JPH0456078B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0456078B2 JPH0456078B2 JP57138372A JP13837282A JPH0456078B2 JP H0456078 B2 JPH0456078 B2 JP H0456078B2 JP 57138372 A JP57138372 A JP 57138372A JP 13837282 A JP13837282 A JP 13837282A JP H0456078 B2 JPH0456078 B2 JP H0456078B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- group
- zone
- temperature
- metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001577 simple distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/107—Atmospheric residues having a boiling point of at least about 538 °C
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
ãçºæã®è©³çŽ°ãªèª¬æã
æ¬çºæã¯ãåææ²¹ã®æ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±åã³æ°ŽçŽ åè±
ç¡«æ³ãç¹ã«å€éåºå©çšã«ããæ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±åã³æ°Ž
çŽ åè±ç¡«æ³ã«é¢ããã
ç¡«æ³ãç¹ã«å€éåºå©çšã«ããæ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±åã³æ°Ž
çŽ åè±ç¡«æ³ã«é¢ããã
ç³æ²¹ã®äžççäŸçµŠéãæžã€ãŠããããã軜質補
åã«ç²Ÿè£œããããšã容æã§ãªããšæããããããª
åææ²¹ãå©çšããããåŸãªãçŸç¶ã§ããããã®ã
ããªé質åææ²¹ã®äŸã¯ããã€åæ²¹ãã¢ã©ãã¢é質
åæ²¹ãã«ãªããªã«ãã¢ã»ãµã³ã»ãžãšã¢ãã³åæ²¹å
ã³çš®ã ã®ãããºãšã©ç£åæ²¹ã§ããããããã®åæ²¹
ã¯æ°ŽçŽ 察ççŽ æ¯ãäœããéçåæ°ŽçŽ å€Ÿéç©å«æç
ãé«ãã®ãç¹åŸŽã§ããããããã®å€Ÿéç©ã«ã¯ãç¡«
é»ãçªçŽ ãªãã³ã«éå±ãç¹ã«ãã«ãã€ãªã³åã³ã¢
ã¹ãã¢ã«ãã³ã®ãããªçš®ã ã®å¯æº¶æ§ã®ææ©éå±å
åç©ã®åœ¢ã®éãããã±ã«åã³ãããžãŠã ãå å«ã
ããã
åã«ç²Ÿè£œããããšã容æã§ãªããšæããããããª
åææ²¹ãå©çšããããåŸãªãçŸç¶ã§ããããã®ã
ããªé質åææ²¹ã®äŸã¯ããã€åæ²¹ãã¢ã©ãã¢é質
åæ²¹ãã«ãªããªã«ãã¢ã»ãµã³ã»ãžãšã¢ãã³åæ²¹å
ã³çš®ã ã®ãããºãšã©ç£åæ²¹ã§ããããããã®åæ²¹
ã¯æ°ŽçŽ 察ççŽ æ¯ãäœããéçåæ°ŽçŽ å€Ÿéç©å«æç
ãé«ãã®ãç¹åŸŽã§ããããããã®å€Ÿéç©ã«ã¯ãç¡«
é»ãçªçŽ ãªãã³ã«éå±ãç¹ã«ãã«ãã€ãªã³åã³ã¢
ã¹ãã¢ã«ãã³ã®ãããªçš®ã ã®å¯æº¶æ§ã®ææ©éå±å
åç©ã®åœ¢ã®éãããã±ã«åã³ãããžãŠã ãå å«ã
ããã
ç¡«é»ãéå±ãå
±ã«çŸåŸã®ç²Ÿè£œå·¥çšã«ããã觊åª
掻æ§ãäœäžãããã®ã§ããããã®å€Ÿéç©ãå«ãå
ææ²¹ãåŠçããéã«ã¯ãç¡«é»åã³éå±ããªãã¹ã
æ©ãææã«é€å»ããã®ãæãŸãããéå±ã®å Žåã«
ã¯ããã®å€±æŽ»ã¯å ãžæ»ããªãåŸåãæããããŸ
ããççŒã®éã借éç©ã®å°ãªã補åã¯ãåŸççŒåŠ
çãããã»ã©å¿ èŠãšããã«ç°å¢çã«èš±å®¹ãããæ
æ°ã¬ã¹ãåŸãããã
掻æ§ãäœäžãããã®ã§ããããã®å€Ÿéç©ãå«ãå
ææ²¹ãåŠçããéã«ã¯ãç¡«é»åã³éå±ããªãã¹ã
æ©ãææã«é€å»ããã®ãæãŸãããéå±ã®å Žåã«
ã¯ããã®å€±æŽ»ã¯å ãžæ»ããªãåŸåãæããããŸ
ããççŒã®éã借éç©ã®å°ãªã補åã¯ãåŸççŒåŠ
çãããã»ã©å¿ èŠãšããã«ç°å¢çã«èš±å®¹ãããæ
æ°ã¬ã¹ãåŸãããã
åææ²¹ããéå±åã³ç¡«é»ãé€å»ããå€æ°ã®æ¹æ³
ãå ¬ç¥ã§ãããç°¡åãªèžçã«ãã€ãŠè»œè³ªçåæ°ŽçŽ
ã®å€§éšåãé€ããã溶å€æœåºæ³ã«ãã€ãŠç¡«é»åã³
éå±ãé«æ¿åºŠã§å«ãã¢ã¹ãã¢ã«ãã³çåãé€å»ã§
ãããæ°ŽçŽ å転åæ³ãè±ç¡«ã®ç®çã§åºãçšãã
ãããããã®æ¹æ³ã§éå±ãåæ§ã«é€å»ããããã
ããã®éå±ã¯ãè±ç¡«çšè§Šåªã®è¡šé¢äžã«æ²ç©ããŠè§Š
åªã倱掻ããããæ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±ã®ããã®ç 究ãæ
è¿çãã«è¡ãããããã«ãªã€ããåææ²¹ãã倧éš
åã®éå±ãé€å»ãã觊åªã補é ãããããã«ãªã€
ããåææ²¹ãè±éå±åããããã®ã¢ã«ããã«æ¯æ
ãããçš®ã ã®è§Šåªãå ¬ç¥ã§ãããããžã³ã¹ããŒ
ïŒRosinskiïŒãã«ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3876523å·ã«ã¯ã
ç³æ²¹ç³»æ®æž£æ²¹ãè±éå±åã³è±ç¡«ã«æçšãªè§Šåªãé
瀺ãããŠããã該åå¿ã¯ç¬¬ïŒ¢æåã³ç¬¬æéå±
ãå«ãã¢ã«ããåºå€è§Šåªãšæ°ŽçŽ ãšãçšããŠè¡ãã
ãããã®è§Šåªã®çŽ°å容ç©ã®å°ãªããšã60ïŒ ã¯çŽåŸ
ã100ã200â«ã®çŽ°åã§å ããããå°ãªããšãïŒïŒ
ã¯çŽåŸã500â«ä»¥äžã®çŽ°åã§å ããããå°ãªããš
ãïŒïŒ ã¯çŽåŸã40â«ä»¥äžã®çŽ°åã§å ãããããã
ãŠè§Šåªã®è¡šé¢ç©ã¯40ã150m2ïŒïœã奜ãŸãã¯æé«
çŽ110m2ïŒïœã§ããã
ãå ¬ç¥ã§ãããç°¡åãªèžçã«ãã€ãŠè»œè³ªçåæ°ŽçŽ
ã®å€§éšåãé€ããã溶å€æœåºæ³ã«ãã€ãŠç¡«é»åã³
éå±ãé«æ¿åºŠã§å«ãã¢ã¹ãã¢ã«ãã³çåãé€å»ã§
ãããæ°ŽçŽ å転åæ³ãè±ç¡«ã®ç®çã§åºãçšãã
ãããããã®æ¹æ³ã§éå±ãåæ§ã«é€å»ããããã
ããã®éå±ã¯ãè±ç¡«çšè§Šåªã®è¡šé¢äžã«æ²ç©ããŠè§Š
åªã倱掻ããããæ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±ã®ããã®ç 究ãæ
è¿çãã«è¡ãããããã«ãªã€ããåææ²¹ãã倧éš
åã®éå±ãé€å»ãã觊åªã補é ãããããã«ãªã€
ããåææ²¹ãè±éå±åããããã®ã¢ã«ããã«æ¯æ
ãããçš®ã ã®è§Šåªãå ¬ç¥ã§ãããããžã³ã¹ããŒ
ïŒRosinskiïŒãã«ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3876523å·ã«ã¯ã
ç³æ²¹ç³»æ®æž£æ²¹ãè±éå±åã³è±ç¡«ã«æçšãªè§Šåªãé
瀺ãããŠããã該åå¿ã¯ç¬¬ïŒ¢æåã³ç¬¬æéå±
ãå«ãã¢ã«ããåºå€è§Šåªãšæ°ŽçŽ ãšãçšããŠè¡ãã
ãããã®è§Šåªã®çŽ°å容ç©ã®å°ãªããšã60ïŒ ã¯çŽåŸ
ã100ã200â«ã®çŽ°åã§å ããããå°ãªããšãïŒïŒ
ã¯çŽåŸã500â«ä»¥äžã®çŽ°åã§å ããããå°ãªããš
ãïŒïŒ ã¯çŽåŸã40â«ä»¥äžã®çŽ°åã§å ãããããã
ãŠè§Šåªã®è¡šé¢ç©ã¯40ã150m2ïŒïœã奜ãŸãã¯æé«
çŽ110m2ïŒïœã§ããã
å¥ã®ã¢ã«ããç³»è±éå±çšè§Šåªããã ïŒKimïŒ
ãã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4257922å·ã«é瀺ãããŠãããã
ã®è§Šåªæ¯æäœã¯ãã¢ãŒããäºã€æãã现åååžã
ç¹åŸŽãšããå°ããæ¹ã®çŽ°åã®å¹³åçŽåŸã¯çŽ100ã
200â«ã奜ãŸããã¯120ã140â«ã§ããã倧ããæ¹
ã®çŽ°åã®å¹³åçŽåŸã¯1000â«ä»¥äžã§ããã
ãã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4257922å·ã«é瀺ãããŠãããã
ã®è§Šåªæ¯æäœã¯ãã¢ãŒããäºã€æãã现åååžã
ç¹åŸŽãšããå°ããæ¹ã®çŽ°åã®å¹³åçŽåŸã¯çŽ100ã
200â«ã奜ãŸããã¯120ã140â«ã§ããã倧ããæ¹
ã®çŽ°åã®å¹³åçŽåŸã¯1000â«ä»¥äžã§ããã
ã€ããŒã«ïŒInookïŒãã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4196102å·
ã¯ãé·ç§»éå±åã³åšæ衚第æéå±ãããªã矀
ããéžã°ããïŒçš®åã¯ãã以äžã®éå±ãç¹ç¶ç¶ã®
çªé žãã°ãã·ãŠã ã¯ã¬ãŒã§ããã»ããªã©ã€ã
ïŒsepioliteïŒäžã«æ¯æããŠãªãçåæ°ŽçŽ ã®æ°ŽçŽ å
åŠççšè§Šåªãé瀺ããŠããã
ã¯ãé·ç§»éå±åã³åšæ衚第æéå±ãããªã矀
ããéžã°ããïŒçš®åã¯ãã以äžã®éå±ãç¹ç¶ç¶ã®
çªé žãã°ãã·ãŠã ã¯ã¬ãŒã§ããã»ããªã©ã€ã
ïŒsepioliteïŒäžã«æ¯æããŠãªãçåæ°ŽçŽ ã®æ°ŽçŽ å
åŠççšè§Šåªãé瀺ããŠããã
