A61B2017/3482Means for supporting the trocar against the body or retaining the trocar inside the body inside
    • A61B2017/3484Anchoring means, e.g. spreading-out umbrella-like structure
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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 腹膜収縮装置および方法 発明の背景 本発明は、腹腔鏡処理の間に、腹壁をその下方にある腹器官から機械的に持ち上 げる装置および方法に関する。
さらに詳しく述べれば、本発明は、腹壁が盲目的にまたは腹腔鏡で導かれる機械 装置によって内部で持ち上げられるような装置および方法に関し、また一旦定位 置に置かれると腹壁の拡大区域に合うように拡大される。本発明は、腹器官をゆ ったりと覆いかつ処理のための胆のうのような特殊器官を移動させる装置および 方法にも関する。
腹腔鏡技術は二十世紀当初にさかのぼる。早期の腹腔鏡法は主として、在来の手 術を要せずに内部器官を観測する診断目的で使用された1930年代以来、腹腔 鏡は不妊手術に使用され、さらに最近ヘルニアの縫合に使用されている。米国特 許第4.919.152号および第4.994.443号は後者の型の方法に関 する。もう一つのごく最近では胆のうを除去するための手術に腹腔鏡を使用でき る程に進出した。
機械的収縮装置を用いて腹腔の処置をする間に、腹壁をその下側にある腹器官か ら持ち上げて引き離す構想は本発明にとって新しいものである。最近の手順によ れば、腹壁の内部を栓するために、二酸化炭素通気を使用する。
これには腹壁を通るすべての入口でガスを封止する必要があり、また通気のムー ド効果により腹腔鏡計器(握持器、はさみ、感電計器など)は処置部位に達する ために長い軸(12〜13インチ程度)を必要とする。そのような計器は制御が 困難であり、計器応用の間に異常に大きな運動を生じる。
発明の概要 本発明のいろいろな機械的収縮装置により、小さな制限された切開または穴をあ けた部分を介して内服膜を置くことができる。腹部はガス漏れがあっても封止す る必要はなく、腹壁は外部変移の支柱や機械アームにより、または腹内部に拡大 される膨張バッグ、すなわちバルーンにより持ち上げられる。
本発明の方法を実施する際に、腹壁に小さな開口が形成され、また持ち上げ装置 は対称の形に開口を経て腹部に挿入される。一旦腹内部で装置が腹壁の大きな区 域に合うように引き延ばされると腹壁は装置と共に持ち上げられる。
1つの実施例では、持ち上げ措置は、肝臓および胆のうを移動させる腹部空洞内 で膨張される圧縮バルーンの形をしている。この配列によって、胆のうはバルー ンの外部で腹腔鏡で握持されかつ切り離される。バルーンは移動されて処置の観 測はバルーン内に置かれたりバルーンを通過して置かれる内視鏡を通して得られ る。
本発明の装置には、収縮状態で腹壁にある小開口を通して挿入し得る拡大式腹壁 結合装置が含まれ、またいったん腹部内に置かれると、腹壁の拡大区域に合うよ うに拡大することができる。持ち上げ装置は結合装置と共動して、結合装置を通 る腹壁に持ち上げる力を与える。本発明は、腹空洞から胆のうを握持しかつ除去 する装置をも提供する。
この装置には、鋭い末端を持つ細長い管状軸が含まれ、さらに胆のうに挿入しか つそれと共に内部把握するように膨張するための軸によって取り付けられるバル ーンがある。またバルーンには、胆のうの内容物を軸に引き入れるようにするた めの軸の開口が含まれる。
本発明の一つの主な目的は、通気せずに腹壁を持ち上げる腹膜収縮装置を提供す ることである。
本発明のもう一つの目的は、腹壁を通るすべての入口に存在すべきガスを封止す る必要のない装置を提供することである。
本発明のなおもう一つの目的は、腹壁のドーミング(doming)およびその ドーミングに合うように腹腔鏡計器を極めて長くする必要のない装置を提供する ことである。
後者の目的に関連したもう一つの目的は、比較的短かい軸を持ち、つまり外科医 によって計器に知らせる制御を容易にかつ増大にさせることである。
本発明のもう一つの目的は、腹器官を覆う腹膜収縮装置を提供して、処置するた めに特定器官を移動させる働きをさせることである。
本発明のもう一つの目的は、静かでかっ腹壁の比較的小さな区域を持ち上げるよ うに制御される腹膜収縮方式を提供することである。
本発明のなおもう一つの目的は、内視鏡がバルーンの外側に対する腹腔鏡の動作 を観測するように置かれるバルーンを使用する腹膜収縮装置を提供することであ る。
本発明のさらにもう一つの目的は、器官を膨張させて操作したり、身体から器官 を引き出したりするように処置すべき器官と共に内部結合し得る腹腔鏡計器を提 供することである。
後者の目的に関連したもう一つの目的は、器官を取り除く前にその内容物を引き 出すのに用いる計器を提供することである。
本発明のなおもう一つの目的は、身体の組織を過度に張らないようにする腹膜収 縮用の腹壁を持ち上げる方式を提供することである。
本発明のもう一つの目的は、ガス漏れおよびトロカール弁を必要としない装置を 提供することである。
