JPH0421657B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0421657B2 JPH0421657B2 JP59112196A JP11219684A JPH0421657B2 JP H0421657 B2 JPH0421657 B2 JP H0421657B2 JP 59112196 A JP59112196 A JP 59112196A JP 11219684 A JP11219684 A JP 11219684A JP H0421657 B2 JPH0421657 B2 JP H0421657B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bleaching
- weight
- hypochlorite
- hydrogen peroxide
- carried out
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Inorganic materials Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- -1 ester salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 34
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 35
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- RZXLPPRPEOUENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorfenson Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RZXLPPRPEOUENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000009897 hydrogen peroxide bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical group CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical class [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloramine T Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)[N-]Cl)C=C1 VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SVPRVJIDOLJYQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-chlorobenzenesulfonamide;sodium Chemical compound [Na].ClNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SVPRVJIDOLJYQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003458 sulfonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003459 sulfonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833319591 DE3319591A1 (de) | 1983-05-30 | 1983-05-30 | Verfahren zur gewinnung farbstabiler hellfarbiger waessriger salzpasten von waschaktiven (alpha)-sulfofettsaeureestern |
| DE3319591.9 | 1983-05-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6034942A JPS6034942A (ja) | 1985-02-22 |
| JPH0421657B2 true JPH0421657B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1992-04-13 |
Family
ID=6200252
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59112196A Granted JPS6034942A (ja) | 1983-05-30 | 1984-05-30 | エステルの非変色性淡色水性塩ペーストの製法 |
Country Status (8)
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3439520A1 (de) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-04-30 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Pumpfaehige hochkonzentrierte waessrige pasten vor alkalisalzen alpha-sulfonierter fettsaeurealkylester und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| DE3620158A1 (de) * | 1986-06-14 | 1987-12-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung von festen alkalimetallsalzen von (alpha)-sulfofettsaeurealkylestern |
| DE3804609A1 (de) * | 1988-02-13 | 1989-08-24 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung niedrigviskoser estersulfonatpasten |
| DE4012106A1 (de) * | 1990-04-14 | 1991-10-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung hellfarbiger waschaktiver alpha-sulfofettsaeureniedrigalkylester-salze |
| DE4017467A1 (de) * | 1990-05-30 | 1991-12-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung von hellfarbigen alpha-sulfofettsaeurealkylester- alkalimetallsalzpasten |
| DE4017466A1 (de) * | 1990-05-30 | 1991-12-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung hellfarbiger pasten von alpha-sulfofettsaeurealkylester-alkalimetallsalzen |
| US5397494A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1995-03-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Improving the color of surfactant agglomerates by admixing a solid bleaching agent |
| EP0618922A1 (de) * | 1991-12-21 | 1994-10-12 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Verfahren zur bleiche anionischer tenside |
| US5244593A (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-09-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Colorless detergent compositions with enhanced stability |
| DE4218073A1 (de) * | 1992-06-01 | 1993-12-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung hellfarbiger Tenside mit vermindertem Peroxidgehalt |
| IN176964B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1992-11-27 | 1996-10-12 | Lever Hindustan Ltd | |
| US5429773A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1995-07-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process to improve alkyl ester sulfonate surfactant compositions |
| US5688982A (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1997-11-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | No-bleach process for making sulfonated fatty acid alkyl ester surfactant |
| US5587500A (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1996-12-24 | The Chemithon Corporation | Sulfonation of fatty acid esters |
| WO1999025804A1 (en) * | 1997-11-18 | 1999-05-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | LOW pH METHOD FOR PREPARING WATER CLEAR SURFACTANT PASTES |
| US20100183785A1 (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2010-07-22 | Manuel Ii Zuniga | Method for doing business to retard bacterial, fungal, and viral contamination and mold growth in fruits |
| EP3409265A1 (de) | 2017-05-29 | 2018-12-05 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von hellfarbigem disalz |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2195187A (en) * | 1938-09-12 | 1940-03-26 | Solvay Process Co | Production of sulphonation derivatives |
| US2804466A (en) * | 1954-10-14 | 1957-08-27 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Process of bleaching sulfated and sulfonated anionic synthetic detergent compositions and the resulting products |
| US3159657A (en) * | 1961-05-19 | 1964-12-01 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Preparation of light-colored sulfonated fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives |
| US3158632A (en) * | 1961-08-08 | 1964-11-24 | Henkel & Cia G M B H | Alpha-sulfonation of saturated fatty acids and their derivatives |
| NL281859A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1961-08-08 | |||
| US3354187A (en) * | 1962-03-09 | 1967-11-21 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Bleaching dark-colored sulfonation products |
| GB1050534A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1963-03-16 | |||
| DE1234709B (de) * | 1964-01-15 | 1967-02-23 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Kontinuierliches Verfahren zum Bleichen saurer Sulfonierungsprodukte |
| DE2555076C2 (de) * | 1975-12-06 | 1986-03-20 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Kontinuierliches Verfahren zum Bleichen saurer α-Sulfofettsäureester |
| DE3047897A1 (de) * | 1980-12-19 | 1982-07-15 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | "verfahren zur vereinfachten gewinnung von hellfarbigen waschaktiven (alpha)-sulfofettsaeureestern" |
-
1983
- 1983-05-30 DE DE19833319591 patent/DE3319591A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1984
- 1984-04-26 US US06/604,100 patent/US4547318A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-05-21 EP EP84105793A patent/EP0129710B1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-05-21 DE DE8484105793T patent/DE3472570D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-05-21 AT AT84105793T patent/ATE35553T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-23 GB GB08413216A patent/GB2141706B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-29 BR BR8402563A patent/BR8402563A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-30 JP JP59112196A patent/JPS6034942A/ja active Granted
-
1987
- 1987-05-14 MY MYPI87000653A patent/MY102444A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0129710A1 (de) | 1985-01-02 |
| GB8413216D0 (en) | 1984-06-27 |
| DE3472570D1 (en) | 1988-08-11 |
| ATE35553T1 (de) | 1988-07-15 |
| EP0129710B1 (de) | 1988-07-06 |
| BR8402563A (pt) | 1985-04-23 |
| GB2141706B (en) | 1986-11-19 |
| DE3319591A1 (de) | 1984-12-06 |
| JPS6034942A (ja) | 1985-02-22 |
| GB2141706A (en) | 1985-01-03 |
| US4547318A (en) | 1985-10-15 |
| MY102444A (en) | 1992-06-30 |
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