å å·¥åŠçãé²ããåã«ç¡«é»åã³éå±ãé€å»ãã
ããã®çš®ã ã®å€éåºåŒåŠçæ©æ§ãå ¬ç¥ã§ãããã
ã³ã¹ã¬ãŒïŒHensleyïŒãã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4212729å·
ã«ã¯ãã¢ã¹ãã¢ã«ãã³åã³å®è³ªéã®éå±ãå«ãé
質çåæ°ŽçŽ æµã®äºæ®µåŒæ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«é»éå±æ³ãé瀺
ãããŠããããã®æ¹æ³ã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã¯ã倧圢现åã®
é«è¡šé¢ç©ç¡æ©é žåç©æ¯æäœäžã«æ²ç©ãããã第
æåã³ïŒåã¯ïŒç¬¬æããéžã°ããæ°ŽçŽ åçšé
å±ãå«ãè±éå±çšè§Šåªåã³æ°ŽçŽ ãšãåææ²¹ãšã第
ïŒåå¿åž¯åã§æ¥è§Šãããããšãããªãããã®ç¬¬ïŒ
段éã¯ãã¢ã«ãããããªãæ¯èŒçå°åœ¢ã®çŽ°åãæ
ãã觊åªçã«æŽ»æ§ãªæ¯æäœã«æ²ç©ããã觊åªãšç¬¬
ïŒæ®µéããã®æµåºç©ãšãæ¥è§Šãããããšãããª
ãããããŠè©²ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã®è§Šåªã¯ãçŽ150ãçŽ300
m2ïŒïœã®è¡šé¢ç©ãæãããã®çŽ°å容ç©ã®éåéšã
çŽåŸçŽ80ãçŽ130â«ã®çŽ°åã§å ãããããããŠè§Š
åªã®çŽ°å容ç©ã¯çŽ0.4ãçŽ0.9c.c.ïŒïœã®ç¯å²å ã§ã
ãã
ããã®çš®ã ã®å€éåºåŒåŠçæ©æ§ãå ¬ç¥ã§ãããã
ã³ã¹ã¬ãŒïŒHensleyïŒãã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4212729å·
ã«ã¯ãã¢ã¹ãã¢ã«ãã³åã³å®è³ªéã®éå±ãå«ãé
質çåæ°ŽçŽ æµã®äºæ®µåŒæ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«é»éå±æ³ãé瀺
ãããŠããããã®æ¹æ³ã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã¯ã倧圢现åã®
é«è¡šé¢ç©ç¡æ©é žåç©æ¯æäœäžã«æ²ç©ãããã第
æåã³ïŒåã¯ïŒç¬¬æããéžã°ããæ°ŽçŽ åçšé
å±ãå«ãè±éå±çšè§Šåªåã³æ°ŽçŽ ãšãåææ²¹ãšã第
ïŒåå¿åž¯åã§æ¥è§Šãããããšãããªãããã®ç¬¬ïŒ
段éã¯ãã¢ã«ãããããªãæ¯èŒçå°åœ¢ã®çŽ°åãæ
ãã觊åªçã«æŽ»æ§ãªæ¯æäœã«æ²ç©ããã觊åªãšç¬¬
ïŒæ®µéããã®æµåºç©ãšãæ¥è§Šãããããšãããª
ãããããŠè©²ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã®è§Šåªã¯ãçŽ150ãçŽ300
m2ïŒïœã®è¡šé¢ç©ãæãããã®çŽ°å容ç©ã®éåéšã
çŽåŸçŽ80ãçŽ130â«ã®çŽ°åã§å ãããããããŠè§Š
åªã®çŽ°å容ç©ã¯çŽ0.4ãçŽ0.9c.c.ïŒïœã®ç¯å²å ã§ã
ãã
ãã¯ã€ïŒFukuiïŒãã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4166026å·ã«
ã¯ãã¢ã¹ãã¢ã«ãã³åã³ééå±ãå«ãé質çåæ°Ž
çŽ æ²¹ã®æ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«æ³ãé瀺ãããŠããããã®é質
æ²¹ã¯é£ç¶åŒäºå·¥çšæ³ã§æ°ŽçŽ ååŠçãããã第ïŒå·¥
çšã§ã¯ãç¬ç¹ã®éžææ§ãæãã觊åªãå©çšããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠé質油ã«å¯Ÿããè±éå±åŠçåã³ã¢ã¹ã
ã¢ã«ãã³ã®éžæçå解åŠçãæœãã第ïŒå·¥çšã§
ã¯ã第ïŒå·¥çšããã®æµåºç©ãæ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«ããã®ã«
ç¹ã«é©ãã觊åªãçšããããšã«ããã該æµåºç©ã«
察ããæ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«åŠçãæœããŠé«å質ã®è±ç¡«æ²¹ã
çæããã
ã¯ãã¢ã¹ãã¢ã«ãã³åã³ééå±ãå«ãé質çåæ°Ž
çŽ æ²¹ã®æ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«æ³ãé瀺ãããŠããããã®é質
æ²¹ã¯é£ç¶åŒäºå·¥çšæ³ã§æ°ŽçŽ ååŠçãããã第ïŒå·¥
çšã§ã¯ãç¬ç¹ã®éžææ§ãæãã觊åªãå©çšããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠé質油ã«å¯Ÿããè±éå±åŠçåã³ã¢ã¹ã
ã¢ã«ãã³ã®éžæçå解åŠçãæœãã第ïŒå·¥çšã§
ã¯ã第ïŒå·¥çšããã®æµåºç©ãæ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«ããã®ã«
ç¹ã«é©ãã觊åªãçšããããšã«ããã該æµåºç©ã«
察ããæ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«åŠçãæœããŠé«å質ã®è±ç¡«æ²¹ã
çæããã
æåã«åææ²¹ãè±éå±çšã®è§Šåªãšæ¥è§Šããã次
ã«è±ç¡«çšã®è§Šåªã«æ¥è§Šãããäºæ®µåŒã®æ¥è§Šæ°ŽçŽ å
è±éå±ïŒè±ç¡«æ³ã«ãããŠããã第ïŒè§Šåªåž¯åã第
ïŒè§Šåªåž¯åãããé«ãå¹³å枩床ã«ä¿ã€ãªãã°ãé
垯åãåãå¹³å枩床ã«ä¿ã€ãå Žåããã借éç©å«
æéã®äœãçæç©ãåŸãããç³»å šäœã®èçšå¯¿åœã
é·ããªãããšãçºèŠããã
ã«è±ç¡«çšã®è§Šåªã«æ¥è§Šãããäºæ®µåŒã®æ¥è§Šæ°ŽçŽ å
è±éå±ïŒè±ç¡«æ³ã«ãããŠããã第ïŒè§Šåªåž¯åã第
ïŒè§Šåªåž¯åãããé«ãå¹³å枩床ã«ä¿ã€ãªãã°ãé
垯åãåãå¹³å枩床ã«ä¿ã€ãå Žåããã借éç©å«
æéã®äœãçæç©ãåŸãããç³»å šäœã®èçšå¯¿åœã
é·ããªãããšãçºèŠããã
æ¬çºæã«ãããç¡«é»ãšéå±ãšã®äž¡æ¹ãå«ãçå
æ°ŽçŽ ç³»ã®åææ²¹ãå€éåŒè§Šåªåºäžã«éããŠåææ²¹
ãæ°ŽçŽ å転åããæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã該æ¹æ³ã«ã
ããŠã¯ãåºäžã«éã®æž©åºŠåŸé ãç¶æãããã
æ°ŽçŽ ç³»ã®åææ²¹ãå€éåŒè§Šåªåºäžã«éããŠåææ²¹
ãæ°ŽçŽ å転åããæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã該æ¹æ³ã«ã
ããŠã¯ãåºäžã«éã®æž©åºŠåŸé ãç¶æãããã
éå±ãšç¡«é»ãšã®äž¡æ¹ãå«ãåææ²¹ãããããã®
借éç©ãé€å»ããæ¹æ³ãæ¬çºæã«ãã€ãŠæäŸãã
ããäºã€ã®åž¯åã«ãããŠåææ²¹ã觊åªãšæ¥è§Šãã
ããã第ïŒåž¯åã«ã¯è±éå±çšè§Šåªãå«ãŸãããã
ãŠç¬¬ïŒåž¯åã«ã¯è±ç¡«çšã®è§Šåªãå«ãŸããã第ïŒåž¯
åã®å¹³å枩床ã¯ã第ïŒåž¯åã®å¹³å枩床ãããå°ãª
ããšã15âé«ãããã
借éç©ãé€å»ããæ¹æ³ãæ¬çºæã«ãã€ãŠæäŸãã
ããäºã€ã®åž¯åã«ãããŠåææ²¹ã觊åªãšæ¥è§Šãã
ããã第ïŒåž¯åã«ã¯è±éå±çšè§Šåªãå«ãŸãããã
ãŠç¬¬ïŒåž¯åã«ã¯è±ç¡«çšã®è§Šåªãå«ãŸããã第ïŒåž¯
åã®å¹³å枩床ã¯ã第ïŒåž¯åã®å¹³å枩床ãããå°ãª
ããšã15âé«ãããã
æ¬çºæã«çšããåææ²¹ã¯ç¡«é»åã³éå±ãå«ãç
åæ°ŽçŽ ç³»ã®åææ²¹ã§ãããçåæ°ŽçŽ ç³»åææ²¹ã¯ã
ãã°ãã°0.5ïŒ ã®ç¡«é»ãå«ã¿ãæé«ïŒïŒ ãŸã§ã極
端ãªå Žåã«ã¯ïŒïŒ 以äžã®ç¡«é»ãšã35ppmã®éå±ã
æé«200ppmãŸã§ã極端ãªå Žåã«ã¯1000ppm以äž
ã®éå±ãå«ããç¹ã«æããã®ãªãéããæ¬æ现æž
ã«çšãããç¡«é»ã®ïŒ ãåã¯ãïŒ ãã¯ãåææ²¹ã«å«
ãŸããå šå çŽ ç¡«é»ã«åºã¥ãééïŒ ã瀺ããã®ãšã
ãããã®çš®ã®åææ²¹ã«ã¯ãåæ²¹ãæé åæ²¹ãåžžå§
åã³æžå§èžçæ®æž£æ²¹ã溶å€è±çæ²¹ãæ²¹æ¯é 岩åã³
ã¿ãŒã«ãµã³ãããæ¡ã€ãæ²¹åã³ç³ç液åæ²¹ãå å«
ããããæ¬çºæã®åææ²¹ã¯ããã°ãã°400ããã
ããæã«ã¯1000ããããããããªæ²žç¹ãæããã
åæ°ŽçŽ ç³»ã®åææ²¹ã§ãããçåæ°ŽçŽ ç³»åææ²¹ã¯ã
ãã°ãã°0.5ïŒ ã®ç¡«é»ãå«ã¿ãæé«ïŒïŒ ãŸã§ã極
端ãªå Žåã«ã¯ïŒïŒ 以äžã®ç¡«é»ãšã35ppmã®éå±ã
æé«200ppmãŸã§ã極端ãªå Žåã«ã¯1000ppm以äž
ã®éå±ãå«ããç¹ã«æããã®ãªãéããæ¬æ现æž
ã«çšãããç¡«é»ã®ïŒ ãåã¯ãïŒ ãã¯ãåææ²¹ã«å«
ãŸããå šå çŽ ç¡«é»ã«åºã¥ãééïŒ ã瀺ããã®ãšã
ãããã®çš®ã®åææ²¹ã«ã¯ãåæ²¹ãæé åæ²¹ãåžžå§
åã³æžå§èžçæ®æž£æ²¹ã溶å€è±çæ²¹ãæ²¹æ¯é 岩åã³
ã¿ãŒã«ãµã³ãããæ¡ã€ãæ²¹åã³ç³ç液åæ²¹ãå å«
ããããæ¬çºæã®åææ²¹ã¯ããã°ãã°400ããã
