JP7328188B2 - 加工木材製品とその製造方法 - Google Patents
加工木材製品とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7328188B2 JP7328188B2 JP2020146339A JP2020146339A JP7328188B2 JP 7328188 B2 JP7328188 B2 JP 7328188B2 JP 2020146339 A JP2020146339 A JP 2020146339A JP 2020146339 A JP2020146339 A JP 2020146339A JP 7328188 B2 JP7328188 B2 JP 7328188B2
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Classifications
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- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/04—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of flooring elements, e.g. parqueting blocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
- B32B21/13—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board all layers being exclusively wood
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
- E04F15/045—Layered panels only of wood
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N7/00—After-treatment, e.g. reducing swelling or shrinkage, surfacing; Protecting the edges of boards against access of humidity
- B27N7/005—Coating boards, e.g. with a finishing or decorating layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/08—Coating on the layer surface on wood layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
本発明の第3の態様では、加工木材製品の製造方法であって、
平衡含水量を実質的に有する複数の天然木片を供給する工程と、
熱可塑性樹脂と架橋剤を含有する熱可塑性接着剤を木片に塗布して、接着剤塗布木片を形成する工程と、
任意選択で接着剤塗布木片を加熱して、加熱された接着剤塗布木片を形成する工程と、
接着剤塗布木片を望ましい形状に組み立てて、組み立て接着剤塗布木片を形成する工程と、
少なくとも部分的に硬化した加工木材製品をプレス機から取り外す工程と、
部分的に硬化した加工木材製品を任意選択で更に硬化して、平衡含水量を実質的に有する加工木材製品を提供する工程と、を含む、
本発明の第4の態様では、第3の態様の工程により形成される加工木材製品を開示する。
一実施形態では、加工木材製品は外面使用に適しており、最終使用に適した望ましい物理特性と美的外観を有する。
一実施形態では、木材はユーカリである。
一実施形態では、木片は低価値木材から製造する。
一実施形態では、複数の天然木片の平衡含水量は、マツで約5重量%(w/w)~約15重量%(w/w)である。
一実施形態では、熱可塑性樹脂はポリビニルエステルである。
一実施形態では、熱可塑性樹脂は、ポリ酢酸ビニルもしくはポリ酢酸ビニルの共重合体または加水分解物である。
特定の実施形態では、架橋剤は塩化アルミニウムである。他の特定の実施形態では、架橋剤はp-トルエンスルホン酸である。
一実施形態では、熱可塑性樹脂と架橋剤を含有する熱可塑性接着剤は、水性エマルジョンである。
一実施形態では、熱可塑性接着剤は、手、ブラシ、スプレー、ローラー、機械、浸漬、および/またはカーテン/押し出し被覆機により木片に塗布する。
熱可塑性樹脂および架橋剤は一緒に(すなわち、同時に)または別々に木片に塗布することができる。
一実施形態では、望ましい形状に組み立てて圧縮する前に、接着剤塗布木片を予熱する。
一実施形態では、接着剤塗布木片は、約50℃~約200℃まで加熱する。
一実施形態では、接着剤塗布木片は約1分~約40分間、加熱する。
一実施形態では、乾燥した接着剤塗布木片をモールド内で組み立てる。
一実施形態では、圧縮ステップにおいて、組み立て接着剤塗布木片に、約4~20Mpaの圧力をかける。
一実施形態では、圧縮ステップは約5分~約90分とする。
一実施形態では、組み立てられた木片を圧縮ステップにおいて加熱し、少なくとも部分的に硬化した加工木材製品をまだ温かいうちにモールドから取り外す。
一実施形態では、複数の天然木片は、加工中に隣接する木片同士が互いの形状に適合するように、機械的に変形させる。
一実施形態では、組み立てられた木片各々のべニア断面が圧縮前と圧縮後で異なる。