上記および他の諸口的は、下記の詳細な説明および添付図面を参照すると一段と 明白になる。
図面の簡単な説明 図1は腹壁を持ち上げる過程における本発明の第1実施例を示す身体の横断立面 図である。
図2は腹壁を持ち上げるように置がれている過程における本発明の第2実施例を 示す身体の横断立面図である。
図3は腹壁を持ち上げる過程における第2実施例を示す第2図に似た横断面図で ある。
図4は腹壁を持ち上げるように置かれている過程にお図5は腹壁を持ち上げる過 程の第3実施例を示す図4に似た横断面図である。
図6は腹壁を持ち上げるために置かれる過程における本発明の第4実施例を示す 身体の横断立面図である。
図7は腹壁を持ち上げる過程における第4実施例を示す図6に似た横断面図であ る。
図8は収縮状態下の装置を示す太線および拡大状態下の装置を示す低空線を有す る、本発明の第5実施例の持ち上げ装置の斜視図である。
図9は説明の目的で切断された腹壁と共に、収縮状態下にあるように挿入された 第5実施例の持ち上げ装置を有する過程での身体の斜視図である。
図10は拡大されている過程における第5実施例の持ち上げ装置を示す図9に似 た斜視図である。
図11は腹壁を持ち上げる過程における本発明の第5実施例を示す身体の横断立 面図である。
図12は収縮状態下にある装置およびその中でガス抜きされたバルーンを有する 本発明の第6実施例の持ち上げ装置の斜視図である。
図13は拡大状態下におかれバルーンが膨張された装置を示す第6実施例の持ち 上げ装置の斜視図である。
図4から図9までは、腹部空洞内の定位置に第5実施例の持ち上げ装置を挿入し 、かつ説明の目的で切り離された腹壁の部分と共に腹壁と結合する装置を拡大す る段階を順次説明する斜視図である。
図20は腹壁を持ち上げる過程での第5実施例の持ち上げ装置の変形例を示す身 体の横断立面図であるが、この場合装置は腹壁のすぐ下の区域を照射しているの が示されている。
図21は第5実施例の持ち上げ装置の斜視図であるが、この場合拡大可能な素子 の末端は身体の組織にバルーンがからまないようになっている。
図22は第5実施例の装置のなおもう一つの変型を示す身体の横断立面図である が、この場合装置の拡大可能な脚には持ち上げバルーンが取り付けられている。
図23は腹壁を持ち上げる過程における本発明の第7実施例を示す身体の横断立 面図である。
図24は本発明の第8実施例の持ち上げ装置の斜視図であるが、この場合装置は 1個の膨張式ドーナツ形バルーンの形をしている。
図25は本発明の第9実施例の持ち上げ装置の斜視図であり、この場合装置は3 個の重なった膨張式ドーナツ形バルーンの形をしている。
図26は腹壁を持ち上げる過程における本発明の第9実施例の持ち上げ装置を示 す身体の横断面図である。
図27は本発明の第10実施例の持ち上げ装置の斜視図であり、この場合装置は 収縮状態で示されたバルーンと共に、末端にバルーンを有する管状ロッドの形を 呈している。
図28は腹壁を持ち上げる過程における第10実施例の持ち上げ装置を示す身体 の横断面図である。
図29は本発明の第11実施例の持ち上げ装置の斜視図であり、この場合装置は 最も下のバルーンを横切ってわたる被覆膜と共に3個の重なったドーナツ形のバ ルーンの形をしており、かつ最も下のドーナツ形バルーン内の中央に置かれた膨 張式バルーンの形をしている。
図30、図31、図32は腸の上の腹部空洞に挿入されかっ腹壁を持ち上げて腸 を覆うように膨張される過程における第11実施例の持ち上げ装置を順次示す身 体の横断立面図である。
図33は中央バルーンにわたる1対の腹腔鏡計器および腸を外科処置する第11 実施例の持ち上げデバイスの覆い膜を示す図32に似た横断立面図である。
図34は本発明の第12実施例の持ち上げ装置の斜視図であり、この場合装置は 両端で固着された覆い部材を持つ1個のU形バルーンの形をしている。
図35は第12実施例の持ち上げ装置を変形した斜視図であり、この場合装置は 両端に固着された覆い部材を持つ1個のU形バルーンの形をしており、バルーン の壁は部分的に結合されている。
図36は身体の腹部空洞内に置かれている装置が示される本発明の第13実施例 の持ち上げ装置の斜視図であり、切り開かれて部分に示される部品は腸に対する 処置関係の装置を示す。
図37は装置が身体の腹部空洞内に置かれている本発明の第14実施例の持ち上 げ装置の斜視図であり、各部分は胆のうを露出させるために肝臓を移動させる装 置を示す。
図38は腹壁を持ち上げかつ持ち上げ装置内に置かれている内視鏡と共に胆のう を露出させるように胆のうを移動させる身体の横断立面図である。
図39は第15実施例の変形例を示す図38に似た横断面図であり、この場合第 2バルーンは第1バルーンの上に置かれて、第1バルーンを腹壁にわたっている トロカールから1次バルーンを遮へいしている。
図40は装置が身体の腹部空洞内に置かれているのが示される第15実施例の持 ち上げ装置の斜視図であり、部品は理解しやすいように切り離されており、また 腹腔鏡ピンセットが胆のうと握持結合するようにわたっている。
図41、図42、図43は身体の腹部空洞内に置かれた本発明の第15実施例の 持ち上げ装置の斜視図であり、これは腹部空洞に腹腔鏡で入りかつ胆のうと握持 結合する本発明の胆のう膨張および操作装置を挿入する諸段階を順次示す。
図44は胆のう膨張および胆のう内の膨張条件で図41乃至43の操作装置を示 す横断面図である。