ããæã«ã¯1000ããããããããªæ²žç¹ãæããã
æ¬çºæã®åææ²¹ã¯ã第ïŒåž¯åã«ãããŠæ°ŽçŽ åè±
éå±çšã®è§Šåªãšæ¥è§ŠããåŸã第ïŒåž¯åã«ãããŠè±
ç¡«çšã®è§Šåªãšæ¥è§Šãããæ¬æ现æžã«ãããã第ïŒ
åã³ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åããšã¯æž©åºŠå¶åŸ¡ããã垯åãæå³ã
ããããªãã¡ã第ïŒåž¯åã¯ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åã«èŒã¹ãŠå°ãª
ããšã15âé«ãå¹³å枩床ãæããããã«ããã第
ïŒåž¯åã«ããã觊åªã¯ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åã®è§Šåªãšåãã§ã
ã€ãŠããããããŸãç»åž¯åã«ïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®è§Šåªãå«
ãããšãã§ããã
éå±çšã®è§Šåªãšæ¥è§ŠããåŸã第ïŒåž¯åã«ãããŠè±
ç¡«çšã®è§Šåªãšæ¥è§Šãããæ¬æ现æžã«ãããã第ïŒ
åã³ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åããšã¯æž©åºŠå¶åŸ¡ããã垯åãæå³ã
ããããªãã¡ã第ïŒåž¯åã¯ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åã«èŒã¹ãŠå°ãª
ããšã15âé«ãå¹³å枩床ãæããããã«ããã第
ïŒåž¯åã«ããã觊åªã¯ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åã®è§Šåªãšåãã§ã
ã€ãŠããããããŸãç»åž¯åã«ïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®è§Šåªãå«
ãããšãã§ããã
第ïŒåž¯åã®è§Šåªã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±çšè§ŠåªãšããŠ
確ç«ãããåšç¥ã®éšé¡ã«å±ããä»»æã®è§Šåªã§ãã€
ãŠãããã¢ã«ããäžã«æ¯æããã觊åªã¯å ¬ç¥ã§ã
ããæ¬æ现æžã«ãããŠ1000â«ä»¥äžã®çŽ°åãšããŠå®
矩ããã巚倧现åãå«ãŸããŠããããšãšã次åŒã§
èšç®ããã埮å°çŽ°åïŒçŽåŸã1000â«æªæºã®çŽ°åã
ããïŒã®å¹³åçŽåŸã100â«ä»¥äžã§ããããšãäžè¬
ã«ç¹åŸŽãšããïŒ å¹³å埮å°çŽ°åçŽåŸïŒïŒÃPVÃ104ïŒSA ïŒãã ããPVã¯c.c.ïŒïœã§è¡šããã觊åªã®åŸ®å°
现å容ç©ã§ããããããŠSAã¯m2ïŒïœã§è¡šããã
觊åªã®è¡šé¢ç©ã§ããïŒã
確ç«ãããåšç¥ã®éšé¡ã«å±ããä»»æã®è§Šåªã§ãã€
ãŠãããã¢ã«ããäžã«æ¯æããã觊åªã¯å ¬ç¥ã§ã
ããæ¬æ现æžã«ãããŠ1000â«ä»¥äžã®çŽ°åãšããŠå®
矩ããã巚倧现åãå«ãŸããŠããããšãšã次åŒã§
èšç®ããã埮å°çŽ°åïŒçŽåŸã1000â«æªæºã®çŽ°åã
ããïŒã®å¹³åçŽåŸã100â«ä»¥äžã§ããããšãäžè¬
ã«ç¹åŸŽãšããïŒ å¹³å埮å°çŽ°åçŽåŸïŒïŒÃPVÃ104ïŒSA ïŒãã ããPVã¯c.c.ïŒïœã§è¡šããã觊åªã®åŸ®å°
现å容ç©ã§ããããããŠSAã¯m2ïŒïœã§è¡šããã
觊åªã®è¡šé¢ç©ã§ããïŒã
ãã®çš®ã®è§Šåªã¯ã觊åªéå±ãç¹ã«å
çŽ åšæè¡šã®
第æåã³ç¬¬æã®é·ç§»éå±ãç¹å®çã«ã¯ã¢ãª
ããã³ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ãããã±ã«åã³ã³ãã«ãã
ããªã矀ã«å±ããéå±ãå«ãããšãã§ããã第
æéå±ã¯1.5ã20ééïŒ ã®éã§å«ãããšãã§ã
ãã第æéå±ã¯15ïŒ ãŸã§ã®éã§å«ãããšãã§ã
ããã¢ã«ããäžã«æ¯æãããæ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±çšè§Šåª
ã®ãªãã«ã¯ã第æéå±ãå šç¶å¿ èŠãšããªããã®
ãè¥å¹²ããã
第æåã³ç¬¬æã®é·ç§»éå±ãç¹å®çã«ã¯ã¢ãª
ããã³ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ãããã±ã«åã³ã³ãã«ãã
ããªã矀ã«å±ããéå±ãå«ãããšãã§ããã第
æéå±ã¯1.5ã20ééïŒ ã®éã§å«ãããšãã§ã
ãã第æéå±ã¯15ïŒ ãŸã§ã®éã§å«ãããšãã§ã
ããã¢ã«ããäžã«æ¯æãããæ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±çšè§Šåª
ã®ãªãã«ã¯ã第æéå±ãå šç¶å¿ èŠãšããªããã®
ãè¥å¹²ããã
ã¯ã¬ãŒäžã«æ¯æãããè±éå±çšè§Šåªãæ¬çºæã®
觊åªãšããŠå©çšã§ããããã®ãããªè§Šåªæ¯æäœ
ã¯ãã»ããªã©ã€ããã¢ã¿ãã«ãžã€ã€ã
ïŒattapulgiteïŒãããªãŽã«ã¹ã«ã€ã
ïŒpolygoruskiteïŒãã®ä»ã®ç¹ç¶ç¶çªé žãã°ãã·ãŠ
ã ã¯ã¬ãŒåã¯ããã€ãµã€ãïŒhalloysiteïŒãã®
ä»ã®ç¹ç¶ç¶ãããã¯ãããç¶ã®çªé žã¢ã«ãããŠã
ã¯ã¬ãŒãã補é ããããšãã§ããããããã®è§Š
åªã¯ãèšç®ã«ããå¹³å现åçŽåŸã倧ãããŠãã°ã
ã°200â«ããããããšãåã³å·šå€§çŽ°åãå°ãªããš
ããç©ççç¹åŸŽãæããŠããããããã®è§Šåªã¯ã
觊åªéå±ãç¹ã«ç¬¬æåã³ç¬¬æã®é·ç§»éå±ãç¹
å®çã«ã¯ã¢ãªããã³ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ãããã±ã«å
ã³ã³ãã«ããããªã矀ããéžã°ããéå±ãå«ãã
ãšãã§ããã
觊åªãšããŠå©çšã§ããããã®ãããªè§Šåªæ¯æäœ
ã¯ãã»ããªã©ã€ããã¢ã¿ãã«ãžã€ã€ã
ïŒattapulgiteïŒãããªãŽã«ã¹ã«ã€ã
ïŒpolygoruskiteïŒãã®ä»ã®ç¹ç¶ç¶çªé žãã°ãã·ãŠ
ã ã¯ã¬ãŒåã¯ããã€ãµã€ãïŒhalloysiteïŒãã®
ä»ã®ç¹ç¶ç¶ãããã¯ãããç¶ã®çªé žã¢ã«ãããŠã
ã¯ã¬ãŒãã補é ããããšãã§ããããããã®è§Š
åªã¯ãèšç®ã«ããå¹³å现åçŽåŸã倧ãããŠãã°ã
ã°200â«ããããããšãåã³å·šå€§çŽ°åãå°ãªããš
ããç©ççç¹åŸŽãæããŠããããããã®è§Šåªã¯ã
觊åªéå±ãç¹ã«ç¬¬æåã³ç¬¬æã®é·ç§»éå±ãç¹
å®çã«ã¯ã¢ãªããã³ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ãããã±ã«å
ã³ã³ãã«ããããªã矀ããéžã°ããéå±ãå«ãã
ãšãã§ããã
å®è³ªçãªæ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±æŽ»æ§ãæããä»ã®ä»»æã®
觊åªãæ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åã«çšããããšãã§ããã
æ¬æ现æžäžãå®è³ªçãªæ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±ç¹æ§ããšã¯ã
æ°ŽçŽ ååŠçæ¡ä»¶äžã§500æé以äžã«äºã€ãŠé£ç¶ç
ã«åææ²¹ã«å«ãŸããéå±åã®å°ãªããšã25ïŒ ãé€
å»ããèœåãæãããã®ãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããã
觊åªãæ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åã«çšããããšãã§ããã
æ¬æ现æžäžãå®è³ªçãªæ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±ç¹æ§ããšã¯ã
æ°ŽçŽ ååŠçæ¡ä»¶äžã§500æé以äžã«äºã€ãŠé£ç¶ç
ã«åææ²¹ã«å«ãŸããéå±åã®å°ãªããšã25ïŒ ãé€
å»ããèœåãæãããã®ãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããã
第ïŒåž¯åã®è§Šåªã¯ãå®è³ªçãªæ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«æŽ»æ§ã
瀺ãä»»æã®è§Šåªã§ãã€ãŠããããã°ãã°ãããã®
觊åªã¯ã¢ã«ãããåã¯ã·ãªã«ãããªã¢ããã¿ã
ã¢ããã°ãã·ã¢ãããã¯ä»ã®èç«æ§ç¡æ©é žåç©ãš
çµåããã¢ã«ããäžã«æ¯æãããèšç®ã«ããå¹³å
现åçŽåŸã50â«ä»¥äžã§ããã巚倧现åã®å°ãªãã
ãšãç¹åŸŽã§ãããå žåçã«ã¯ãè±ç¡«çšè§Šåªã¯è§Šåª
éå±ãæ¯èŒçå€éã«å«ãããšã«ãã€ãŠãåºæã®æŽ»
æ§åºŠãé«ããããããããã®è§Šåªéå±ã¯ç¬¬æå
ã³ç¬¬æã®é·ç§»éå±ãããªã矀ããéžã°ããã
瀺ãä»»æã®è§Šåªã§ãã€ãŠããããã°ãã°ãããã®
觊åªã¯ã¢ã«ãããåã¯ã·ãªã«ãããªã¢ããã¿ã
ã¢ããã°ãã·ã¢ãããã¯ä»ã®èç«æ§ç¡æ©é žåç©ãš
çµåããã¢ã«ããäžã«æ¯æãããèšç®ã«ããå¹³å
现åçŽåŸã50â«ä»¥äžã§ããã巚倧现åã®å°ãªãã
ãšãç¹åŸŽã§ãããå žåçã«ã¯ãè±ç¡«çšè§Šåªã¯è§Šåª