一実施形態では、部分的に硬化した加工木材製品を更に硬化して、加工木材製品を提供する。
このようにして、本発明では、先行技術のアプローチに関連した基本的問題点を克服する新たなアプローチを提供する。
本発明では、加工木材製品の製造工程であって、
平衡含水量を実質的に有する複数の天然木片を供給する工程と、、
熱可塑性樹脂と架橋剤を含有する熱可塑性接着剤を木片に塗布して、接着剤塗布木片を形成する工程と、
任意選択で接着剤塗布木片を加熱して、加熱された接着剤塗布木片を形成する工程と、
接着剤塗布木片を望ましい形状に組み立てて、組み立て接着剤塗布木片を形成する工程と、
少なくとも部分的に硬化した加工木材製品をプレス機から取り外す工程と、
部分的に硬化した加工木材製品を任意選択で更に硬化して、平衡含水量を実質的に有する加工木材製品を提供する工程と、を含む、
加工木材製品の製造方法を提供する。
天然木片は天然木材の外観を有し、加工木材製品は、木材製品の木目を見せて本物の魅力が引き出される用途への使用に適して点が有利である。
特定の実施形態では、架橋剤は塩化アルミニウムである。他の特定の実施形態では、架橋剤はP-トルエンスルホン酸である。
架橋剤量は、0.1~20重量%としてもよい。
接着剤の物理特性を事前に選択して、室温より低温のTgとすることにより、製品の通常使用温度で接着剤は、「ゴム状」になる。
本明細書記載の工程により形成される加工木材製品も本明細書で提供される。
試験-沸騰水中での加工木材ブロックの膨張
初期および最終(試験後)のブロックのx, z,およびy寸法(図2)を計測し、次の方程式を用いて膨張率を計算した。
試験-改良型Janka硬度試験
試験-動的粘弾性測定(DMA)
試験-弾性係数(MOE)および破壊係数(MOR)
ASTMD1037-06aに基づいて、インストロン引張試験機を用いて、3点曲げモードで、典型的な90mm間隔により、MOEとMORを評価した。
すべてのサンプルの試験結果は、特に明記しない限り、表2に示す。
実施例1-シドニーブルーガムと架橋型接着剤を用いた加工木材製品の製造
実施例2-非架橋型接着剤を用いた加工木材製品の製造試験
非架橋型PVA接着剤であるSelleys Aquadhereを接着剤として用いた他は、実施例1と同様の方法でブロック状の加工木材製品を製造した。
この実施例は、架橋しない接着剤を用いるとベニヤ片を十分に接着することができず、ブロック状の加工木材製品は試験で不合格となったことを示す。(図3)
実施例3~5-低レベルの架橋型接着剤を用いた加工木材製品の製造試験
これらの実施例は、低レベルの架橋を示す接着剤からは望ましい結果が得られないことを示す。
実施例6~8-他の架橋型接着剤を用いた加工木材製品の製造
これらの実施例は、十分なレベルの接着および架橋を示す接着剤を用いて製造するブロック状の加工木材製品が、煮沸試験に合格することを示す。
実施例9-追加の架橋型添加剤(グリオキサール)を添加した加工木材製品の製造
実施例10-追加の架橋添加剤(グルタルアルデヒド)を添加した加工木材製品の製造
ラジアータパインベニヤを用いた他は、実施例1と同様の方法で、ブロック状の加工木材製品を製造した。
この実施例は、代替材種(この場合は軟材)を使用して、良好な加工木材製品を製造できる、ことを示す。
ラジアータパインベニヤを用いた他は、実施例2と同様の方法で、ブロック状の加工木材製品を製造した。
この実施例は、架橋しない接着剤を使用するとベニヤ片を十分に接着させることができず、ブロック状の加工木材製品は不合格となる、ことを示す。
ラジアータパインベニヤを用いた他は、実施例7と同様の方法で、ブロック状の加工木材製品を製造した。
この実施例は、固化形状を保持するモノリスを形成するために、すべての接着剤が使用できるわけではない、ことを示す。
接着剤に5wt%のグリオキサールを添加した他は、実施例11と同様の方法で、プレス時間20分で、ブロック状の加工木材製品を製造した。
プレス機でより長い硬化時間(40分)を実施した他は、実施例15と同様の方法で、ブロック状の加工木材製品を製造した。
オーブンにて、120℃で2時間、後加熱処理を行った他は、実施例16と同様の方法で、ブロック状の加工木材製品を製造した。
この実施例は、この方法を使用して製造したブロック状の加工木材製品は、高温で安定している、ことを示す。
木材ベニヤの代わりに竹のストランドを用いた他は、実施例1と同様の方法で、ブロック状の加工木材製品を製造した。
実施例24-過度に厚みのあるベニヤを用いた、加工木材製品の製造試験
プレス中に加熱しなかった他は、実施例1と同様の方法で、ブロック状の加工木材製品を製造した。
これは、室温硬化型接着剤を含有する木材ブロックを周囲温度で硬化することにより、ブロック状の加工木材製品を製造できる、ことを示す。
実施例28-高い含水率を有するベニヤを用いた、加工木材製品の製造試験
この実施例は、極度に高い含水率は望ましくない、ことを示す。
実施例29-ホットリリース後に後熱処理を施す、加工木材製品の製造
実施例30~35-異なる配列のベニヤを利用した、加工木材製品の製造
表2-実施例に従って製造した、ブロック状の加工木材製品の物理的特性および機械的特性 (Ex#は実施例番号)
注記:「保持形状」:モールドから取り外した後、モノリシックな圧縮形状を保持すること。
「煮沸試験」:3時間の煮沸中、実質的に形状を保持し、著しく壊れたりひびが入らない、こと。
MOE:弾性係数、MOR:破壊係数。
