CN111851934A - Gmt材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

Gmt材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN111851934A
CN111851934A CN202010825102.2A CN202010825102A CN111851934A CN 111851934 A CN111851934 A CN 111851934A CN 202010825102 A CN202010825102 A CN 202010825102A CN 111851934 A CN111851934 A CN 111851934A
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China
Prior art keywords
plate
gmt material
composite floor
thickness
solid wood
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CN202010825102.2A
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李旭阳
吴政坚
孙厚发
束彩霞
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Daya Jiangsu Floor Co ltd
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Daya Jiangsu Floor Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010825102.2A priority Critical patent/CN111851934A/zh
Publication of CN111851934A publication Critical patent/CN111851934A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • E04F15/041—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members with a top layer of wood in combination with a lower layer of other material
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于地板技术领域，涉及实木复合地板，尤其涉及一种GMT材料内衬层薄木皮实木复合地板，由上至下依次包括表板、GMT材料层、衬板、芯板和背板，各部件以胶黏剂胶接而成，其中，所述GMT材料层厚度1.2～2.6mm，玻璃纤维含量25～45%。本发明还公开了所述地板的制备工艺。本发明所公开的GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，具有较好抗压性能、轻量化、安全阻燃、隔音、耐热，并且具备良好的力学性能，在强韧性、弹性和抗冲击韧性等多方面性能具有良好的表现；在耐化学腐蚀性能和耐环境应力开裂性等性能表现优异。制备工艺简单高效，原料来源丰富、价格低廉，部分物料可实现有效的回收再利用。

Description

GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于地板技术领域，涉及实木复合地板，尤其涉及一种GMT材料内衬层薄木皮实木复合地板及其制备工艺。
背景技术
近年来，室内外铺装的实木复合地板以三层实木复合地板和多层实木复合地板为主。三层实木复合地板结构为表板、芯板与背板进行结合，由于芯板干燥后需要锯切加工，木材的利用率相对较低，三层实木复合地板的表板厚度一般为3～4mm，硬木使用量大，成本也较高。多层实木复合地板，由表板与胶合板组成，层数较多，胶水使用量大，环保性有待提高；多层胶合板开槽后，企口或者锁扣处非常粗糙，视觉很不美观；由于胶水使用量大，胶线多，开榫头和榫槽时极大缩短了刀具的利用率和使用寿命，从而增加额外的加工成本。
在硬木原材料越来越紧缺的大环境下，业内关注到了这个问题。为了应对这种现状，地板行业采用了多种技术手段。比如：中国专利206128546U公开了一种实木复合地板，包括表层、次表结构层、芯层、底层结构层及防变形对称底层，共五层结构，所述表层为薄木或浸渍纸，次表结构层和底层结构层为旋切单板，芯层为厚度5～14mm的旋切木材层，防变形对称底层为浸渍纸或薄木。
