JP7487221B2 - 半剛性音響結合物品を製造及び分配する方法、並びに超音波画像化用に包装する方法 - Google Patents
半剛性音響結合物品を製造及び分配する方法、並びに超音波画像化用に包装する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本特許文献は、2019年3月6日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/814,835号、表題「METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING AND DISTRIBUTING SEMI-RIGID ACOUSTIC COUPLING ARTICLES AND PACKAGING FOR ULTRASOUND IMAGING」に対する優先権及びその利益を主張する。上述の特許出願の全内容は、参照により本特許文献の開示の一部として組み込まれる。
本技術によるいくつかの実施形態において、半剛性音響結合媒体(SACM)は、モノマー、ポリマー(例えばブロックコポリマー)、分散相、共有結合性架橋剤、カチオン性架橋剤、触媒及び/又はフリーラジカル開始剤を含む。
半剛性音響結合材の拡張可能でコスト効率の良い迅速な製作のための方法の例示的実施形態が記載され、この方法は、いくつかの実施形態において、音響結合媒体としての即時使用のための、直接出荷するための、及び/又は後の使用のための長期貯蔵のための包装内で直接SACMを生成することができる。本明細書において開示される半剛性音響結合媒体の化学的及び形態学的特徴は、化学構成成分だけでなく、媒体中、金型-溶液界面、及び他の現象のホストにおける物理的相互作用にも依存する。したがって、SACMが製作及び包装される様式は、さらに幾重もの複雑性を製造に追加する。
いくつかの実践において、例えば水溶液中に溶解された場合に分解する酸化還元開始剤は、触媒により促進されると、DMAmビニル付加重合を開始し得る。例えば、TMEDはAPSが重硫酸塩及び硫酸基に分解するのを触媒し、これは温度(例えば5~110℃)及びpHレベル(例えばpH7~10)範囲の幅広いセットにわたって安定である。いくつかの実践において、硫酸基は完全に反応して副生成物として重硫酸塩を生成し、これは棘皮動物、例えばヒトデ、ナマコ、ウミユリ等にある程度の作用を有するが、重要なことには哺乳動物には全く影響がない。いくつかの実践において、より長い反応時間は、平均的に長い動的鎖長(kinetic chain length)を有するSACMを生成し、伸縮性の強くしなやかなSACMを提供する。
いくつかの実践において、本開示の方法は、ビニル付加重合を開始するために照射開始を使用してSACMを製造する。酸化還元開始反応とは異なり、UV、電子ビーム照射(EBI)及びガンマ(γ)線開始反応は、入射放射線曝露まではゲル-ゾルの重合を開始しない。UV開始反応のために、高圧又は低圧水銀灯等のUVエミッタが、UV光を標的に放射する。エミッタ下の距離、周波数、強度及び配置が、線量(J)、すなわちゲル-ゾルにより吸収されるエネルギーの量を計算するために使用されるフルエンス率(J/s)、すなわちエミッタからの所与の距離及び既知のエミッタ長での入射UV光のフラックス率を決定付ける。フルエンス率及び全放射線量は、ゲル化時間、すなわちゲル-ゾルがゲル化するのに要する時間、並びに機械的、音響、及び生体適合特性を決定付ける。いくつかの実践において、UV硬化は、アルケン又はアルキンを分解又は犠牲にしてフリーラジカルを形成する、他の構成成分により吸収されない周波数のUV光を吸収し得る光開始剤を必要とする。形成されると、ラジカル化された光開始剤は反応を急速に開始し、ゲル化までに光開始剤のほぼ全てを使い切る。
上述の例示的実施形態は、様々な半剛性音響結合材料、例えばいくつかの実践においてはヒドロゲル界面パッド(HIP)を製造するために使用され得る。SACMの例示的実践を以下で説明する。
機械的特性はまた、ビニル付加重合反応の拡張により影響される。フリーラジカル連鎖反応は、開始剤がフリーラジカルモノマー、又はその後別のフリーラジカルモノマー若しくは鎖中間体を生成するフリーラジカル鎖中間体を生成する際に開始する。このプロセスは、フリーラジカルのほとんどが反応するまで継続するが、残りのフリーラジカルはその反応を制約する物理的要因に起因して反応することができない。プロセスを以下に要約する。
開始:
正味の反応:
