JPH01202444A - トランスラミナー強化材構造物 - Google Patents

トランスラミナー強化材構造物

Info

Publication number
JPH01202444A
JPH01202444A JP63316089A JP31608988A JPH01202444A JP H01202444 A JPH01202444 A JP H01202444A JP 63316089 A JP63316089 A JP 63316089A JP 31608988 A JP31608988 A JP 31608988A JP H01202444 A JPH01202444 A JP H01202444A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
reinforcing
reinforcing elements
composite
composite structure
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP63316089A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP2744035B2 (ja
Inventor
Joseph S Boyce
ジョセフ・エス・ボイス
Jr Roland R Wallis
ローランド・アール・ウォリス・ジュニアー
Daniel E Bullock
ダニエル・イー・ビューロック
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vencore Services and Solutions Inc
Original Assignee
Foster Miller Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Foster Miller Inc filed Critical Foster Miller Inc
Publication of JPH01202444A publication Critical patent/JPH01202444A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2744035B2 publication Critical patent/JP2744035B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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    • B29C66/472—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially flat
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81455—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/24—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three dimensional structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/543—Fixing the position or configuration of fibrous reinforcements before or during moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29D24/00—Producing articles with hollow walls
    • B29D24/001—Producing articles with hollow walls formed of hollow ridges or ribs, e.g. separate ridges; continuous corrugated structure
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    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • B32B15/082—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising vinyl resins; comprising acrylic resins
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    • B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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    • B32B15/09—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • B32B15/095—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
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    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24174—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including sheet or component perpendicular to plane of web or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249986—Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/24999—Inorganic