目前市面上的薄木皮实木地板都用速生材为衬板，以此来减小地板硬实木表板的厚度，但是速生材普遍质软，薄木皮实木复合地板的表面强度不足，特别是超薄木皮，当与尖锐物体撞击很容易留下凹坑。
玻璃纤维毡增强热塑性复合板材(轻质GMT，Glass fiber Mat reinforcedThermoplastics)，是以热塑性树脂为基体，长玻璃纤维毡或连续玻璃纤维毡为增强物的复合材料，由连续玻璃纤维毡和热塑性树脂纤维复合而成，是绿色环保材料，具有轻质环保、吸音、高强韧性、优良的抗化学腐蚀性和环境适应性等特点。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的不足，本发明的目的是公开一种GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板。
一种GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，由上至下依次包括表板、GMT材料层、衬板、芯板和背板，其中，所述GMT材料层厚度1.2～2.6mm，玻璃纤维含量25～45％，优选厚度2.4mm，玻璃纤维含量30±4％。
进一步的，所述的GMT材料，市售，以PP树脂为基体。GMT-pp材料制品成型工艺简单、成型周期短，易大规模生产，成本低，且重量轻，力学性能好。
本发明较优公开例中，所述表板为旋切或刨切薄木皮，独幅面或者单元片拼接而成，厚度0.2～1.2mm，其表面设有涂饰层。
本发明较优公开例中，所述衬板为厚度1.2～1.8mm的速生材，优选1.2mm的桉木或杨木。
本发明较优公开例中，所述芯板为厚度5.8～9.8mm的锯切木条，优选7.8mm的松木。
本发明较优公开例中，所述背板为厚度1.9～2.1mm的速生材，优选2.0mm的松木。
本发明还有一个目的，在于公开了上述GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板的制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
A、表板制备：选取优质硬木树种，刨切或旋切成木皮，厚度为1.2～2.4mm，含水率为5～8％；
B、GMT材料层制备：裁切成合适的规格；
C、制备衬板：选取桉木，旋切木皮，厚度为1.2mm，含水率为5～8％；
D、制备芯板：芯板干燥含水率6～9％，将芯板原料进行锯切，制成7.8mm±1.8的长木条；
E、背板制作：干燥窑干燥，使底板含水率为5～6.5％，剪切成所需厚度和幅面的背板；
F、涂胶：在表板及衬板的胶合面上涂布环氧树脂胶黏剂，涂布量220～230g/m2；
G、组坯压合：将表板层，芯板，背板合板压合，压力为8.5～9.5kg/cm2，时间19～21min；
H、养生：组坯后的板材置入养生间24h，温度40～60℃，移出，待板面温度平衡至室温；
I、组坯压合：衬板、背板涂太尔改性酚醛胶，涂胶量160～180g/㎡，温度120～130℃，时间10±0.5min，热压压力200～225MPa，将经热压后的板坯养生2～4d，温度22～26℃，湿度38～45％，养生结束后，精确定位进行剖分；
J、砂光定厚：用定厚砂光机对复合地板进行定厚，公差为±0.2mm；
K、开榫：开企口或锁扣；
L、油漆：水性底-防裂油漆-耐磨底漆-加硬底漆-砂光底漆-2道面漆；
M、验等包装。
本发明较优公开例中，步骤E所述的环氧树脂胶胶黏剂，按照如下比例进行配制：A、E-51环氧树脂用量20g,苯酚-甲醛-四乙烯五胺加成物用量9g，N-330聚醚用量4g，B、DMP-30二甲胺甲基苯酚用量1g，C、KH-550硅烷偶联剂用量1g，石英粉(270目)用量6g，三类物料按照质量比为A：B：C＝30：10：1混合均匀后使用。
本发明较优公开例中，步骤F所述将表板、衬板、GMT材料层，合板压合，压力为9kg/cm2，时间20min。
本发明较优公开例中，步骤H所述背板涂太尔改性酚醛胶，涂胶量190～200g/㎡，温度95～98℃，时间300s，热压压力205MPa。
有益效果
本发明公开的GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，具有较好抗压性能、轻量化、安全阻燃、隔音、耐热，并且具备良好的力学性能，在强韧性、弹性和抗冲击韧性等多方面性能具有良好的表现；在耐化学腐蚀性能和耐环境应力开裂性等性能表现优异。制备工艺简单高效，原料来源丰富、价格低廉，部分物料可实现有效的回收再利用。
附图说明
图1.GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板的结构示意图，
其中，各部件分别为：1、表板，2、GMT材料层，3、衬板，4、芯板，5、背板，6、涂饰层。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明，以使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明，但本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