図45は図44の装置の変形例を示す横断面図であり、この場合装置はバルーン を膨張させる単一の内腔を有し、胆のう内容物を引出す内腔は持っていない。
図46は第15実施例の変形例を示す図38に似た横断面図であり、この場合内 視鏡は持ち上げ装置のバルーンを完全に通過する。
発明の詳細な説明 バルーンを使用する本発明の上記実施例において、バルーン材料は比較的弾性が なくかつ丈夫でなければならない。そのような材料の例はマイラー、ポリエチレ ン、およびポリウレタンである。バルーン壁の厚さは代表的に0.5 ミルから 5ミルまでである。
図1を参照すると、身体は文字rBJによって完全に示され、かつ上壁rWJと 共に腹部空洞「C」を持つ状態で示されている。太線は収縮した高くなった状態 での壁を示す。低空線は壁が緩んだときに呈する位置を示す。
第1実施例(図1)の持ち上げ装置には、身体の片側の肋骨縁の下にある穴開は 部分を通過して他側の肋骨縁の下でもう一つの穴開は部分を通過する剛性横断バ ー10が含まれる。穴開は部分は横方向にできるだけ離して置かれ、両側で前面 補助線に近接する。次にバーは持ち上げられて操作テーブル14の両側に固着さ れるスロット付き支柱、すなわちボスト12の上に置かれる。肋骨の縁の下のバ ーの配置は、胆のう切除手順のために胆のうの場所で最大の持ち上げを与える。
バーは他の手順のために一段と低く置かれる穴開は部分を通して置かれる。第2 横方向バーは、次の腹壁内に4個の穴開は部分が作られるにつれて、持ち上げの 全体面を定めるのにも使用される。代替として、剛性バーを用いる代わりに、ケ ーブルは腹壁を通過してケーブルに加えられる可変張力が収縮の異なる程度を生 じる。
第2実施例(図2)では、剛性バー16は片側を通って腹部空洞に入る。次に小 さい穴が腹壁の中線で作られ、次にケーブル・ループ18が腹部空洞に入る。バ ー16はループを通過し、またループは次に収縮を達成するために引き上げられ る(図3)。バーの方向制御は腹部の外側に残るバーの部分によって維持される 。
第3実施例の持ち上げ装置(図4、図5)には、全体として長方形の横方向オフ セット部分24を持つ剛性ロッド22が含まれる。ロッド22は腹壁にある入口 および出口の穴開は部分を通ってねじ込まれ、次に図5に示される通り収縮を与 えるように回転されクランプ・ダウンされる。スロット付き支柱、すなわちポス ト12は、ロッドの近接した端および末端を支持する。クランク26はロッドの 端の一つと結合されて、ロッドを収縮位置まで回転させる。
第4実施例(図6、図7)に本質的に、第3実施例の変形例である。第4実施例 では、ロッド28は冷却時に直線がかつ加熱時に横方向にオフセットされた中央 部分30を持つ形状を取るN I T I NOL”Oような形状記憶金属で形 成されている。ロッドに埋め込まれた電極(図示されていない)は、変化部分で ロッドを加熱するのに用いられ、その結果ロッドは図7に見られる通り、収縮す るために長方形に変えられる。
ロッド28は、図1の実施例に似た肋骨の縁に置かれる穴開は部分で腹部を通過 する。ロッドの最も近い端および末端は、定位置に置かれるとスロット付きポス ト12の上に結合される。加熱器32(図7参照)は次に活性化されて、変移部 分でのロッド温度を増し、腹壁を収縮させる。
図8から図11までに示す第5実施例には、相互に全体として平行関係にわたり かつスリーブ42内に回転自在に受けられる中間部分38.40を持つ1対の角 度づけされた剛性部材34が含まれる。部材34.36の近接端はそれぞれ操作 レバー44および46で形成されている。部材34および36の末端は、細長い アーム48.50を備えている。
第5実施例の装置を使用する場合、刻み目52が腹壁に付けられ、またアーム4 8.50は図8および図9に示される収縮状態で刻み目を通って延長される。レ バー44、46は相互に対向して移動され、かつ図10に示される通り腹壁の下 外方にアームに風を送るために両レバーは共に保持される。腹壁は次に図11に 示される通り持ち上げられて腹部を収縮される。
図12、図13に示される第6実施例が第5実施例と異なる点は、参照番号48 a 、 50aで示されるアームがそれぞれ細長いバルーン54および56を取 り付ける点だけであり、また角度つけ部材が管状で、これらのバルーンに膨張ガ スの導管を与える点である。図8乃至図10に示される実施例に対応する図12 、図13の実施例は下記の通り添字raJを伴う同様な数字によって表わされ、 すなわち中間部分38a 、 40a 、スリーブ42a1アーム44a 、  46aで表わされる。たわみ導管56.58はレバー44a 、 46aに固着 されて、バルーン54.56を膨張させるために両レバーにガスの導管を連結す る。
第6実施例は腹部空洞に導入され、全体として図9乃至図11に示された方法と 同じ方法で収縮に使用されるが、ただしアーム48a 、 50aが扇形に広げ られてからバルーン54.56とが図13に示された通り膨張される場合を除く 。
これはアームと腹壁との間の接触区域を広げてクッションを与える。