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野： 本発明は複合構造物に関する。さらに詳細には、本発明
は複合構造物の強度及び損傷許容度を増大させることに
関する。
従来の技術： 複合構造物は、全屈相当品では得られないような種々の
特性を示し、航空宇宙産業用、自動車産業用、海洋産業
用、その他多くの用途に広く使用されている。４！！準
的な複合構造物製造法の殆どは、繊維強化材を樹脂マト
リックス（強化材なしでは比較的強度が低い）中に存在
させてなる個々の層（ｌａｙｅｒ）又はプライ（ρＩｙ
）の積層構造物としている。このような積層構造物の層
間特性は、複合＋１４造物の平面内特性に比較すると劣
っている０例えば、強度の低い中心層部分は容易に亀裂
が広がり易い区域である。亀裂は、熱的影響を受けたり
、衝撃が加わったり、あるいはまた細孔が存在したすす
ることによって引き起こされる。構造上の欠陥は、中心
層の亀裂が原因となっていることが多い、衝撃による損
傷を受けたパネルは、圧力又は曲げ荷重を受けると、し
ばしば突発的に大きな破損が起こる。さらに、このよう
な亀裂が存在すると、積層構造物の圧縮強度が大幅に低
下し、早いうちに離層や破壊が起こることがある。
このような複合構造物の強度を改良するための多くの方
法が検討されており、例えば、ステッチング、ステープ
リング、及びニードリングの使用などがある。しかしな
がら、こうした方法はメインの強化材に損傷を与え易く
、また平面内特性の低下を引き起こし易い、さらに、未
硬化の積層物をレイアンプ成形型から取り出して、ステ
ッチング機又はニードリング機に通さなければならない
。
この操作はさらに損傷を引き起こす原因ともなり、特に
、積層物が大形であったり複雑な形状をしている場合に
損傷が起こり易い。
本発明のある１つの態様によれば、複合構造物のみに対
して、あるいは開化ストリンガ−構造物等と結びついた
形で、レイアンプ品の臨界区域を局在化されたＺ方向に
強化することのできるトランスラミナー（Ｌｒａｎｓｌ
ａｏ＋１ｎａｒ）強化材構造物が徒供される０本強化材
構造物は、実質的に向かい合った面を有する熱分解可能
な物質の本体、本体の一方の面に対してほぼ垂直に延び
ている本体中の複数の強化用エレメント、及び前記本体
が高温に暴露されて熱分解するときに、複合構造物中へ
挿入されるための前記複数の強化用エレメントに駆動力
を加えるための、本体の他方の対面上の増圧構造物を含
む。
好ましくは、熱分解可能な物質中における複数の強化用
エレメントの容積は０．５〜５％の範囲であり、複数の
強化用エレメントは繊維状で０．０５〜０．５＋＊ｍの
範囲の断面寸法を有し、複数の強化用エレメントのそれ
ぞれがその断面寸法の少なくとも１０倍の長さを有する
。さらに、複数の強化用エレメントはそれらの長さに沿
ってほぼ均一な断面形状を有し、対面の間に存在する熱
分解可能な物質からなる本体を貫いて実質的に全距離に
わたって広がっているのが好ましい。
特定の実施Ｂ様においては、熱分解可能な物質は、室温
にて安定で相当の剛性を有するフオーム状物質であり、
ポリ塩化ビニル類、ポリエステル類、ポリエチレン類、
ポリプロピレン類、ポリウレタン類、ポリスチレン類、
酢酸セルロース類、ポリイミド類、シリコーン類、及び
ポリベンズイミダゾール類からなる群から選ばれるのが
好ましい０強化用エレメントの物質は、好ましくは、座
屈を起こすことなく複合構造物に入り込むだけの４分な
剛性を有し、アルミ、ウニム、ホウ素、グラファイト、
チタン、もしくはタングステンのよう−な元素物質であ
っても；炭化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、もしくは窒化
アルミニウムのようなセラミンクであっても；フェノー
ル樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、もしくはエポキシ樹脂のよう
な硬質ポリマーであっても；又はこれらの物質の合金も
しくは複合物であってもよいが、特に好ましいのはホウ
素及び炭化ケイ素である。
使用に際しては、強化されるべき未硬化複合物の所望の
箇所に１つ以上の強化材構造物を施し、施された強化材
構造物と一体になった複合物を温度及び圧力サイクル（
例えば、オートクレーブ中にて）に暴露する。複合物と
強化材構造物に圧力及び高温が加えられると、複合物は
硬化し始め、このとき熱分解可能な本体物質が分解又は
崩壊し、増圧構造物上にて作用する圧力によって複数の
強化用エレメントが複合物中に押し込まれる。硬化後、
強化材構造物残部を取り出し、強化用エレメントの突き
出た端部（存在する場合）を研削するかあるいは複合物
の表面と共にフラッシングして仕上げる。熱分解可能な
物質の崩壊もしくは分解温度とプレプレグマトリックス
樹脂の最小粘度を示す温度との間に相関性があるのが好
ましい。
好ましいプロセスにおいては、複合構造物が、工、ドキ
ン樹脂類、ポリイミド類、ビスマレイミド類、フェノー
ル樹脂類、ポリシアスレート類、ポリエステル類、及び
ビニルエステル類から選ばれるマトリックス樹脂中に強
化用繊維を配列させてなり、複合構造物の表両に強化材
構造物が施され、強化材構造物と複合構造物が高温及び
圧力の処理サイクルに暴露される。典型的な処理サイク
ルは、９０〜２００″Ｃ（２００〜４００°Ｆ）に段階
的に温度上昇させ、次いでフオーム状本体物質の分解を
引き起こすのに十分な時間間隔にて保持し、この一連の
操作中において強化用エレメントが複合構造物中に挿入
されることからなる。その後、マトリックス樹脂の硬化
を起こさせるのに十分な時間、高温を保持してもよいし
、あるいはさらに温度を上昇さ−Ｕ°ζもよい。複合積
層物を強固にするために、また増圧構造物による強化用
エレメントの圧入作　用を高めるために、処理サイクル
中の全体にわたって、あるいは種々のある一定時間に対