以下の実施例は、本技術のいくつかの実施形態を示す。以下の列挙された実施例の前に、又は以下の列挙された実施例の後に本技術の他の例示的実施形態もまた示される場合がある。
いくつかの実施形態を以下に示す。
項1
音響結合材料を製造する方法であって、
(a)脱酸素水中にモノマー及びポリマーを含む原液と、共有結合性架橋剤及び触媒を含む準備された溶液とを加え合わせることにより、段階的溶液を形成するステップ、
(b)段階的溶液と、モノマー活性化剤を含む第1のネットワーク活性化剤溶液及びポリマー活性化剤を含む第2のネットワーク活性化剤溶液とを混合することにより、ゲル-ゾルを形成するステップ、
(c)ゲル-ゾルを金型に分注するステップ、並びに
(d)ゲル-ゾルを金型内で硬化させて、半剛性音響結合材を生成するステップ
を含み、不活性雰囲気下で行われる方法。
項2
準備された溶液が約23℃で原液に添加される、項1に記載の方法。
項3
第1のネットワーク活性化剤溶液及び第2のネットワーク活性化剤溶液が約15℃で段階的溶液に添加される、項1に記載の方法。
項4
金型がプラスチック又は金属を含む、項1に記載の方法。
項5
プラスチック金型が、熱成形プラスチック、射出成型プラスチック、キャストプラスチック、又は機械加工プラスチックを含む、項4に記載の方法。
項6
金型が、ポリエチレンテレフタレートグリコール(PETG)、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン(ABS)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、非晶質ポリエチレンテレフタレート(APET)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリスチレン(PS)、架橋ポリエチレン(XLPE)、又は熱可塑性ポリウレタン(TPU)の1つ以上を含む、項1に記載の方法。
項7
ステップ(d)の前に、ゲル-ゾルを加熱してゲル化プロセスを加速させるステップ
をさらに含む、項1に記載の方法。
項8
ゲル-ゾルに光を照射するステップ
をさらに含む、項7に記載の方法。
項9
放射線を当てることによりゲル-ゾルを滅菌するステップ
をさらに含む、項1に記載の方法。
項10
半剛性音響結合材を不活性雰囲気下で密封して、酸素吸着を防止するステップ
をさらに含む、項1に記載の方法。
項11
硬化させるステップが、半剛性音響結合材の硬化を加速させる、半剛性音響結合材中の残留モノマーの量を低減する、及び/又は半剛性音響結合材を滅菌するための追加の後硬化ステップを含む、項1に記載の方法。
項12
半剛性音響結合材を出荷用の運搬手段内に充填するステップ
をさらに含む、項1に記載の方法。
項13
原液が調製後少なくとも30分間安定である、項1に記載の方法。
項14
半剛性音響結合材が、小規模で、大規模で、又は小規模及び大規模の両方で製造可能である、項1に記載の方法。
項15
モノマーがアクリルアミドを含む、項1に記載の方法。
項16
アクリルアミドがジメチルアクリルアミド(DMA)である、項15に記載の方法。
項17
コポリマーがアルギネートを含むブロックコポリマーを含む、項1に記載の方法。
項18
アルギネートがアルギン酸ナトリウム(SA)である、項17に記載の方法。
項19
共有結合性架橋剤がアクリルアミドを含む、項1に記載の方法。
項20
アクリルアミドがN',N'-メチレンビスアクリルアミド(MBA)である、項19に記載の方法。
項21
触媒がテトラメチルエチレンジアミン(TMED)である、項1に記載の方法。
項22
モノマー活性化剤が過硫酸アンモニウム(APS)である、項1に記載の方法。
項23
ポリマー活性化剤が硫酸カルシウム(CA)を含むブロックコポリマー活性化剤を含む、項1に記載の方法。
項24
ヒドロゲルを製造する方法であって、
(a)脱酸素水中に1°ネットワーク成分及び2°ネットワーク成分を含む第1の溶液を加熱して、溶液の粘度を低下させるステップ、
(b)第1の溶液を約23℃に冷却し、1°ネットワーク架橋剤及び触媒を含む第2の溶液を添加して、第3の溶液を形成するステップ、
(c)任意選択で、光開始剤を第2の溶液に添加してから、第2の溶液を第1の溶液に添加するステップ、並びに
(d)第3の溶液を約15℃に冷却し、冷やされた1°ネットワーク活性化剤溶液及び冷やされた2°ネットワーク活性化剤溶液を同時に第3の溶液に添加するステップであって、冷やされた1°ネットワーク活性化剤溶液及び冷やされた2°ネットワーク活性化剤溶液を添加すると、1°ネットワーク成分及び2°ネットワーク成分が重合してゲル-ゾルを形成するステップ、並びに