図14乃至図19は、切開52を形成しかつ第5または第6実施例を腹部空洞に 導入する好ましい順序を示す。図14では、薄いプラスチックのさや60を持つ ヴアーレス(Veress)針は、腹壁内で穴開けを形成し、かつ腹部空洞に入 る。ヴアーレス針は次に引き下げられ、図15に示すようにさや60を定位置に 残し、さらにガイド線62はさやを通って腹部空洞にねじ込まれる。次に小さい 切開52 (0,5cm)がガイド線に隣接するさやに沿って作られ、そしてさ やは図16に示されるような部分にガイド線を残して除去される。次にプラスチ ックのガイドさや66がかぶせられた拡張器64はガイド線の上に進められて図 17に示すように腹部に進められ、次に拡張器、およびガイド線は図18に示す 場所にさやを残して取り除かれる。拡張器は光ファイバ・スコープを有し、その 配置中にさやによって腸に衝撃を与えないようにしている。次に持ち上げ装置、 すなわち収縮器は図18に示すようにガイドさやを経て腹部空洞に導入されるが 、さやは挿入中に外傷から腹部器官を保護する。その後、アーム48.50には 図19に示すように腹部の内側と共に拡大結合をするように風が送られる。機械 的アーム67はレバー44.46と共に結合されてレバーに持ち上げ力を与え、 腹壁を収縮する。
アーム67は、末端部分69a1施錠式回り継手71によって接続される近接部 分69bを有する。近接部分は参照番号75て表わされる操作テーブルの側に置 かれたモータをつけたウオーム歯車作動器73上に支持されている。
図20に示す第5実施例の変形例は、図8乃至図11の構造および動作モードに 対応する構造および動作モードを有するが、ただし持ち上げアーム48b 、  50bは腹部空洞を照射する光フアイバー装置を有する。図20は、レバー44 b 、 46bの近接端での光バルブ68を示し、光フアイバー照射器用の光源 を供給する。
図21の変形された第5実施例が図8のものと異なるのは、角度づけ部材34c  、 36cが管状であり、アーム48C950cの末端で膨張式バルーン70 .72を備えている点だけである。これらのバルーンはアームの端から身体の内 部器官を遮へいする働きをする。使用中に、バルーン図21の持ち上げ装置を腹 部空洞に導入する間に収縮されたガス抜き状態に置かれる。いったん空洞内の定 位置に置かれると、バルーンは管状角度部材を通して膨張されかつアーム34c  、 36cは腹壁の下に風を送るように広げられる。
図23の第7実施例の持ち上げ装置には、管状持ち上げロッド76の末端に固着 されるバルーン74が含まれる。使用中に、ロッド76はその回りにぴったり包 まれたガス抜き状態のバルーンと共に、小さな切開を通して腹部空洞に導入され る。次にバルーンは、図23に示される通り腹壁と接触して延びるようにロッド を通して膨張される。
次に機械アームは図23の矢線によって示される通りロッド76を持ち上げるの に用いられ、さらに腹壁を収縮させる。
図24に示される第8実施例の持ち上げ装置は単に、それと流体で通じて固着さ れた膨張導管80を持つドーナツ形バルーン78を含む。このバルーンはガス抜 きされて小切開を通り腹部空洞に導入されるように堅く収縮される。
一旦定位置に置かれると、バルーンは膨張されて腹壁と広く結合するようになり 、また図26に示される第9実施例のように腹壁を持ち上げる。
図25、図26に示す第9実施例が図24の第8実施例と異なる点は、主として 、持ち上げ装置がそれと流体で通じて固着された膨張導管88を有する三つの重 なったドーナツ形バルーン82.84.86を含む点である。使用中に、第8実 施例はガス抜きされて小切開を通り腹部空洞に導かれるように堅く巻かれた状態 にされる。一旦定位置に置かれると、バルーン82.84.86は腹壁を収縮す るように図26に示すように膨張される。図26から分かるように、最も下のド ーナツ形バルーン82が腹部90および肝臓92の上にもたれ、収縮または持ち 上げの力は腹部空洞内の異なったバルーン素子の膨張から生じ、その結果腹壁と その下の器官との間で圧縮状態を帯びるようになる。上述の実施例のような外部 持ち上げ装置は、第8および第9実施例では不要である。
図27、図28に示す第10実施例の持ち上げ装置には、その末端と封止された 流体で通じて固着されたバルーン96、98を持つ管状ロッド94が含まれる。
膨張導管100はロッドと共に封止流体で通じるように固着され、バルー。
ン用の膨張ガスを供給する。バルーンは図28に見られる通り、膨張により楕円 形になるようにつり合わされる。
使用中に、第10実施例の持ち上げ装置は、小切開を通しと腹部空洞に導入され 、次に図28に示すように全体として水平の状態てロッド94を配置させるよう に操作される。導管100は腹壁内の切開を通ってわたり、かつ適当な流体圧力 源にわたっている。−里腹部空洞内に置かれると、バルーン96.98は膨張さ れて図28に示すように腹壁を広げて持ち上げる。
図29乃至図33に示す第11実施例は第9実施例に似ているが、本実施例では 追加として中央に置かれた2次バルーン102と覆い膜104を備えている。第 11実施例の重なったドーナツ形バルーン、およびその膨張導管は82a。
84a 、 86a 、 88aのような添字raJを伴う第9実施例のものに 対応する数字で表わされている。
使用中に、第11実施例は図30に示される通りつぶされて、小切開を通して腹 部空洞に導入される。一旦空洞内に入ると、バルーン102は切開部分を通る膨 張導管106を通して膨張される。バルーン102は図31に示すようなドーナ ツ形バルーンを横方向に延ばす働きをするように膨張する。その後、ドーナツ形 バルーンは導管88aを通して膨張され、図32に示すように腹壁の持ち上げお よび収縮を作る。最下部のドーナツ形バルーン82a1および膜104は腸10 8の上に乗ることは明白である。