して選択的に、さらに圧力を加えてもよい。ある特定の
処理シーケンスは、複合構造物−強化材構造物集成体に
減圧及び外部圧力をかけることからなり、このとき最初
の温度上昇間隔は少なくとも０．５“Ｃ（１°Ｆ）／分
の割合であり、第１の保持時間間隔が少なくとも約９０
℃（２００°Ｆ）にて少なくとも１０分であり、第２の
温度上昇間隔が少なくとも０．５℃（１°Ｆ）／分の割
合であり、そして第２の保持時間間隔が少なくとも約ｔ
ＳＯ℃（３００＠Ｆ）にて少なくとも３０分であって、
強化用エレメントが複合構造物中に挿入された後に、マ
トリックス樹脂の硬化が引き続き行われるようになって
いる０次いで強化された複合構造物を冷却し、崩壊した
熱分解可能な物質の残留物を複合構造物から除去し、強
化用エレメントの突き出た端部（存在する場合）を、例
えば研削によって除去して硬化複合物の平滑な表面とす
る。
本発明の他の特徴および利点は、図面を参照した特定の
実施態様に関する以下の説明から明らかとなろう。
第１図に示した強化材構造物１０は、約７ボンド／ｆｔ
″（１１２，２ｋｇ／ｍ’）の密度と約８…ｌの厚さを
有するポリビニルフオーム物質（ジビニルセルＩＩＴＩ
ＩＯ）からなる本体１２を含む、フレキシビリティを増
大させるため、本体１２は多数の隣接プロングに頂く裂
いてもよい。ある配列状態のホウ素フィラメント１４（
それぞれ直径が約０．１１で長さが８　ｍｍ）が本体１
２中に配置され、平らな面１６に対してほぼ垂直に延び
ている。繊維１４間のＸ−Ｙ間隔は約１．５ｍｍである
０本体表面１８上には厚さが約０．１ａ＋ｍの増圧ステ
ンレス鋼シート２０が配置され、対面１６上にはＰＴＦ
Ｅ剥離シート２２が配置されている。
伸張したテープ状部材の形の強化材構造物１０が、支持
ツール３２上に配置されているグラファイト−エポキシ
プレプレグ複合物レイアップ３０上の所望の箇所に配置
される（第２図参照）、プレプレグ３０（エポキシａｓ
４／３５０１−６）は、第３図に示したタイプの処理サ
イクルを有する。
強化材構造物１０の付いたプレプレグ３０を、第４図に
概略的に示したように、支持ツール３２上にて減圧３６
、剥離シート２６を収めたフィルムバッグ３８、ブリー
ダークロス２４、及びコルクダム２８と結びつけて組み
立て、これをオートクレーブ３４内に入れた。この処理
シーケンスにおいては、第３図に示したように、先ず最
初にバッグ３８を減圧３６によって６３ｃ＋１（２５ｉ
ｎ、）水銀柱の圧力にまで脱気し、次いで矢印４０で示
したように、約６　ｋｇ／ｃ＋ｍ”（８５ｐｓｉ）の外
部圧力を加える。第３図の４２に示したように、オート
クレーブの温度を１．５〜３°ｃ（３〜５°Ｆ）７分の
割合で１１５℃（２４０”　Ｆ）まで上昇させ、この間
、オートクレーブの圧力を３９ｋｇ　（８５ボンド）に
、そしてバッグの減圧を約６３ｃｍ（２５ｉｎ、）水銀
柱に保持する。この温度、圧力、及び減圧を、約１時間
保持する（時間間隔４４）、エポキシ樹脂マトリックス
物質がその最小粘度に近づくにつれて、ビニル樹脂本体
１２が分解し始め、増圧シー１−２０に作用するオート
クレーブ圧力により、ホウ素繊維１４は剥離［２２，２
６、及びブリーダークロス２４を貫いて、Ｚ方向（表面
１６に対して垂直）において積層物３゜内へと押し込ま
れる（第５図参照）、圧力を加え続けると、繊維１４は
積層物３０を貫いて支持ツール３２に当たる、保持時間
間隔の経過後、オートクレーブの温度を再び１．５〜３
℃（３〜５°Ｆ）７分の割合にて１７５℃（３５０°Ｆ
）まで上昇させ（第３図の４６）、エポキシ積層物を硬
化させるため、約２時間（硬化時間間隔４日）その温度
及び圧力で保持する０次いで、オートクレーブの温度を
約３℃（５°Ｆ）７分の割合で低下（第３図の５０）さ
せて積層物の温度を９３℃（２００°Ｆ）にする、オー
トクレーブの圧力と減圧を解放し、硬化した強化複合物
をオートクレーブから取り出し、第６図に示したように
バッグをはがす、硬化した積層物３０からプラスチック
残留物１２及び層２０．２２．２４．２６を除去した後
、強化用エレメント１４の露出した端部５２を研磨ホイ
ール５４で研削する（第７図参照）。
二重片持ばリテストにより、強化材繊維１４が臨界歪エ
ネルギー放出速度をかなりの増大させていることがわか
る０強化された試験片についての走査電子顕微鏡写真か
ら、ホウ素繊維１４による圧入は積層繊維に損傷を与え
ないことがわかる０強化された積層物と強化されていな
い積層物との間の平面内引張強さ及び眉間剪断強さには
、あまり大きな減少は認められなかった。
強化した１６層積層物と３２層積層物に対し、衝撃試験
及び圧縮試験を行った。試験結果から、これらの複合構
造物はかなり強度が増大していることがわかる。本発明
のＺ方向強化材は、構造物の臨界区域や亀裂の入り易い
区域を強化するのに使用することができる。第８図に示
した他の実施ａ様においては、強化用繊維１４°が臨界
区域とアンカー複合物剛化ストリンガ−５６及び５８（
これらは複合積層物６０と共に硬化される）に挿入され
る。
本発明のある特定の実施ａ様について説明してきたが、
５技術者にとっては、強化材構造物の形態、構造物に使
用される物質の種類、及び処理方法に関しては種々の変
形が可能であることは明らかであり、従って本発明は開
示された実施態様あるいはその詳細な説明に限定されな
い、また本発明の精神と範囲を逸脱することなく種々の
変形が可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図は、本発明による強化材構造物の一部分の断面図
である。 第２図は、強化材テープ状構造物を強化されるべきレイ
アップ上に配置した状態を示した図である。 第３図は、処理シーケンスにおける時間−温度関係の略
図である。 第４〜７図は、処理シーケンスを示した一連の略図であ
る。 第８図は、他の実施態様の断面略図である。 （外４名）