éå±ãæ¯èŒçå€éã«å«ãããšã«ãã€ãŠãåºæã®æŽ»
æ§åºŠãé«ããããããããã®è§Šåªéå±ã¯ç¬¬æå
ã³ç¬¬æã®é·ç§»éå±ãããªã矀ããéžã°ããã
å®è³ªçãªè±ç¡«æŽ»æ§ã瀺ãä»»æã®éå±ãçšããã
ãšãã§ãããæ¬æ现æžã§çšãããããå®è³ªçãªè±
ç¡«ããšã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååŠçæ¡ä»¶ã®äžã§å°ãªããšã500
æéåææ²¹ã«å«ãŸããç¡«é»åã®å°ãªããšã25ïŒ ã
é€å»ããã«å¿ èŠãªæŽ»æ§åºŠãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããã
ãšãã§ãããæ¬æ现æžã§çšãããããå®è³ªçãªè±
ç¡«ããšã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååŠçæ¡ä»¶ã®äžã§å°ãªããšã500
æéåææ²¹ã«å«ãŸããç¡«é»åã®å°ãªããšã25ïŒ ã
é€å»ããã«å¿ èŠãªæŽ»æ§åºŠãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããã
æ¬æ现æžã§çšããæ°ŽçŽ ååŠçæ¡ä»¶ãšã¯ãçåæ°Ž
çŽ ç³»åææ²¹ã®æ¥è§Šæ°ŽçŽ å転åãåŸããããããªåœ
æ¥çã§å ¬ç¥ã®æ¡ä»¶ããããã®ãšãããæ¬çºæã«ãš
ã€ãŠã®å žåçãªæ¡ä»¶ã¯ã第ïŒåž¯åã®å¹³å枩床ã
355°ã450âã第ïŒåž¯åã®å¹³å枩床ã340ã450â
ã§ãã€ãŠãäž¡è ã®éã«å°ãªããšã15âã®æž©åºŠå·®ã
ä¿ããããåææ²¹ã®ç©ºéé床ã¯0.1ã1.5ã§ããã
å šå§åã¯500ã3000psigã§ãããæ°ŽçŽ ã®åå§ã¯300
ã2800psigã§ãããæ°ŽçŽ åŸªç°é床ã¯2000ã
10000scfïŒbblã§ãããéåžžæ¥è§ŠæŽ»æ§åºŠãäœäžã
ãã«ã€ããŠãåå¿æ§œæž©åºŠãäžããããšã«ãããç
æç©ã«ã€ããŠã®ç¹å®ãããå質ïŒé垞借éç©ã®æ
倧容éïŒãäžå®ã«ä¿ã€ã
çŽ ç³»åææ²¹ã®æ¥è§Šæ°ŽçŽ å転åãåŸããããããªåœ
æ¥çã§å ¬ç¥ã®æ¡ä»¶ããããã®ãšãããæ¬çºæã«ãš
ã€ãŠã®å žåçãªæ¡ä»¶ã¯ã第ïŒåž¯åã®å¹³å枩床ã
355°ã450âã第ïŒåž¯åã®å¹³å枩床ã340ã450â
ã§ãã€ãŠãäž¡è ã®éã«å°ãªããšã15âã®æž©åºŠå·®ã
ä¿ããããåææ²¹ã®ç©ºéé床ã¯0.1ã1.5ã§ããã
å šå§åã¯500ã3000psigã§ãããæ°ŽçŽ ã®åå§ã¯300
ã2800psigã§ãããæ°ŽçŽ åŸªç°é床ã¯2000ã
10000scfïŒbblã§ãããéåžžæ¥è§ŠæŽ»æ§åºŠãäœäžã
ãã«ã€ããŠãåå¿æ§œæž©åºŠãäžããããšã«ãããç
æç©ã«ã€ããŠã®ç¹å®ãããå質ïŒé垞借éç©ã®æ
倧容éïŒãäžå®ã«ä¿ã€ã
è±éå±ãšè±ç¡«ãšã®äž¡æ¹ã«åã觊åªãçšããããš
ãã§ããã第ïŒåž¯åã«è£ å¡«ããã觊åªã¯ãè±ç¡«æŽ»
æ§åºŠãæ¯èŒçæ¥æ¿ã«å€±ãåŸåãæããããè±éå±
掻æ§ã¯ãã°ããã®éç¶æããããè±ç¡«åå¿ã¯ãç¡«
é»ãç¡«åæ°ŽçŽ ã«æ°ŽçŽ åããããã®åŸåå¿åž¯åãé
éããŠåå€ã«åºããã®ãšèæ ®ããããè±éå±åå¿
ã¯ã觊åªã®å€éšè¡šé¢åã¯å éšã®çŽ°åé¢ã«éå±ãæ²
ç©ããããåŸã€ãŠç¡«é»ãæ°ŽçŽ åãã觊åªã®æ§èœã
倱ãããŠããéå±ãäŸç¶ãšããŠæ²ç©ããã®ãèªã
ãããã
ãã§ããã第ïŒåž¯åã«è£ å¡«ããã觊åªã¯ãè±ç¡«æŽ»
æ§åºŠãæ¯èŒçæ¥æ¿ã«å€±ãåŸåãæããããè±éå±
掻æ§ã¯ãã°ããã®éç¶æããããè±ç¡«åå¿ã¯ãç¡«
é»ãç¡«åæ°ŽçŽ ã«æ°ŽçŽ åããããã®åŸåå¿åž¯åãé
éããŠåå€ã«åºããã®ãšèæ ®ããããè±éå±åå¿
ã¯ã觊åªã®å€éšè¡šé¢åã¯å éšã®çŽ°åé¢ã«éå±ãæ²
ç©ããããåŸã€ãŠç¡«é»ãæ°ŽçŽ åãã觊åªã®æ§èœã
倱ãããŠããéå±ãäŸç¶ãšããŠæ²ç©ããã®ãèªã
ãããã
æ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±çšãæ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«çšãå
±ã«ãã®è§Šåª
ç²åã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®å圢ã·ãªã³ããŒãšã¯ç°ãªã圢ã«é
圢ããã®ãæãŸãããããããã®ãããªåœ¢ã®è§Šåª
ãçšãããªãã°ãç²åã®åšå²ã«å€æ¥ããæå°åã®
çŽåŸã1/64ã1/2ã€ã³ãã§ããã®ãæãŸããã
ç²åã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®å圢ã·ãªã³ããŒãšã¯ç°ãªã圢ã«é
圢ããã®ãæãŸãããããããã®ãããªåœ¢ã®è§Šåª
ãçšãããªãã°ãç²åã®åšå²ã«å€æ¥ããæå°åã®
çŽåŸã1/64ã1/2ã€ã³ãã§ããã®ãæãŸããã
æ¬çºæã®å¥ã®æ
æ§ãšããŠãããããäžæ¹ã®åž¯å
åã¯äž¡åž¯åã«ãããŠãïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®è§Šåªãçšããæ¹
æ³ããããäŸãã°ã巚倧现åãæãã倧圢现åã®
è±éå±çšè§Šåªãé«æž©ã®ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åãçšãã第ïŒåž¯å
ã«ã¯ãæåã«éå±ãé€å»ã§ãã倧圢现åã®è±ç¡«çš
觊åªãè£ å¡«ããäºçªç®ã«æåã®ãã®ãããå°åœ¢çŽ°
åã§éå±é€å»å®¹éã®äœãè±ç¡«çšè§Šåªãå å¡«ããã
ããã®è±ç¡«çšè§Šåªãå ±ã«ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åã«èŒã¹ãŠå°ãªã
ãšã15âäœã枩床ã«ä¿ã€ã
åã¯äž¡åž¯åã«ãããŠãïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®è§Šåªãçšããæ¹
æ³ããããäŸãã°ã巚倧现åãæãã倧圢现åã®
è±éå±çšè§Šåªãé«æž©ã®ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åãçšãã第ïŒåž¯å
ã«ã¯ãæåã«éå±ãé€å»ã§ãã倧圢现åã®è±ç¡«çš
觊åªãè£ å¡«ããäºçªç®ã«æåã®ãã®ãããå°åœ¢çŽ°
åã§éå±é€å»å®¹éã®äœãè±ç¡«çšè§Šåªãå å¡«ããã
ããã®è±ç¡«çšè§Šåªãå ±ã«ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åã«èŒã¹ãŠå°ãªã
ãšã15âäœã枩床ã«ä¿ã€ã
æ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ã第ïŒåž¯åãšç¬¬ïŒåž¯åãšã®é
ã«å°ãªããšã15âã®æž©åºŠå·®ããªããŠã¯ãªããªãã
第ïŒå³ã¯ãåŸæ¥ææ³ã«ããå€é觊åªåºåŒåå¿æ§œã®
枩床åŸé ã瀺ããã®ã§ãããåºïŒã¯åææ²¹ãæ¥è§Š
ãã第ïŒåºã§ãããå³ã«ç€ºãæäœã§ã¯æž©åºŠãæäœ
ã§ãããæ°ŽçŽ æ¥å·ã§åé¢ãããäžã€ã®æž©åºŠåž¯åã
瀺ãããŠãããå垯åã®å¹³å枩床ãT1å¹³åãT2
å¹³ååã³T3å¹³åã§ç€ºããåæ¥å·ç¹ã§ã¯äŸãã°Q1
ã®ãããªæž©åºŠèœå·®ãèŠãããããã®ããã«ããŠã
å垯åã«ãããæ¥è§Šæ°ŽçŽ åã®çºç±åå¿ã«ãã枩床
äžæãå¶åŸ¡ãããæäœã«åœã€ãŠã¯ãå觊åªã®å¹³å
枩床ã次第ã«é«ããªãåŸåã瀺ããäŸãã°ãT1
å¹³åã¯T2å¹³åããã10âäœãããšããã°ãã°ã
ããåå¿åšãçµæžçã«æäœãããããT1å¹³åïŒ
T2å¹³åãšããã®ã«å¿ èŠãªéã®æ¥å·çšã¬ã¹ã䜿çš
ããªãèšèšã«ãªã€ãŠãããåçšçãªæäœã«ããã
ååºã®æž©åºŠå€åïŒÎTïŒã¯ãã°ãã°10°ã20âãšãª
ãã§ãããã
ã«å°ãªããšã15âã®æž©åºŠå·®ããªããŠã¯ãªããªãã
第ïŒå³ã¯ãåŸæ¥ææ³ã«ããå€é觊åªåºåŒåå¿æ§œã®
枩床åŸé ã瀺ããã®ã§ãããåºïŒã¯åææ²¹ãæ¥è§Š
ãã第ïŒåºã§ãããå³ã«ç€ºãæäœã§ã¯æž©åºŠãæäœ
ã§ãããæ°ŽçŽ æ¥å·ã§åé¢ãããäžã€ã®æž©åºŠåž¯åã
瀺ãããŠãããå垯åã®å¹³å枩床ãT1å¹³åãT2
å¹³ååã³T3å¹³åã§ç€ºããåæ¥å·ç¹ã§ã¯äŸãã°Q1
ã®ãããªæž©åºŠèœå·®ãèŠãããããã®ããã«ããŠã
å垯åã«ãããæ¥è§Šæ°ŽçŽ åã®çºç±åå¿ã«ãã枩床
äžæãå¶åŸ¡ãããæäœã«åœã€ãŠã¯ãå觊åªã®å¹³å
枩床ã次第ã«é«ããªãåŸåã瀺ããäŸãã°ãT1
å¹³åã¯T2å¹³åããã10âäœãããšããã°ãã°ã
ããåå¿åšãçµæžçã«æäœãããããT1å¹³åïŒ
T2å¹³åãšããã®ã«å¿ èŠãªéã®æ¥å·çšã¬ã¹ã䜿çš
ããªãèšèšã«ãªã€ãŠãããåçšçãªæäœã«ããã
ååºã®æž©åºŠå€åïŒÎTïŒã¯ãã°ãã°10°ã20âãšãª
ãã§ãããã