図33は、腹腔鏡操作工具が腹壁およびドーナツ形バルーン82a 、 84a  、 86aにより提供される中央通路を通る状態を示す。図示される通り、バ ルーン102は破裂され、また開口110は膜104に作られることは明白であ る。開口110が膜の導通性を遮断して腸に接近できるようにするにもかかわら ず、完全な状態の膜の部分は処置されない腸の部分を覆う。
図34に示される第12実施例の持ち上げ装置は本質的に、2次横拡大バルーン と重なった3個のバルーンを使用するのではなく、第11実施例の装置の変形例 であり、持ち上げ装置は両端に固定された覆い膜114を持つ1個のU形バルー ン112を含む。使用中に、第12実施例のバルーンは腹部空洞に導入されて第 11実施例のバルーンと同じように膨張されるが、ただし2次中央拡大バルーン は具備されていない。バルーン112は、それにつながる導管115によって選 択的に膨張され、腹壁にある小切開部分を通って延在する。膜114は、身体の 内部器官を覆いかつ遮へいする働きをする。仮空線116は、開口がその下にあ る器官に接近できるように膜を通して形成される方法を示すが、一方では膜は処 置されない器官を覆いかつ遮へいし続ける。
図35の持ち上げ装置図34の装置に対応するが、U形バルーンは付加された側 壁を有して、膨張により引き延ばされたバルーンに高さを与える。図34の装置 の部分に対応する図35の部分は、バルーン112a、膜114a、導管115 a%および仮空線開口116aのような添字raJを伴う同様な数字で表わされ ている。
図36に示される第13実施例の装置は本質的に、図35の実施例と同じである が、U形バルーンは付加された壁を持つ1個のバルーンではなく、3個の重ねら れたU形バルーンから成る。図示されているように、3個のバルーンは数字11 8 、120 、122によって表わされ、覆い膜124は最下部のバルーン1 18の両端に固着されている。
図36の持ち上げ装置36が小切開を通ってガス抜きされた状態で腹部空洞に導 入されることが分かる。一旦定位置に置かれると、バルーン1.18 、120  、122は空洞内の切開を通って延出する導管によって膨張される。手術中に 膜124を切断するのではなく、膜は処置すべき器官の区域に接近できるように 開口126と共に事前に形成される。
図37に示す第14実施例の持ち上げ装置は、図36の実施例の構造に似た構造 を有するが、バルーンは胆のう128を移動させかつ露出させるために肝臓92 を押しながら胃90の上に乗るようにされる。図37に示すように、持ち上げ装 置には、重なったU形バルーン118a、 120a、 122aが含まれ、覆 い膜124aは最下部のバルーン118aの両端に固着される。図37の装置が ガス抜きされた収縮状態で小切開を通り腹部空洞に導入されて、一旦定位置に置 かれると、腹壁を持ち上げるように選択的に膨張されることが分かる。
図38乃至図44に示される第15実施例は、持ち上げ装置として働く透明バル ーン130を使用する。バルーンは収縮されて小切開132を経て腹部空洞に導 入される。番号134で示すバルーンの首は切開を通って延びる状態に保たれ、 バルーンの膨張させるとともに内視鏡136をバルーン内に延出させる。首およ び内視鏡の間は、一般に液密シールを与えるように形成されている。図示の通り 、バルーン130は肝臓92を押し下げて、内視鏡136による処置および観測 のために胆のう128を露出させる。
図39は、トロカール140によって穴開けからバルーン130を遮へいするよ うに置かれた2次バルーン138を示す。この2次バルーンは任意に設けられる ものであるが、バルーン130の配置後に腹壁に突き刺すことが必要となる場合 に便利であることは明白である。
図40は、胆のう128と握持結合するように腹腔鏡で延ばされる鉗子142を 示す。胆のうがそのように握持されると、腹腔鏡の膨張・操作・除去工具144 は胆のうと貫通結合して腹部空洞に延長される。工具は鋭い開口端147を持つ 二重内腔の管状針の形をしており、その開口端を通る胆のう内容物は引き出され て環状バルーン146はそれと通じる工具の内腔を通して膨張される(図45参 照)。
一旦工具が胆のうの内容物を取り出すと、バルーン146は膨張されて、胆のう と内部握持係合する。次に工具を操作し、つまり腹部空洞内で胆のうを移動させ たり、図43の矢印で示すように腹部空洞から胆のうを引き出したりする。胆の うの大きさ次第で、器官を除去する場合に、工具が貫通して延びる切開を若干拡 大させる必要がある。鉗子は胆のうから解放されて、胆のうの膨張、操作、また は腹部空洞からの引出しを可能にする。全手順は内視鏡136を通して観測され る。
図45の装置は、図44の装置に対応するが、工具144aの管状針はバルーン 146aを膨張させるために一つだけの内腔を有し、また針はバルーンを通って 完全に延びない点で相違する。つまり、図45の実施例は胆のう内を空にするた めには使用することができない。
図46の実施例は図38の実施例に対応するが、管148はバルーンに対し密封 されかつバルーン130aを通して完全に延び、内視鏡136をバルーンを貫通 して延出させるようになっている。図46の実施例では、胆のう128はノ<バ ルーンを通してではなく直接観測される。