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 １、（ａ）対面を有する熱分解可能な物質からなる本体
    ； （ｂ）前記対面の一方の面に対してほぼ垂直に延びてい
    る、前記本体中の複数の強化用エレメント；及び （ｃ）前記の熱分解可能な物質からなる本体が高温に暴
    露されたときに、複合構造物中へ挿入されるための前記
    複数の強化用エレメントに駆動力を加えるための、前記
    対面の他方の面上の増圧構造物 を含む複合構造物のＺ方向を強化するためのトランスラ
    ミナー強化材構造物。 ２、前記の熱分解可能な物質が、室温で安定で相当の剛
    性を有するフォーム状物質であり、前記フォーム状物質
    が前記強化用エレメントに十分な弾性的拘束を及ぼすこ
    とにより、前記複合構造物中への挿入時における座屈が
    防止される、請求項第１項に記載の強化材構造物。 ３、前記の熱分解可能な物質が、ポリ塩化ビニル類、ポ
    リエステル類、ポリエチレン類、ポリプロピレン類、ポ
    リウレタン類、ポリスチレン類、ポリイミド類、酢酸セ
    ルロース類、シリコーン類、及びポリベンズイミダゾー
    ル類からなる群から選ばれる、請求項第１項又は第２項
    に記載の強化材構造物。 ４、前記複数の強化用エレメントが、座屈を起こすこと
    なく前記複合構造物に入り込むだけの十分な剛性を有す
    る、請求項第１〜３項のいずれかに記載の強化材構造物
    。 ５、前記複数の強化用エレメントの物質が、アルミニウ
    ム、ホウ素、炭素もしくはグラファイト、チタン、タン
    グステン、ガラス、炭化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、窒
    化アルミニウム、硬質フェノール樹脂類、硬質ポリイミ
    ド樹脂類、硬質エポキシ樹脂類、及びこれらの物質の複
    合物からなる群から選ばれる、請求項第１〜４項のいず
    れかに記載の強化材構造物。 ６、前記の熱分解可能な物質からなる本体中における前
    記複数の強化用エレメントの容積が約０．５〜５％の範
    囲である、請求項第１〜５項のいずれかに記載の強化材
    構造物。 ７、前記増圧構造物が厚さ約０．０１〜０．５ｍｍのシ
    ートであり、前記対面の他方の面上に固定されている、
    請求項第１〜６項のいずれかに記載の強化材構造物。 ８、前記複数の強化用エレメントが０．０５〜０．５ｍ
    ｍの範囲の断面寸法を有し、前記複数の強化用エレメン
    トのそれぞれが前記断面寸法の少なくとも１０倍の長さ
    を有する、請求項第１〜７項のいずれかに記載の強化材
    構造物。 ９、前記複数の強化用エレメントがそれらの長さに沿っ
    て実質的に均一な断面形状を有し、前記対面の間に存在
    する重合体物質からなる前記本体を貫いて実質的に全距
    離にわたって広がっている、請求項第１〜８項のいずれ
    かに記載の強化材構造物。 １０、（ａ）強化用繊維を樹脂マトリックス中に配列さ
    せてなる複合構造物を与える工程；（ｂ）前記複合構造
    物の表面に強化材構造物を施す工程で、このとき前記強
    化材構造物が、対面を有する熱分解可能な物質からなる
    本体、前記対面の一方の面に対してほぼ垂直に延びてい
    る前記本体中の複数の強化用エレメント、及び前記複数
    の強化用エレメントに駆動力を加えるための他方の対面
    上の増圧構造物を含む；および （ｃ）前記強化材構造物及び前記複合構造物を高温及び
    高圧に暴露する工程で、このとき前記の高温及び高圧の
    影響により前記の熱分解可能な物質の本体が崩壊してい
    くときに、前記強化用エレメントが前記複合構造物中に
    挿入される の工程を含む、複合構造物のＺ方向を強化する方法。 １１、前記の熱分解可能な物質の崩壊温度が、前記マト
    リックス樹脂が硬化しつつあるときの前記マトリックス
    樹脂の最小粘度を示す温度と相関している、請求項第１
    ０項に記載の方法。 １２、前記複数の強化用エレメントがそれらの長さに沿
    ってほぼ均一な断面形状を有し、前記対面の間に存在す
    る熱分解可能な物質からなる前記本体を貫いて実質的に
    全距離にわたって広がっている、請求項第１０項又は第
    １７項に記載の方法。 １３、前記の熱分解可能な物質が、ポリ塩化ビニル類、
    ポリエステル類、ポリエチレン類、ポリプロピレン類、
    ポリウレタン類、ポリスチレン類、ポリイミド類、酢酸
    セルロース類、シリコーン類、及びポリベンズイミダゾ