(e)ゲル-ゾルを金型に分注してヒドロゲルを形成するステップ
を含み、ステップ(a)~(e)はそれぞれ不活性雰囲気下で行われる方法。
項25
1°ネットワーク活性化剤を含む溶液及び2°ネットワーク活性化剤を含む溶液が、ステップ(c)で約15℃で段階的溶液に添加される、項24に記載の方法。
項26
ステップ(e)におけるゲル-ゾルが、ポリエチレンテレフタレートグリコール(PETG)トレイに分注される、項24に記載の方法。
項27
ヒドロゲルを炉内に入れる、及び/又は光を照射して硬化プロセスを加速させるステップ
をさらに含む、項24に記載の方法。
項28
ヒドロゲルを不活性雰囲気下で密封して、酸素吸着を防止するステップ
をさらに含む、項24に記載の方法。
項29
ヒドロゲルを出荷用の運搬手段内に充填するステップ
をさらに含む、項24に記載の方法。
項30
1°ネットワーク成分がアクリルアミドを含む、項24に記載の方法。
項31
アクリルアミドがジメチルアクリルアミド(DMA)である、項30に記載の方法。
項32
2°ネットワーク成分がアルギネートを含む、項24に記載の方法。
項33
アルギネートがアルギン酸ナトリウム(SA)である、項32に記載の方法。
項34
1°ネットワーク架橋剤がアクリルアミドを含む、項24に記載の方法。
項35
アクリルアミドがN',N'-メチレンビスアクリルアミド(MBA)である、項34に記載の方法。
項36
触媒がテトラメチルエチレンジアミン(TMED)である、項24に記載の方法。
項37
1°ネットワーク活性化剤が過硫酸アンモニウム(APS)である、項24に記載の方法。
項38
2°ネットワーク活性化剤が硫酸カルシウム(CA)である、項24に記載の方法。
項39
アルギン酸ナトリウムブロックコポリマー(P(SA))及びジメチルアクリルアミドモノマー(DMAm)を含むヒドロゲルを製造する方法であって、
(a)脱酸素水中にアルギン酸ナトリウム(SA)を含む溶液を調製し、脱酸素水中にジメチルアクリルアミド(DMA)を含む溶液を調製するステップ、
(b)SAを含む溶液を濾過して凝集したSAを除去し、SAを含む溶液の濾液を収集するステップ、
(c)DMAを含む溶液を、SAを含む溶液の濾液に添加して、原液を形成するステップ、
(d)原液と、N',N',N,N-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン(TMED)及びN,N'-メチレンビスアクリルアミド(MBA)を含む溶液とを混合して、段階的溶液を形成するステップ、
(e)段階的溶液に硫酸カルシウム(CA)を含む溶液及び過硫酸アンモニウム(APS)を含む溶液を同時に添加するステップであって、DMA及びSAが重合してゲル-ゾルを形成するステップ、
(f)重合したDMA及びSAのゲル-ゾルを金型に分注するステップ、
(g)金型を炉内に入れてゲル-ゾルを硬化させ、任意選択でゲル-溶液に光を照射して硬化を加速させ、ヒドロゲルを形成するステップ、
(h)ヒドロゲルを不活性雰囲気下で密封するステップ、並びに
(g)ヒドロゲルを出荷用の運搬手段内に充填するステップ
を含む方法。
項40
ゲル-ゾルが、UV線、γ線、電子ビーム照射(EBI)又はそれらの組合せで照射される、項39に記載の方法。
項41
約1549m/sの音速(SOS)、約0.14dB/MHz・cmの減衰(ATTN)、約1.597MRaylの音響インピーダンス(Z)、約32kPaのヤング率(E)、又は約-15mmの工学歪み(ε)の特性の少なくとも1つを有するようにヒドロゲルを製造する、項39に記載の方法。
項42
約1549m/sの音速(SOS)、約0.14dB/MHz・cmの減衰(ATTN)、約1.597MRaylの音響インピーダンス(Z)、約32kPaのヤング率(E)、又は約-15mmの工学歪み(ε)の特性の少なくとも2つを有するようにヒドロゲルを製造する、項39に記載の方法。
項43
約1549m/sの音速(SOS)、約0.14dB/MHz・cmの減衰(ATTN)、約1.597MRaylの音響インピーダンス(Z)、約32kPaのヤング率(E)、又は約-15mmの工学歪み(ε)の特性の少なくとも3つを有するようにヒドロゲルを製造する、項39に記載の方法。
項44
約1549m/sの音速(SOS)、約0.14dB/MHz・cmの減衰(ATTN)、約1.597MRaylの音響インピーダンス(Z)、約32kPaのヤング率(E)、又は約-15mmの工学歪み(ε)の特性の少なくとも4つを有するようにヒドロゲルを製造する、項39に記載の方法。