第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã®ã¯æ¬çºæã®äžäŸã§ãã€ãŠãäžã€
ã®è§Šåªåºãå«ã¿ã第ïŒåºãäžæµã®åºãããé«æž©ã§
æäœãããåå¿åšã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãããåºïŒã¯å
ææ²¹ãæåã«æ¥è§Šãã觊åªåºã§ããããåŸæ¥ææ³
ã®ãã®ãšç°ãªããåææ²¹ãæ¥è§Šããåºã®ãã¡æž©åºŠ
ãæãé«ããæ¬çºæã«ããæäœã®éçšã«ãããå¹³
å枩床ã®å€åã¯å°ãªããšã15âã§ãããT2å¹³å
åã³T3å¹³åã¯ãåŸæ¥ææ³ã®æäœã®å Žåãããè¿
æ¥ãã枩床ã«ä¿ãããã®ãæãŸããã第ïŒå³ã«ã
ããŠã¯ã第ïŒåž¯åãåºïŒãããªãããããŠç¬¬ïŒåž¯
åãåºïŒåã³ïŒãããªããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ã
ÎTå¹³åãåŸæ¥ææ³ã®å Žåãããã¯ããã«å€§ã§ã
ãããšã«ãã€ãŠã第ïŒã®äœæž©åž¯åãéžæããŠãã
ããšã«æ³šç®ãã¹ãã§ããã
ã®è§Šåªåºãå«ã¿ã第ïŒåºãäžæµã®åºãããé«æž©ã§
æäœãããåå¿åšã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãããåºïŒã¯å
ææ²¹ãæåã«æ¥è§Šãã觊åªåºã§ããããåŸæ¥ææ³
ã®ãã®ãšç°ãªããåææ²¹ãæ¥è§Šããåºã®ãã¡æž©åºŠ
ãæãé«ããæ¬çºæã«ããæäœã®éçšã«ãããå¹³
å枩床ã®å€åã¯å°ãªããšã15âã§ãããT2å¹³å
åã³T3å¹³åã¯ãåŸæ¥ææ³ã®æäœã®å Žåãããè¿
æ¥ãã枩床ã«ä¿ãããã®ãæãŸããã第ïŒå³ã«ã
ããŠã¯ã第ïŒåž¯åãåºïŒãããªãããããŠç¬¬ïŒåž¯
åãåºïŒåã³ïŒãããªããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ã
ÎTå¹³åãåŸæ¥ææ³ã®å Žåãããã¯ããã«å€§ã§ã
ãããšã«ãã€ãŠã第ïŒã®äœæž©åž¯åãéžæããŠãã
ããšã«æ³šç®ãã¹ãã§ããã
åå¿æ§œã®é·ãã«æ²¿ã€ãåæã«ãããŠã枩床åŸé
ã®æ¥æ¿ãªèœå·®ã芳å¯ãããã§ãããããããã¯ã
åå¿æ§œå éšã®æ°ŽçŽ ã¬ã¹ã«ããæ¥å·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã®
ã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ããææã®æž©åºŠåŸé ãç¶æãã
ããã«ã¯ãä»ã®ãããã®æ¥å·åŠçå°ç¹ã«ãããã
ããã第ïŒåºãšç¬¬ïŒåºãšã®é£æ¥å°ç¹ã«ãããŠå€§é
ã®æ°ŽçŽ ã䜿çšãã¹ãã§ããã
ã®æ¥æ¿ãªèœå·®ã芳å¯ãããã§ãããããããã¯ã
åå¿æ§œå éšã®æ°ŽçŽ ã¬ã¹ã«ããæ¥å·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã®
ã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ããææã®æž©åºŠåŸé ãç¶æãã
ããã«ã¯ãä»ã®ãããã®æ¥å·åŠçå°ç¹ã«ãããã
ããã第ïŒåºãšç¬¬ïŒåºãšã®é£æ¥å°ç¹ã«ãããŠå€§é
ã®æ°ŽçŽ ã䜿çšãã¹ãã§ããã
第ïŒå³ã®æž©åºŠã¯åäžåå¿åšã®æž©åºŠã瀺ããã®ã§
ããããå€éåŒã«æž©åºŠãå¶åŸ¡ãããåå¿åšãå©çš
ã§ããããšãèªèãã¹ãã§ãããäŸãã°ã枩床ã
15âé«ãããä¿è·åºåå¿åšãå¥ã®åå¿æ§œãšããŠä»£
çšããŠããããäžè¬ã«è§Šåªåºã®å¯¿åœãç¶ãéãã
ã®æž©åºŠã次第ã«äžããããšã«ãã€ãŠãããããã
éžå®ããã補åã®å質ãä¿æããããšãã§ããã
ãã®æž©åºŠã¯ãåå¿æ§œã®å¶éåŠçå¶çŽãè¶ ããŠäžæ
ãããŠã¯ãªããªãã枩床ãæãé«ã第ïŒåž¯åãå
å¿æ§œã«ãšã€ãŠèš±å®¹ãããæé«æž©åºŠã«éãããªã
ã°ã該垯åã®æž©åºŠããã以äžãããªãã§äžå®ã«ä¿
ããªããã°ãªããªãã第ïŒåž¯åã®æž©åºŠã¯æçµç
ã«ã第ïŒåž¯åã®æž©åºŠãšåäžã«ãªãããã䞡垯åã®
枩床ãåãã«ãªã€ãæç¹ã«ãããŠãè£ å¡«è§Šåªã®äœ
çšã¯çµç¹ã«éããã
ããããå€éåŒã«æž©åºŠãå¶åŸ¡ãããåå¿åšãå©çš
ã§ããããšãèªèãã¹ãã§ãããäŸãã°ã枩床ã
15âé«ãããä¿è·åºåå¿åšãå¥ã®åå¿æ§œãšããŠä»£
çšããŠããããäžè¬ã«è§Šåªåºã®å¯¿åœãç¶ãéãã
ã®æž©åºŠã次第ã«äžããããšã«ãã€ãŠãããããã
éžå®ããã補åã®å質ãä¿æããããšãã§ããã
ãã®æž©åºŠã¯ãåå¿æ§œã®å¶éåŠçå¶çŽãè¶ ããŠäžæ
ãããŠã¯ãªããªãã枩床ãæãé«ã第ïŒåž¯åãå
å¿æ§œã«ãšã€ãŠèš±å®¹ãããæé«æž©åºŠã«éãããªã
ã°ã該垯åã®æž©åºŠããã以äžãããªãã§äžå®ã«ä¿
ããªããã°ãªããªãã第ïŒåž¯åã®æž©åºŠã¯æçµç
ã«ã第ïŒåž¯åã®æž©åºŠãšåäžã«ãªãããã䞡垯åã®
枩床ãåãã«ãªã€ãæç¹ã«ãããŠãè£ å¡«è§Šåªã®äœ
çšã¯çµç¹ã«éããã
æäœã«ã€ããŠã®ç¹å®ã®çè«ã«ãã ããã€ããã¯
æ¯é ãªããã枩床差ã«èµ·å ããŠåºæ掻æ§åºŠã®å£ã
第ïŒåž¯åã®è±éå±çšè§Šåªããè±éå±çšè§Šåªããã
éå±ã«å¯ã第ïŒåž¯åã®è±ç¡«çšè§Šåªãšåããããªå€Ÿ
éç©é€å»ã«ã€ããŠã®æŽ»æ§ãæããã®ã§ããããšè
å¯ãããã掻æ§åºŠãæ¥éã«å€±ãããªã第ïŒåž¯åã§
ããå€ãã®éå±ãé€å»ããããã®ãã第ïŒã®è§Šåª
ã¯ãè±ç¡«æŽ»æ§ãæ¥éã«å€±ããªãã§ãããåŸã€ãŠã
å šè§Šåªç³»ã®å¯¿åœã¯ãä»ã®ãããªãæ¹æ³ã«ãããã
ãé·ããªãã
æ¯é ãªããã枩床差ã«èµ·å ããŠåºæ掻æ§åºŠã®å£ã
第ïŒåž¯åã®è±éå±çšè§Šåªããè±éå±çšè§Šåªããã
éå±ã«å¯ã第ïŒåž¯åã®è±ç¡«çšè§Šåªãšåããããªå€Ÿ
éç©é€å»ã«ã€ããŠã®æŽ»æ§ãæããã®ã§ããããšè
å¯ãããã掻æ§åºŠãæ¥éã«å€±ãããªã第ïŒåž¯åã§
ããå€ãã®éå±ãé€å»ããããã®ãã第ïŒã®è§Šåª
ã¯ãè±ç¡«æŽ»æ§ãæ¥éã«å€±ããªãã§ãããåŸã€ãŠã
å šè§Šåªç³»ã®å¯¿åœã¯ãä»ã®ãããªãæ¹æ³ã«ãããã
ãé·ããªãã
å®æœäŸ
æ¬çºæã®é枩床åŸé
ãæããåå¿åšã«çšããã
ããäžèšã®è§Šåªã補é ããã觊åªïŒ¡ã次ã®ããã«
補é ããïŒ 88ïŒ ã®è»é žïŒæ¯é1.2ïŒïŒmlãèžçæ°Ž300mlã«å
ãããçŽ50âã«ãããŠæ¯å50mlã®å²åã§ãã®æº¶æ¶²
ã500ïœã®ã«ã€ã¶ãŒïŒKaiserïŒã¢ã«ããã«å ããŠ
æ··åãããå šéšã®æº¶æ¶²ã®æ·»å ãçµã€ãåŸ20åéæ··
åãç¶ããã58ïŒ ã®æ°Žé žåã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒmlãã¢
ãªããã³æº¶æ¶²45mlãèžçæ°Ž200mlã§èª¿è£œãã第ïŒ
溶液ãæ¯å50mlãã€å ããŠæªæãããã¢ãªããã³
溶液ã¯ã30ïŒ NH4OH17.2mlåã³èžçæ°Ž26mlã«
17.4ïœã®MoO3ã溶解ããŠèª¿è£œãããïŒåç®ã®æ·»
å 枩床ã¯çŽ60âã65âã§ãã€ãããã³çå°ç¶æ ã®
æ··åç©ãäžã€èããŠæºåœ¢ã®ãã€ãçšããŠæŒåºãæ
圢ããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãã¬ãŒã«èŒãã120âã«ããã
ããå ç±ããŠããããªãŒãã³äžã§ïŒæéã次ã«
200âã§ïŒæéå ç±ããŠä¹Ÿç¥ããã也ç¥ããæŒåº
ç©ãæ°Žèžæ°ã®é°å²æ°äž680âã§ãçŒãããïŒæé
åŸãæ°Žèžæ°ãæ°é®®ãªä¹Ÿç¥ç©ºæ°ã«ä»£ããããã«30å
é680âã§æŒåºãæ圢ç©ã®ãçŒåŠçãè¡ã€ãã
ããäžèšã®è§Šåªã補é ããã觊åªïŒ¡ã次ã®ããã«
補é ããïŒ 88ïŒ ã®è»é žïŒæ¯é1.2ïŒïŒmlãèžçæ°Ž300mlã«å
ãããçŽ50âã«ãããŠæ¯å50mlã®å²åã§ãã®æº¶æ¶²
ã500ïœã®ã«ã€ã¶ãŒïŒKaiserïŒã¢ã«ããã«å ããŠ
æ··åãããå šéšã®æº¶æ¶²ã®æ·»å ãçµã€ãåŸ20åéæ··
åãç¶ããã58ïŒ ã®æ°Žé žåã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒmlãã¢
ãªããã³æº¶æ¶²45mlãèžçæ°Ž200mlã§èª¿è£œãã第ïŒ
溶液ãæ¯å50mlãã€å ããŠæªæãããã¢ãªããã³
溶液ã¯ã30ïŒ NH4OH17.2mlåã³èžçæ°Ž26mlã«
17.4ïœã®MoO3ã溶解ããŠèª¿è£œãããïŒåç®ã®æ·»
å 枩床ã¯çŽ60âã65âã§ãã€ãããã³çå°ç¶æ ã®
æ··åç©ãäžã€èããŠæºåœ¢ã®ãã€ãçšããŠæŒåºãæ
圢ããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãã¬ãŒã«èŒãã120âã«ããã
ããå ç±ããŠããããªãŒãã³äžã§ïŒæéã次ã«
200âã§ïŒæéå ç±ããŠä¹Ÿç¥ããã也ç¥ããæŒåº