■ 上記から、本発明は通気なしに腹壁を収縮させる改良された技術を提供すること が明白であると思う。また本は発明は改良された手術上の技術をも提供する。し かし、言うまでもなく、本発明は図示の実施例に限定されず、むしろ請求の範囲 によって定義される。
FIG、 8 FIG、26 FIG、 46 補正書の写しく翻訳文)提出書(特許法第184条の8)平成5年11月29日

Claims (54)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 1.腹膜を収縮させるために腹壁を持ち上げる方法であって、 (a)腹壁内に小開口を形成する段階と、(b)腹壁の下に持ち上げ装置を置く ように収縮状態下で開口を通して前記持ち上げ装置を挿入する段階と、(c)腹 壁の広範囲な区域に係合するように前記持ち上げ装置を引き延ばす段階と、 (d)前記持ち上げ装置で腹壁を持ち上げる段階とを含むことを特徴とする方法 。
  2. 2.(a)前記持ち上げ装置の少なくとも1部分は、前記持ち上げ装置が腹壁の 下に置かれた状態に挿入されるとき腹壁の外部に延出し、 (b)腹壁は前記部分に機械的力を加えることによって持ち上げられる、ことを 特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
  3. 3.(a)前記持ち上げ装置は末端部分を持つ細長いロッドを含み、 (b)前記持ち上げ装置は穴開けを通して腹壁の下に末端部分を送るように挿入 されることを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
  4. 4.前記ロッドの末端部分が前記ロッドが組織を妨害しないように組織を遮へい するためにバルーンを膨張可能な状態で終端させることを特徴とする請求項3記 載の方法。
  5. 5.(a)前記持ち上げ装置は細長いロッドを含み、(b)前記持ち上げ装置は 、前記ロッドを腹壁の開口を経て延出させることによって、腹壁の下側で拡開さ れることを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
  6. 6.前記ロッドは腹壁を持ち上げるために上昇させられることを特徴とする請求 項5記載の方法。
  7. 7.前記ロッドは腹壁を持ち上げるために曲げられることを特徴とする請求項5 記載の方法。
  8. 8.前記ロッドは横方向のオフセット部を有し、前記ロッドを回転して腹壁を持 ち上げることを特徴とする請求項5記載の方法。
  9. 9.(a)前記持ち上げ装置は細長いロッドを有し、前記ロッドの遠端に膨張可 能なバルーンを具えており、(b)前記持ち上げ装置は開口を経て腹壁の下にバ ルーンを置くように挿入され、 (c)前記持ち上げ装置はバルーンを膨張させることによって腹壁の下側に延出 されることを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
  10. 10.(a)前記持ち上げ装置は相互に平行関係に置かれた第1脚、および前記 第1脚から横方向に延出する第2脚を具えた1対の角度づけ素子を含み、(b) 前記持ち上げ装置は開口を通して腹壁の下側に第2脚を置くように挿入され、 (c)前記持ち上げ装置は第2脚を動かして前記第2脚を相互に分離させるため に前記第1脚を相互に回転することによって延出されることを特徴とする請求項 2記載の方法。
  11. 11.(a)前記第2脚は同第2脚に固定される膨張式バルーンを有し、 (b)前記持ち上げ装置はバルーンを膨張させることによって更に延長されるこ とを特徴とする請求項10記載の方法。
  12. 12.(a)前記持ち上げ装置は発光器を含み、(b)前記発光器は持ち上げら れた腹壁の下を照射するように付勢されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法 。
  13. 13.(a)前記持ち上げ装置はバルーンを含み、および(b)腹壁はバルーン を膨張させることによって持ち上げられることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法 。
  14. 14.(a)前記バルーンはロッドの対向端に配置される1対のバルーン素子を 含み、 (b)前記持ち上げ装置は腹壁に対して平行して前記ロッドを配置するように挿 入されることを特徴とする請求項13記載の方法。
  15. 15.前記バルーンは開口中央部分を持つ1次環状バルーン素子と、前記1次環 状素子内に配置されて同1次環状素子を横方向に延出するように膨張可能な2次 バルーン素子とから成ることを特徴とする請求項13記載の方法。
  16. 16.前記バルーンは開口中央部分を持つ1次環状バルーン素子と、バルーンが 腹壁を持ち上げるように膨張されるとき身体の組織を覆うためその両端に延長す る膜とから成ることを特徴とする請求項13記載の方法。
  17. 17.前記バルーンがU形をしていることを特徴とする請求項13記載の方法。
  18. 18.膜が前記U形バルーン素子を横切って延出し、バルーンが腹壁を持ち上げ るように膨張されるとき身体の組織を覆うことを特徴とする請求項17記載の方 法。