    ール類からなる群から選ばれ；前記マトリックス樹脂が
    、エポキシ樹脂類、ポリイミド類、ビスマレイミド類、
    フェノール樹脂類、ポリシアヌレート類、ポリエステル
    類、及びビニルエステル類からなる群から選ばれ；前記
    強化用エレメントの物質が、アルミニウム、ホウ素、炭
    素もしくはグラファイト、チタン、タングステン、ガラ
    ス、炭化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、窒化アルミニウム
    、硬質フェノール樹脂類、硬質ポリイミド樹脂類、硬質
    エポキシ樹脂類、及びこれらの物質の複合物からなる群
    から選ばれる、請求項第１０〜１２項のいずれかに記載
    の方法。 １４、崩壊した熱分解可能な物質を前記複合構造物から
    除去する工程、及び前記強化用エレメントの突き出た端
    部を除去して前記の硬化した強化複合構造物の平面を平
    滑にする工程をさらに含む、請求項第１０〜１３項のい
    ずれかに記載の方法。 １５、前記強化用構造物と前記複合構造物を前記強化用
    構造物と前記複合構造物がある熱サイクルにおいて圧力
    と減圧の組合わさった力に暴露されるオートクレーブ構
    造物中に入れる工程をさらに含み、この熱サイクルは初
    期温度上昇させた後ある時間間隔保持することからなり
    、このときこの保持時間間隔において、前記の熱分解可
    能な物質の本体が崩壊して前記複数の強化用エレメント
    が前記複合構造物中に入り込み、そして引き続き前記マ
    トリックス樹脂の硬化を起こさせるのに十分な時間間隔
    が設けられる、請求項第１０〜１４項のいずれかに記載
    の方法。 １６、前記初期温度上昇が少なくとも約０．５℃（１°
    Ｆ）／分の割合であり、前記保持時間間隔が少なくとも
    約９３℃（２００°Ｆ）の温度にて少なくとも１０分で
    あり、前記の引き続き設けられる時間間隔において、前
    記強化用構造物と前記複合構造物が少なくとも約０．５
    ℃（１°Ｆ）／分の温度上昇間隔で第２の温度にされ、
    そして少なくとも約１５０℃（３００°Ｆ）の温度にて
    少なくとも３０分の第２の保持時間間隔に暴露される、
    請求項第１０〜１５項のいずれかに記載の方法。 １７、前記複数の強化用エレメントがそれらの長さに沿
    ってほぼ均一な断面形状を有していて、前記対面の間に
    存在する前記の熱分解可能な物質の本体を貫いて実質的
    に全距離にわたって延在しており、前記複数の強化用エ
    レメントが０．０５〜０．５ｍｍの範囲の断面寸法を有
    し、前記複数の強化用エレメントのそれぞれが前記断面
    寸法の少なくとも１０倍の長さを有し、前記の熱分解可
    能な物質からなる本体中における前記複数の強化用エレ
    メントの容積が約０．５〜５％の範囲であり、前記の熱
    分解可能な物質の崩壊温度が、前記マトリックス樹脂が
    硬化しつつあるときの前記マトリックス樹脂の最小粘度
    を示す温度と相関している、請求項第１０〜１６項のい
    ずれかに記載の方法。
JP31608988A 1987-12-14 1988-12-14 トランスラミナー強化材構造物 Expired - Lifetime JP2744035B2 (ja)

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US07/132,347 US4808461A (en) 1987-12-14 1987-12-14 Composite structure reinforcement
US132347 2002-04-25

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JP2744035B2 JP2744035B2 (ja) 1998-04-28

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FR2624426A1 (fr) 1989-06-16
FR2624426B1 (fr) 1994-01-14
JP2744035B2 (ja) 1998-04-28
DE3839729A1 (de) 1989-06-22
US4808461A (en) 1989-02-28
DE3839729C2 (de) 1997-06-12
GB8828973D0 (en) 1989-01-25

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