項45
約1549m/sの音速(SOS)、約0.14dB/MHz・cmの減衰(ATTN)、約1.597MRaylの音響インピーダンス(Z)、約32kPaのヤング率(E)、及び約-15mmの工学歪み(ε)の特性を有するようにヒドロゲルを製造する、項39に記載の方法。
項46
受ける側の体に順応して、受ける側の体へ、及びそこから音響信号を半剛性音響結合媒体(SACM)内で伝播するように動作可能であるSACM、及び
その形の少なくとも一部が金型ケーシングにより画定されるようにSACMがその中で生成される金型ケーシングを含む、SACMの外側層に結合する包装容器
を備える音響結合物品。
項47
SACMが包装容器内で成型及び硬化され、その後の出荷の準備が整う、項46に記載の物品。
項48
金型ケーシングがSACMの一部を除く全てを包含する、項46に記載の物品。
項49
包装容器が、ケーシング部品により包含されない部分をカバーするための第2の部品を含む、項48に記載の物品。
項50
SACMが、受ける側の体とSACMとの間で2MRayl以下の音響インピーダンス整合で音響信号を伝播するように動作可能である、項46に記載の物品。
項51
SACMが、SACMの外側層と受ける側の体及び1つ以上のトランスデューサとの間に隙間を有することなく、受ける側の体、及び1つ以上のトランスデューサ素子を有する音響プローブデバイスの両方に順応するように動作可能である、項46に記載の物品。
項52
SACMが10%~1000%の伸長の範囲内で伸縮性である、項51に記載の物品。
項53
SACMが20%~99.9%の範囲内で圧縮性である、項51に記載の物品。
項54
SACMが30kPa~500kPaの範囲内のヤング率での弾性を含む、項51に記載の物品。
項55
SACMが生体適合性材料を含む、項46に記載の物品。
項56
SACMが包装容器内で無菌である、項46に記載の物品。
項57
SACMが包装容器内で清浄及び非無菌である、項46に記載の物品。
Claims (24)
- 超音波画像化用に包装される音響結合材料を製造及び分配する方法であって、
(a)脱酸素水中にモノマー及びポリマーを含む原液と、共有結合性架橋剤及び触媒を含む準備された溶液とを加え合わせることにより、段階的溶液を形成するステップ、
(b)段階的溶液と、モノマー活性化剤を含む第1のネットワーク活性化剤溶液及びポリマー活性化剤を含む第2のネットワーク活性化剤溶液とを混合することにより、ゲル-ゾルを形成するステップ、
(c)ゲル-ゾルを金型に分注するステップ、
(d)ゲル-ゾルを金型内で硬化させて、半剛性音響結合材を生成するステップ
ここで、本方法の(a)~(d)は不活性雰囲気下で行われる、並びに
(e)ゲル-ゾルを金型内でガンマ線(γ線)を含む放射線を当てることで滅菌させて、滅菌半剛性音響結合材を生成するステップ
を含み、
ここで、金型が、滅菌半剛性音響結合材を包装し、微生物に対する無菌バリアを提供し、滅菌半剛性音響結合材の水分を維持する、
方法。 - 準備された溶液が約23℃で原液に添加される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1のネットワーク活性化剤溶液及び第2のネットワーク活性化剤溶液が約15℃で段階的溶液に添加される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 金型がプラスチック又は金属を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- プラスチック金型が、熱成形プラスチック、射出成型プラスチック、キャストプラスチック、又は機械加工プラスチックを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 金型が、ポリエチレンテレフタレートグリコール(PETG)、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン(ABS)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、非晶質ポリエチレンテレフタレート(APET)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリスチレン(PS)、架橋ポリエチレン(XLPE)、又は熱可塑性ポリウレタン(TPU)の1つ以上を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(d)の前に、ゲル-ゾルを加熱してゲル化プロセスを加速させるステップ