  19. 19.(a)周囲に環状さやを持つ針によって、腹壁を突き刺し、かつ針により 形成された穴開け内の定位置にさやを残しながら針を引き出す段階と、 (b)さやを通してガイド線を延出させ、次にさやを取り除く段階と、 (c)ガイド線に隣接する腹壁内に小切開を作る段階と、(d)ガイド線上で延 出しかつ切開部を通る環状さやを持つ拡張器を前進させる段階と、 (e)切開内部の定位置にさやを残しながら、ガイド線および拡張器を引き出す 段階とによって開口が形成される、ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
  20. 20.腹部空洞から胆のうを除去する方法であり、前記方法は (a)腹部空洞に全体として弾力のない圧縮バルーンを腹腔鏡を用いて挿入し、 かつ肝臓と胆のうに接近できるようにバルーンを膨張させる段階と、 (b)前記圧縮バルーンの外部に胆のうを腹腔鏡を用いて握持し、かつ身体から 胆のうを引き出す段階とを含むことを特徴とする方法。
  21. 21.前記圧縮バルーンは透明で、内視鏡は胆のうを観測するために前記圧縮バ ルーンを通して延出されることを特徴とする請求項20記載の方法。
  22. 22.胆のうを観測するために圧縮バルーンを通して内視鏡を延長することを特 徴とする請求項20記載の方法。
  23. 23.胆のうを捧持した後腹腔鏡を引き抜く場合に、(a)胆のうを外部から握 持する段階と、(b)胆のう内部に握持バルーンを置くように前記握持バルーン を取り付ける針を具えた腹腔鏡で胆のうを突き刺す段階と、 (c)胆のう内部で握持するように前記握持バルーンを膨張させる段階と、 (d)胆のうに係合した針を操作する段階と、(e)針が係合した胆のうを針と ともに身体から引き出す段階とによって腹腔鏡で引き出される、ことを特徴とす る請求項20記載の方法。
  24. 24.胆のうが前記握持バルーンを膨張させる前に針を通してドレーン(dra in)されることを特徴とする請求項23記載の方法。
  25. 25.腹膜収縮のために腹壁を持ち上げる装置であって、(a)腹壁の小切開を 通して挿入し得る腹壁係合装置であり、前記装置は腹壁の広い区域に係合し得る ように腹壁の下に拡大し得る腹壁係合装置、および(b)前記係合装置を通して 腹壁に持ち上げ力を与える持ち上げ装置を含むことを特徴とする持ち上げ装置。
  26. 26.(a)前記係合装置は膨張により腹壁の広い区域と横方向に係合するよう に形成された弾性のないたわみ材料で作れた1次バルーン、および (b)前記持ち上げ装置は前記1次バルーンを選択的に腹壁に対してバルーン押 しつけて持ち上げ力を印加することを特徴とする請求項25記載の装置。
  27. 27.前記バルーンは持ち上げ装置を提供するために選択的に膨張可能であるこ とを特徴とする請求項26記載の装置。
  28. 28.前記バルーンは透明であり、前記持ち上げ装置は、前記バルーン内に置か れた内視鏡を含むことを特徴とする請求項27記載の装置。
  29. 29.前記バルーンは内視鏡を完全に延ばすようにさせる延長装置を含むことを 特徴とする請求項27記載の装置。
  30. 30.前記持ち上げ装置は前記バルーンに固着されかつ腹壁の穴開け口を通って 延長し得る細長い素子を含むことを特徴とする請求項26記載の装置。
  31. 31.前記バルーンはドーナツ形であり、また膜が前記バルーンを横断するよう に延在し、前記バルーンが腹壁の下に拡大されるとき身体の組織を覆うことを特 徴とする請求項26記載の装置。
  32. 32.前記バルーンはU形であり、かつ膜が前記バルーンを横断するように延在 し、前記バルーンが腹壁の下に引き延ばされるときに身体の組織を覆うことを特 徴とする請求項26記載の持ち上げ装置。
  33. 33.(a)前記バルーンは複数の積み重なったドーナツ形のチャンバを含み、 (b)前記チャンバは前記持ち上げ装置を提供するために選択的に膨張可能であ ることを特徴とする請求項26記載の装置。
  34. 34.前記バルーンが膨張されているとき、ドーナツ形のチャンバを横切るよう に前記バルーンに固定された膜を含むことを特徴とする請求項33記載の装置。
  35. 35.膜はそれを通して接近できるように開口が付けられることを特徴とする請 求項34記載の装置。
  36. 36.前記バルーンはドーナツ形であり、前記持ち上げは前記1次バルーン内に 2次バルーンを含み、前記2次バルーンは前記1次バルーンを側方に延長させる ように膨張可能であることを特徴とする請求項26記載の装置。
  37. 37.(a)前記バルーンは複数の積み重なったU形チャンバを含み、 (b)前記チャンバは前記持ち上げ装置を提供するように選択的に膨張可能であ ることを特徴とする請求項26記載の装置。
  38. 38.バルーンが膨張されるとき前記U形チャンバを横切るように延長して前記 バルーンに固定された膜をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項37記載の持ち上 げ装置。
  39. 39.前記膜を通して接近を可能にするように穴が開けられていることを特徴と する請求項38記載の装置。