(Ex #は実施例番号)
Claims (10)
- パーティクルボード以外の加工木材製品であって、臨界架橋量を超えて架橋された熱可塑性接着剤により、接着接合した複数の天然木片を含み、
前記加工木材製品は、100℃~105℃で煮沸試験を行ったとき、その固化形状を保持し、架橋した熱可塑性接着剤は、70℃未満のガラス転移点を有し、使用温度でゴム状である、ことを特徴とする加工木材製品。 - 加工木材製品中の架橋した熱可塑性接着剤は30℃未満のガラス転移点を有する、ことを特 徴とする請求項1に記載の加工木材製品。
- 加工木材製品中の架橋した熱可塑性接着剤は20℃未満のガラス転移点を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の加工木材製品。
- 複数の天然木片の隣接する木片は、形状が互いに適合している、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の加工木材製品。
- 加工木材製品は15重量% (w/w)未満の接着剤を含有する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載 の加工木材製品。
- パーティクルボード以外の加工木材製品であって、臨界架橋量を超えて架橋された熱可塑性接着剤により、接着接合した複数の天然木片を含み、
架橋した熱可塑性接着剤は、70℃未満のガラス転移点を有し、使用温度でゴム状であり、
組み立てられた各木片は圧縮前のべニア断面と異なるべニア断面を有する、ことを特徴とする加工木材製品。 - 加工木材製品中の架橋した熱可塑性接着剤は、30℃未満のガラス転移点を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の加工木材製品。
- 加工木材製品中の架橋した熱可塑性接着剤は、20℃未満のガラス転移点を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の加工木材製品。
- 複数の天然木片は、木片同士が互いの形状に適合するように機械的に変形された、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の加工木材製品。
- 加工木材製品は、15重量% (w/w)未満の接着剤を含有する、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の加工木材製品。
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CN109747008B (zh) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-10-16 | 湖南桃花江竹材科技股份有限公司 | 一种组装成型的竹轨枕及其制备方法 |
CN110405872A (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-11-05 | 中南林业科技大学 | 一种集成材快速热压成型方法 |
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WO2017011857A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
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CN107848140A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
CN107848140B (zh) | 2023-05-26 |
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EP3325239B1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
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US20200009760A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
MY184917A (en) | 2021-04-30 |
PL3325239T3 (pl) | 2022-09-19 |
BR112018001278A2 (pt) | 2018-09-11 |
JP2018528110A (ja) | 2018-09-27 |
CN116533348A (zh) | 2023-08-04 |
RU2018105022A3 (ja) | 2019-12-23 |
RU2724496C2 (ru) | 2020-06-23 |
CA2992489C (en) | 2023-09-26 |
EP3325239A4 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
AU2016295417B2 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
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RU2018105022A (ru) | 2019-08-26 |
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