ç©ãæ°Žèžæ°ã®é°å²æ°äž680âã§ãçŒãããïŒæé
åŸãæ°Žèžæ°ãæ°é®®ãªä¹Ÿç¥ç©ºæ°ã«ä»£ããããã«30å
é680âã§æŒåºãæ圢ç©ã®ãçŒåŠçãè¡ã€ãã
ãæ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«çšè§Šåªã®è£œé æ³ãïŒMethod for
Preparing ïœ Hydrodesulfurization CatalystïŒ
ãšé¡ããP.W.ã¿ã ïŒTammïŒã®1978幎ïŒæ12æ¥
ä»ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4113661å·ã«èšèŒãããæ¹æ³ã§è§Š
åªïŒ¢ã補é ãããééã§80ïŒ20ã§ããã³ãã³ç€Ÿ
ïŒConocoïŒè£œã®ã«ã¿ãã«ïŒCatapalïŒã¢ã«ãããš
ã«ã€ã¶ãŒã¢ã«ãããšã®æ··åç©ãçŽ150Ό以äžã«ãª
ããããªç²åŸãšãããã®æ··åç²æ«ãç¡é žæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãš
å åã«æ··åããŠåŠçããããã¢ã«ããïŒAl2O3ïŒ
ã®ïŒåŒéåœãçŽ0.1åœéã®é žãçšãããããåŠç
ãããã¢ã«ããç²æ«ã¯ã现工ããããããŒã¹ãã®
ç¶æ ã§ããããã®ããŒã¹ãã®è©ŠæïŒéšãïŒéééš
ã®æ°Žäžã«ã¹ã©ãªãŒåãããšã該詊æã¯å®å šã«åæ£
ç¶æ ãšãªããã¹ã©ãªãŒã®PHã¯çŽ3.8ãçŽ4.2ãéåžž
çŽ4.0ã§ãããç²æ«ã«å¯Ÿããé žæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠç
ãçµã€ãåŸãç¡é žãå®å šã«äžåããã®ã«å¿ èŠãªæ°Ž
é žåã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®çè«éã®çŽ80ïŒ ã«çžåœããé
ã®æ°Žé žåã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 氎溶液ãããŒã¹ãäžã«å®å š
ã«æ··åãããããªãã¡ãïŒåŒéã®ã¢ã«ããã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠçŽ0.08åœéã®æ°Žé žåç©ãå ããããšã«ãªãã也
ç¥åã³ãçŒã®éçšã§æ®çºæ§ç©è³ªãçºæ£ããããã
æ°Žé žåã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã¯çŽ11ééïŒ ã®æº¶æ¶²ãçšãã
ã®ãæãŸãããé žåŠçåã³äžåã®çµã€ãçæç©ã®
åºåœ¢åå«æéã¯50ã70ééïŒ ã®ç¯å²å ãšãã¹ãã§
ãããæ°Žé žåã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãæ·»å ããŠå®å šã«æ··ã
åããããšã«ãããããŒã¹ãã¯æŒåºãæ圢æ©ã®æ
æãšããŠå¥œé©ãªèªç±æµåæ§ã®åŸ®ç²åºåœ¢ç©ã«å€ã
ããæŒåºãæ圢æ©ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®é 圢ç²åãæŒåºã
ãããªãã€ãã¬ãŒããæãããäŸãã°75°ã250â
ã®æž©åºŠã«ãããåæã®æž©åãªä¹Ÿç¥å·¥çšã«ããã匱
ãçµååã§ä¿æãããŠããæ°ŽåãæŒåºãç©åé§äœ
ããé€å»ãããã次ã«ä¹Ÿç¥åã¯å€æ¹¿é°å²æ°äž250°
ã850âã®æž©åºŠã§ä¹Ÿç¥æŒåºãç©ããçŒããããšã«
ããããã€ãªã€ãŒã®è£œé ã¯å®çµãããåŸãããã
ã€ãªã€ãŒã¯çŽ0.7c.c.ïŒïœã®çŽ°å容ç©ãæãã现å
容ç©ã®å°ãªããšãçŽ85ïŒ ãçŽåŸçŽ80ã150â«ã®çŽ°
åã§å ããããã1000â«ä»¥äžã®çŽ°åãå ãã现å
容ç©ã¯çŽ1.0ïŒ ä»¥äžã§ããã100ïŒ ã®æ°Žèžæ°é°å²æ°
äž450°ã600âã§è§ŠåªããçŒããããšã«ãããæ¯
èŒç倧ããªçŽ°åãäŸãã°160ã190â«ã®ãã®ãåŸã
ããã
Preparing ïœ Hydrodesulfurization CatalystïŒ
ãšé¡ããP.W.ã¿ã ïŒTammïŒã®1978幎ïŒæ12æ¥
ä»ã®ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4113661å·ã«èšèŒãããæ¹æ³ã§è§Š
åªïŒ¢ã補é ãããééã§80ïŒ20ã§ããã³ãã³ç€Ÿ
ïŒConocoïŒè£œã®ã«ã¿ãã«ïŒCatapalïŒã¢ã«ãããš
ã«ã€ã¶ãŒã¢ã«ãããšã®æ··åç©ãçŽ150Ό以äžã«ãª
ããããªç²åŸãšãããã®æ··åç²æ«ãç¡é žæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãš
å åã«æ··åããŠåŠçããããã¢ã«ããïŒAl2O3ïŒ
ã®ïŒåŒéåœãçŽ0.1åœéã®é žãçšãããããåŠç
ãããã¢ã«ããç²æ«ã¯ã现工ããããããŒã¹ãã®
ç¶æ ã§ããããã®ããŒã¹ãã®è©ŠæïŒéšãïŒéééš
ã®æ°Žäžã«ã¹ã©ãªãŒåãããšã該詊æã¯å®å šã«åæ£
ç¶æ ãšãªããã¹ã©ãªãŒã®PHã¯çŽ3.8ãçŽ4.2ãéåžž
çŽ4.0ã§ãããç²æ«ã«å¯Ÿããé žæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠç
ãçµã€ãåŸãç¡é žãå®å šã«äžåããã®ã«å¿ èŠãªæ°Ž
é žåã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®çè«éã®çŽ80ïŒ ã«çžåœããé
ã®æ°Žé žåã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 氎溶液ãããŒã¹ãäžã«å®å š
ã«æ··åãããããªãã¡ãïŒåŒéã®ã¢ã«ããã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠçŽ0.08åœéã®æ°Žé žåç©ãå ããããšã«ãªãã也
ç¥åã³ãçŒã®éçšã§æ®çºæ§ç©è³ªãçºæ£ããããã
æ°Žé žåã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã¯çŽ11ééïŒ ã®æº¶æ¶²ãçšãã
ã®ãæãŸãããé žåŠçåã³äžåã®çµã€ãçæç©ã®
åºåœ¢åå«æéã¯50ã70ééïŒ ã®ç¯å²å ãšãã¹ãã§
ãããæ°Žé žåã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãæ·»å ããŠå®å šã«æ··ã
åããããšã«ãããããŒã¹ãã¯æŒåºãæ圢æ©ã®æ
æãšããŠå¥œé©ãªèªç±æµåæ§ã®åŸ®ç²åºåœ¢ç©ã«å€ã
ããæŒåºãæ圢æ©ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®é 圢ç²åãæŒåºã
ãããªãã€ãã¬ãŒããæãããäŸãã°75°ã250â
ã®æž©åºŠã«ãããåæã®æž©åãªä¹Ÿç¥å·¥çšã«ããã匱
ãçµååã§ä¿æãããŠããæ°ŽåãæŒåºãç©åé§äœ
ããé€å»ãããã次ã«ä¹Ÿç¥åã¯å€æ¹¿é°å²æ°äž250°
ã850âã®æž©åºŠã§ä¹Ÿç¥æŒåºãç©ããçŒããããšã«
ããããã€ãªã€ãŒã®è£œé ã¯å®çµãããåŸãããã
ã€ãªã€ãŒã¯çŽ0.7c.c.ïŒïœã®çŽ°å容ç©ãæãã现å
容ç©ã®å°ãªããšãçŽ85ïŒ ãçŽåŸçŽ80ã150â«ã®çŽ°
åã§å ããããã1000â«ä»¥äžã®çŽ°åãå ãã现å
容ç©ã¯çŽ1.0ïŒ ä»¥äžã§ããã100ïŒ ã®æ°Žèžæ°é°å²æ°
äž450°ã600âã§è§ŠåªããçŒããããšã«ãããæ¯
èŒç倧ããªçŽ°åãäŸãã°160ã190â«ã®ãã®ãåŸã
ããã
åå¿åšã«ïŒå±€ã®è§Šåªãè£
å¡«ããã第ïŒå±€ã§ãã
第ïŒåž¯åã¯è§ŠåªïŒ¡ãšãã第ïŒå±€ã§ãã第ïŒåž¯åã¯
觊åªïŒ¢ãšãããç¡«é»å4.4ééïŒ ãããã±ã«
26ppmããããžãŠã 89ppmãå«ãã¢ã©ãã¢ç³»é質
åžžå§èžçæ®æž£æ²¹ã觊åªïŒ¡åã³ïŒ¢ã«é 次æ¥è§Šãã
ããåæã®æ¡ä»¶ã¯ãå§å2200psigãæ°ŽçŽ ã®å¹³åå§
åçŽ1800psigã空éé床çŽ0.35æ-1ãšãã第ïŒè§Š
åªãããçŽ14âé«ã枩床ã«ç¬¬ïŒè§Šåªãä¿ã€ããäž¡
觊åªåºã®æž©åºŠãäžããããšã«ããã第ïŒåž¯åãã
ã®æµåºç©ã«å«ãŸããç¡«é»ã®æ¿åºŠã絶ãã0.6éé
ïŒ ã«ä¿ãããããã«ãããé転ã®äžéæç¹ã§ãã
ã®ç³»ã«ã€ããŠã®é転ç¶ç¶å¯èœæéãå€æ¿æ³ã§æšå®
ããããã®ç³»ã«ã€ããŠã®é転çµçµæç¹ã¯ãåå¿æ§œ
ã«ã€ããŠã®å¶éåŠçéçç¹ã§ããã第ïŒåž¯åãšç¬¬
ïŒåž¯åãšã®éã®æž©åºŠå·®ã¯28âã«å¢å ãããåå¿æ§œ
ã®æž©åºŠãå¶éåŠçã®éçç¹ã§ãã427âã«ãªããŸ
ã§äžãã第ïŒåž¯åã®æž©åºŠãäžå®ã«ä¿ã€ãã第ïŒåž¯
åã®æž©åºŠã427âã«äžæããæç¹ã§é転ãçµããã
ãã®é転ã®å®åæéã¯ãäžéæç¹ã§å€æ¿æ³ã§äºæž¬
ããæéã25ïŒ ãäžãŸãã€ãã觊åªå¯¿åœãããã
ãé·ãã€ãã®ã¯ãå¹³å枩床ã®å·®ãäºå®ããããã
倧ããã€ãããšã«ãããã®ã§ããããšèå¯ãã
ãã
第ïŒåž¯åã¯è§ŠåªïŒ¡ãšãã第ïŒå±€ã§ãã第ïŒåž¯åã¯
觊åªïŒ¢ãšãããç¡«é»å4.4ééïŒ ãããã±ã«