  40. 40.前記持ち上げ装置は、 (a)腹壁係合装置に固定されて、前記係合装置が腹壁の広い区域に係合するた めに拡大されるとき、腹壁を通して延長可能な素子と、 (b)前記素子に取り付けることができるアームと、(c)前記アームを取り付 ける持ち上げ装置であり、前記持ち上げ装置は腹壁に固定関係で取り付けられか つ選択的に前記アームを上下させる働きをする持ち上げ装置とを含むことを特徴 とする請求項24記載の装置。
  41. 41.前記係合装置は相対的に移動し得る1対の角度づけ素子を含み、前記素子 は平行関係に置かれた第1脚と、前記第1脚を相対的に回転して扇形に広がるよ うに前記第1脚から横方向に延びる第2脚とを有することを特徴とする請求項2 5記載の装置。
  42. 42.前記第2脚によって選ばれる選択的に膨張可能なバルーンをさらに含むこ とを特徴とする請求項41記載の装置。
  43. 43.前記係合装置が発光照射装置を保持することを特徴とする請求項25記載 の装置。
  44. 44.(a)前記係合装置は腹壁を通りかつそれを横切って延長するに十分な長 さをもった中間部分と、前記中間部分が腹壁を通りかつそれを横切って延出する ときに腹壁の対向側部から外方に延出するように形成された近接端とを含み、 (b)前記持ち上げ装置はロッドを上げられた状態に支持するためにロッドの遠 端および近接端に係合し得る支持素子を含むことを特徴とする請求項25記載の 装置。
  45. 45.(a)前記係合装置は腹壁を通りかつそれを横切って延びることができる 細長いロッドを含み、(b)前記持ち上げ装置はロッドを持ち上げるために腹部 を通って延びることができる素子を含むことを特徴とする請求項25記載の装置 。
  46. 46.(a)前記係合装置は腹壁を通りかつそれを横切って延長するに十分な長 さをもった中間部分と、前記中間部分が腹壁を通りかつそれを横切って延長する ときに腹壁の対向側部から延出するように形成された近接端および遠端を含み、 前記中央部分は前記近接端および前記遠端に関して横方向にオフセットされ、ま た(b)持ち上げ装置は末端および近接端と結合し得る支持素子を含み、そのよ うに支持される間にロッドを回転させる装置を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項2 5記載の装置。
  47. 47.(a)前記係合装置は、腹壁を通りかつそれを横切って延出するに十分な 長さをもった中間部分と、前記中間部分が腹壁を通りかつそれを横切って延出す るときに腹壁の対向側部から延出するように形成された近接端および遠端とを持 つ細長いロッドを有し、前記中間部分は加熱されると前記近接端および前記遠端 に関して横方向にオフセットされた位置を取ることができる形状記憶合金で作ら れており、 (b)前記持ち上げ装置はロッドを上げられた状態に支持するために、ロッドの 前記遠端および前記近接端と結合し得る支持素子と、ロッドの中間部分に熱を与 える加熱器とを含むことを特徴とする請求項25記載の装置。
  48. 48.腹部空洞から胆のうを引き出す引き出し装置であって、 (a)腹部空洞に腹腔鏡を挿入し得ると共に肝臓を圧縮しかつ胆のうを移動させ てこれに近接するように膨張させる圧縮バルーンと、 (b)胆のうを握持して腹部空洞から引き出すために圧縮バルーンを腹部空洞に 外部から腹腔鏡で挿入し得る握持装置とを含むことを特徴とする装置。
  49. 49.前記バルーンは弾性のない材料で作られた透明なたわみバルーンを含み、 前記引き出し装置はさらに(a)腹部空洞内で膨張しながら内視鏡を前記バルー ンに挿入させる通路装置と、 (b)前記バルーンを観測するために通路装置を経て前記バルーンに挿入し得る 内視鏡とを含むことを特徴とする請求項48記載の装置。
  50. 50.(a)腹部空洞内で膨張される間に、バルーンをと押して内視鏡を延長さ せる通路装置、 (b)前記通路装置を通して延長し得る内視鏡とをさらに含むことを特徴とする 請求項48記載の装置。
  51. 51.前記握持装置は (a)胆のうを突き刺す鋭い末端を持つ細長い管状軸と、(b)胆のうに挿入し かつ胆のうを内部的に握持係合するように拡大するために軸が担持するバルーン とを含むことを特徴とする請求項48記載の装置。
  52. 52.胆のうに軸が入るとき胆のうの内容物を軸に入れるようにするため、軸に 作られた開口をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項51記載の装置。
  53. 53.胆のうを腹部空洞から除去する握持装置であり、前記握持装置は (a)胆のうを突き刺す鋭い末端を持つ細長い管状軸と、(b)胆のうに挿入し かつ胆のうを内部的に握持係合するように拡大するため、軸が担持するバルーン とをさらに含むことを特徴とする装置。
  54. 54.胆のうに軸が入ったとき、胆のうの内容物を軸の方に引くために軸に形成 された開口をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項53記載の装置。
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ATE236576T1 (de) 2003-04-15
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US5370134A (en) 1994-12-06
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