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - ゲル-ゾルに光を照射するステップ
をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 半剛性音響結合材を不活性雰囲気下で密封して、酸素吸着を防止するステップ
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 硬化させるステップが、半剛性音響結合材の硬化を加速させる、半剛性音響結合材中の残留モノマーの量を低減する、及び/又は半剛性音響結合材を滅菌するための追加の後硬化ステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 半剛性音響結合材を出荷用の運搬手段内に充填するステップ
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 原液が調製後少なくとも30分間安定である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 半剛性音響結合材が、小規模で、大規模で、又は小規模及び大規模の両方で製造可能である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- モノマーがアクリルアミドを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- アクリルアミドがジメチルアクリルアミド(DMA)である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- ポリマーがアルギネートを含むブロックコポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- アルギネートがアルギン酸ナトリウム(SA)である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 共有結合性架橋剤がアクリルアミドを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- アクリルアミドがN',N'-メチレンビスアクリルアミド(MBA)である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 触媒がテトラメチルエチレンジアミン(TMED)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- モノマー活性化剤が過硫酸アンモニウム(APS)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ポリマー活性化剤が硫酸カルシウム(CA)を含むブロックコポリマー活性化剤を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ゲル-ゾルが分注される金型が、ポリエチレンテレフタレートグリコール(PETG)を含み、γ線に対して透過性である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 金型が、金型ケーシングであって、半剛性音響結合材が、その形の少なくとも一部が該金型ケーシングにより画定されるようにその中で生成される、金型ケーシング、及びケーシング部品により包含されない半剛性音響結合材の部分をカバーするためのカバー部品を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
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PCT/US2020/021456 WO2020181213A1 (en) | 2019-03-06 | 2020-03-06 | Methods for manufacturing and distributing semi-rigid acoustic coupling articles and packaging for ultrasound imaging |
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US (1) | US12017389B2 (ja) |
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