26ppmããããžãŠã 89ppmãå«ãã¢ã©ãã¢ç³»é質
åžžå§èžçæ®æž£æ²¹ã觊åªïŒ¡åã³ïŒ¢ã«é 次æ¥è§Šãã
ããåæã®æ¡ä»¶ã¯ãå§å2200psigãæ°ŽçŽ ã®å¹³åå§
åçŽ1800psigã空éé床çŽ0.35æ-1ãšãã第ïŒè§Š
åªãããçŽ14âé«ã枩床ã«ç¬¬ïŒè§Šåªãä¿ã€ããäž¡
觊åªåºã®æž©åºŠãäžããããšã«ããã第ïŒåž¯åãã
ã®æµåºç©ã«å«ãŸããç¡«é»ã®æ¿åºŠã絶ãã0.6éé
ïŒ ã«ä¿ãããããã«ãããé転ã®äžéæç¹ã§ãã
ã®ç³»ã«ã€ããŠã®é転ç¶ç¶å¯èœæéãå€æ¿æ³ã§æšå®
ããããã®ç³»ã«ã€ããŠã®é転çµçµæç¹ã¯ãåå¿æ§œ
ã«ã€ããŠã®å¶éåŠçéçç¹ã§ããã第ïŒåž¯åãšç¬¬
ïŒåž¯åãšã®éã®æž©åºŠå·®ã¯28âã«å¢å ãããåå¿æ§œ
ã®æž©åºŠãå¶éåŠçã®éçç¹ã§ãã427âã«ãªããŸ
ã§äžãã第ïŒåž¯åã®æž©åºŠãäžå®ã«ä¿ã€ãã第ïŒåž¯
åã®æž©åºŠã427âã«äžæããæç¹ã§é転ãçµããã
ãã®é転ã®å®åæéã¯ãäžéæç¹ã§å€æ¿æ³ã§äºæž¬
ããæéã25ïŒ ãäžãŸãã€ãã觊åªå¯¿åœãããã
ãé·ãã€ãã®ã¯ãå¹³å枩床ã®å·®ãäºå®ããããã
倧ããã€ãããšã«ãããã®ã§ããããšèå¯ãã
ãã
第ïŒå³ã¯ãåŸæ¥ææ³ã«ããå€éæ¥å·åŒåå¿æ§œã«
ããã枩床åŸé ã瀺ãã°ã©ãã§ããã第ïŒå³ã¯ã
æ¬çºæã«ããå Žåã®æž©åºŠåŸé ã瀺ãã°ã©ãã§ã
ãã
ããã枩床åŸé ã瀺ãã°ã©ãã§ããã第ïŒå³ã¯ã
æ¬çºæã«ããå Žåã®æž©åºŠåŸé ã瀺ãã°ã©ãã§ã
ãã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ ç¡«é»ãšéå±ãšã®äž¡æ¹ãå«ãçåæ°ŽçŽ ç³»ã®åæ
æ²¹ãæ°ŽçŽ ååŠçããæ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã ã¢ã«ããæ äœãŸãã¯ã¯ã¬ãŒæ äœã«æ¯æããã第
æåã³ïŒåã¯ç¬¬æã®é·ç§»éå±ãå«ããå®è³ªç
ãªè±éå±æŽ»æ§ãæãã觊åªãå«ã第ïŒåž¯åäžã«ã
ããŠã355âã450âã®ç¬¬ïŒã®é«ããããå¹³å枩床
åã³é«ããããå§åã®äžã§è©²åææ²¹ãæ°ŽçŽ ã«æ¥è§Š
ãããŠæµåºç©ãçæããããã㊠ã¢ã«ããæ äœãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ããããŒã¹æ äœã«æ¯æ
ããã第æåã³ïŒåã¯ç¬¬æã®é·ç§»éå±ãå«
ããå®è³ªçãªè±ç¡«æŽ»æ§ãæãã 觊åªãå«ã第ïŒåž¯åäžã«ãããŠãåèšã®ç¬¬ïŒã®
é«ããããå¹³å枩床ãããå°ãªããšã15âäœã第
ïŒã®é«ããããå¹³å枩床åã³é«ããããå§åã®äž
ã§ãåèšã®ç¬¬ïŒåž¯åããæµåºç©ãæ°ŽçŽ ã«æ¥è§Šãã
ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ã ïŒ åèšã®æ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±çšè§Šåªãã现å容ç©ã®å°
ãªããšãïŒïŒ ã巚倧现åã§å ãããããã€ãèšç®
ã«ãã埮å°çŽ°åã®çŽåŸãå°ãªããšã100â«ã§ãã
ã¢ã«ããæ¯æäœãæããããšãããã«ç¹åŸŽãšãã
ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ åèšã®æ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±çšè§Šåªãã现å容ç©ã®å°
ãªããšã70ïŒ ã200ã700â«ã®çŽ°åã§å ããããç¹
ç¶ç¶ã®çªé žãã°ãã·ãŠã ã¯ã¬ãŒåã³ç¹ç¶ç¶ã®çª
é žã¢ã«ãããŠã ã¯ã¬ãŒãããªã矀ããéžã°ãã
æ¯æäœãæããããšãããã«ç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±
ã®ç¯å²ïŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ åèšã®æ¯æäœããã»ããªã©ã€ããããªãŽã«ã¹
ã«ã€ããã¢ã¿ãã«ãžã€ã€ããã€ã¢ãŽã©ã€ãåã³ã
ãã€ãµã€ããããªã矀ããéžã°ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯
å²ïŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ åèšã®æ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«çšè§Šåªããå šè§Šåªééã«å¯Ÿ
ããéå±ã®ïŒ ã§è¡šããŠå°ãªããšã1.5ééïŒ ã®ç¬¬
æã®é·ç§»éå±ãå«ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ åèšã®æ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«å±çšè§Šåªããèšç®ã«ããå¹³
å现åçŽåŸã50â«ä»¥äžã§ããæ¯æäœãæããå šè§Š
åªééã«å¯Ÿããéå±ã®ïŒ ãšããŠè¡šããŠå°ãªããšã
ïŒééïŒ ã®ç¬¬æã®é·ç§»éå±åã³å°ãªããšã1.5
ééïŒ ã®ç¬¬æã®é·ç§»éå±ãå«ãããšãããã«ç¹
城ãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ åèšã®æ°ŽçŽ åè±éå±çšè§Šåªãã1/64ã1/2ã€
ã³ãã®å€æ¥åçŽåŸãæããé 圢ç²åã§æ§æããã
ãããŠåèšã®æ°ŽçŽ åè±ç¡«çšè§Šåªã1/64ã1/2ã€ã³
ãã®å€æ¥åçŽåŸãæããé 圢ç²åã§æ§æãããç¹
èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ è§Šåªåºãå€é觊åªåºç³»ã§ããã該系ãéããŠ
è² ã®æž©åºŠåŸé ãç¶æããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«
æ±ã®ç¯å²ïŒã®æ¹æ³ã
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US30602681A | 1981-09-28 | 1981-09-28 | |
US306026 | 1994-09-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5863786A JPS5863786A (ja) | 1983-04-15 |
JPH0456078B2 true JPH0456078B2 (ja) | 1992-09-07 |
Family
ID=23183420
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP57138372A Granted JPS5863786A (ja) | 1981-09-28 | 1982-08-09 | çç«æ°ŽçŽ æ²¹ã®è±ç¡«è±éå±æ³ |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5863786A (ja) |
BE (1) | BE894513A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA1195278A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE3229898A1 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2513653B1 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2106535B (ja) |
NL (1) | NL8203254A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2538811A1 (fr) * | 1982-12-30 | 1984-07-06 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de traitement d'une huile lourde ou d'une fraction d'huile lourde pour les convertir en fractions plus legeres |
CA1284982C (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1991-06-18 | Carmo Joseph Pereira | Hydroprocessing catalyst and support having bidisperse pore structure |
US4908344A (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1990-03-13 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Hydroprocessing catalyst and support having bidisperse pore structure |
JPH0391591A (ja) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-04-17 | Cosmo Oil Co Ltd | é質çåæ°ŽçŽ æ²¹ã®æ°ŽçŽ ååŠçæ¹æ³ |
BR9003449A (pt) * | 1990-07-17 | 1992-01-21 | Petroleo Brasileiro Sa | Processo de hidrogenacao de parafinas macro e microcristalinas |
FR2872516B1 (fr) * | 2004-07-01 | 2007-03-09 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'hydrodesulfuration des essences mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a porosite controlee |
EP1925654A1 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-05-28 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Process for the catalytic hydrotreating of silicon containing hydrocarbon feedstock |
WO2009073436A2 (en) | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-11 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process for catalytic hydrotreating of sour crude oils |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5439404A (en) * | 1977-07-15 | 1979-03-26 | Chiyoda Chem Eng & Constr Co Ltd | Desulfurization of heavy hydrocarbon oil |
JPS58102814A (ja) * | 1981-12-14 | 1983-06-18 | ç£æ©èæ¥æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | 倩äºåã¢ã³ã«â |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL271102A (ja) * | 1960-12-01 | |||
US3649526A (en) * | 1969-11-17 | 1972-03-14 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Multiple-stage production of fuel oil |
DE2353990A1 (de) * | 1972-11-09 | 1974-05-22 | Leuna Werke Veb | Verfahren zur herstellung schwefelarmer heizoele |
US3985643A (en) * | 1973-08-30 | 1976-10-12 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Demetalation and desulfurization of oil in separate catalytic zones |
US4196102A (en) * | 1975-12-09 | 1980-04-01 | Chiyoda Chemical Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. | Catalysts for demetallization treatment of _hydrocarbons supported on sepiolite |
US4212729A (en) * | 1978-07-26 | 1980-07-15 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Process for demetallation and desulfurization of heavy hydrocarbons |
-
1982
- 1982-06-24 CA CA000405914A patent/CA1195278A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-09 JP JP57138372A patent/JPS5863786A/ja active Granted
- 1982-08-11 DE DE19823229898 patent/DE3229898A1/de active Granted
- 1982-08-19 NL NL8203254A patent/NL8203254A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-09-20 FR FR8215791A patent/FR2513653B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-09-23 GB GB08227171A patent/GB2106535B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-28 BE BE0/209107A patent/BE894513A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5439404A (en) * | 1977-07-15 | 1979-03-26 | Chiyoda Chem Eng & Constr Co Ltd | Desulfurization of heavy hydrocarbon oil |
JPS58102814A (ja) * | 1981-12-14 | 1983-06-18 | ç£æ©èæ¥æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | 倩äºåã¢ã³ã«â |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE894513A (fr) | 1983-01-17 |
GB2106535A (en) | 1983-04-13 |
FR2513653B1 (fr) | 1988-06-24 |
DE3229898A1 (de) | 1983-04-14 |
DE3229898C2 (ja) | 1992-04-16 |
FR2513653A1 (fr) | 1983-04-01 |
GB2106535B (en) | 1985-03-20 |
JPS5863786A (ja) | 1983-04-15 |
NL8203254A (nl) | 1983-04-18 |
CA1195278A (en) | 1985-10-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3891541A (en) | Process for demetalizing and desulfurizing residual oil with hydrogen and alumina-supported catalyst | |
US4572778A (en) | Hydroprocessing with a large pore catalyst | |
US4016067A (en) | Process for demetalation and desulfurization of petroleum oils | |
US4082695A (en) | Catalyst for residua demetalation and desulfurization | |
KR100209814B1 (ko) | ììíì²ëŠ¬ ìŽë§€ì¡°ì±ë¬Œ, ê·ž ì ì¡°ë°©ë² ë° ì©ë | |
US4054508A (en) | Demetalation and desulfurization of residual oil utilizing hydrogen and trickle beds of catalysts in three zones | |
KR100625373B1 (ko) | ììí ì²ëŠ¬ ìŽë§€ ë° ì€ì§ì ì ììí ì²ëŠ¬ ë°©ë² | |
JPS62199687A (ja) | 现åã®å€§ãã觊åªãçšããæ°ŽçŽ åæ³ | |
US3931052A (en) | Alumina-supported catalyst for residua demetalation and desulfurization | |
JP2631712B2 (ja) | é質çåæ°ŽçŽ æ²¹ã®æ°ŽçŽ ååŠç觊åªçµæç©ãªãã³ã«ãããçšããæ°ŽçŽ ååŠçæ¹æ³ | |
KR102542845B1 (ko) | ê³ ììííì§ì ì íë ììì²ëŠ¬ ìŽë§€ | |
JPH0154096B2 (ja) | ||
JPH07286184A (ja) | çåæ°ŽçŽ ã®æ°ŽçŽ å転ææ¹æ³ | |
JP2006512430A (ja) | 觊åªã®æ··åç©ã䜿çšããçåæ°ŽçŽ ã®æ°ŽçŽ ååŠç | |
US20130105357A1 (en) | Self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst and process for treating heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks | |
JPH0456078B2 (ja) | ||
EP1010744A1 (en) | Hydrotreating process for residual oil | |
JPH0435519B2 (ja) | ||
EP0420652A1 (en) | Slurry hydrotreating process | |
JPH0295443A (ja) | æ®æ²¹ã®æ°ŽçŽ ååŠçè§Šåª | |
JP4680520B2 (ja) | äœç¡«é»è»œæ²¹ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ããã³ç°å¢å¯Ÿå¿è»œæ²¹ | |
JPH03273092A (ja) | æ®æ²¹ã®æ°ŽçŽ ååŠçè§Šåª | |
JP2004148139A (ja) | åçåŠçããéè³ªæ²¹æ°ŽçŽ å觊åªåã³ãããçšããé質油ã®æ°ŽçŽ ååŠçæ¹æ³ | |
JP3708381B2 (ja) | éè³ªæ²¹æ°ŽçŽ ååŠç觊åªã®åçæ¹æ³åã³åçæ°ŽçŽ ååŠçè§Šåª | |
EP0235411A1 (en) | Hydroprocessing with a large pore catalyst |