实施例1
一种GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，由上至下依次包括表板1、GMT材料层2、衬板3、芯板4和背板5，各部件以胶黏剂胶接而成，其中，所述GMT材料层2厚度为1.2mm，玻璃纤维含量25％；所述的GMT材料，以PP树脂为基体，GMT-pp材料制品成型工艺简单；所述表板1为旋切或刨切薄木皮，独幅面或者单元片拼接而成，厚度为0.6mm，其表面设有涂饰层6；所述衬板3为厚度1.2mm的速生材；所述芯板4为厚度5.8mm的锯切木条；所述背板5为厚度1.9mm的速生材。
实施例2
一种GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，由上至下依次包括表板1、GMT材料层2、衬板3、芯板4和背板5，各部件以胶黏剂胶接而成，其中，所述GMT材料层2厚度2.4mm，玻璃纤维含量30±4％；所述的GMT材料，以PP树脂为基体，GMT-pp材料制品成型工艺简单；所述表板1为旋切或刨切薄木皮，独幅面或者单元片拼接而成，厚度为1.2mm，其表面设有涂饰层6；所述衬板3为厚度1.2mm的桉木或杨木；所述芯板4为厚度7.8mm的松木；所述背板5为厚度2.0mm的松木。
实施例3
一种GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，由上至下依次包括表板1、GMT材料层2、衬板3、芯板4和背板5，各部件以胶黏剂胶接而成，其中，所述GMT材料层2厚度为2.6mm，玻璃纤维含量45％；所述的GMT材料，以PP树脂为基体，GMT-pp材料制品成型工艺简单；所述表板1为旋切或刨切薄木皮，独幅面或者单元片拼接而成，厚度为1.2mm，其表面设有涂饰层6；所述衬板3为厚度1.8mm的速生材；所述芯板4为厚度9.8mm的锯切木条；所述背板5为厚度2.1mm的速生材。
实施例4
表板是1.2mm的山核桃刨切独幅木皮，2.4mm的GMT-PP材料板材，衬板为1.2mm桉木，玻璃纤维含量30±4％，芯板为7.8mm云杉锯切木条，背板为1.9mm鱼鳞松。
所述GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板的制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
A、表板制备：选取优质硬木树种，刨切或旋切成木皮，厚度为1.2mm，含水率为5～8％；
B、制备衬板：选取桉木，旋切木皮，厚度为1.2mm，含水率为5-8％；
C、制备芯板：芯板干燥含水率6～9％，将芯板原料进行锯切，制成7.8mm±1.8的长木条；
D、背板制作：利用干燥窑，使底板含水率为5～6.5％，剪切成所需厚度和幅面的背板；
E、涂胶：在表板及衬板的胶合面上涂布环氧树脂胶黏剂，涂布量220～230g/m2；
F、组胚压和：将表板、衬板、GMT材料层，合板压合，压力为9kg/cm2，时间20min；
G、养生：将组坯后的板材置入养生间24h，温度60℃，然后移出，待板面温度平衡至室温；H、贴背板养生：将背板涂太尔改性酚醛胶，涂胶量190-200g/㎡，温度95℃，时间300s，热压压力205MPa，将经热压后的板坯养生2d，温度22～26℃，湿度38～45％，养生结束后，精确定位进行剖分；
I、砂光定厚：用定厚砂光机对复合地板进行定厚，公差为±0.2mm；
J、开榫：开企口或锁扣；
K、油漆：水性底-防裂油漆-耐磨底漆-加硬底漆-砂光底漆-2道面漆；
L、验等包装。
实施例5
表板是1.2mm的番龙眼刨切独幅木皮，2.4mm的GMT-PP材料板材，玻璃纤维含量40％±4，衬板为1.2mm桉木，芯板为7.8mm云杉锯切木条，背板为1.9mm鱼鳞松，木皮表板先与衬板压合，然后再与芯板和背板，压合成型，再经过砂光，开榫，油漆等工序。
实施例6
表板是1.2mm的柞木刨切单元片拼接木皮，2.4mm的GMT-PP材料板材，玻璃纤维含量30％±4，衬板为1.2mm桉木，芯板为7.8mm云杉锯切木条，背板为1.9mm鱼鳞松，木皮表板先与衬板压合，然后再与芯板和背板，压合成型，再经过砂光，开榫，油漆等工序。
Figure BDA0002635919030000051
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，由上至下依次包括表板（1）、GMT材料层（2）、衬板（3）、芯板（4）和背板（5），各部件以胶黏剂胶接而成，其特征在于：所述GMT材料层（2）厚度1.2～2.6mm，玻璃纤维含量25～45%。
2.根据权利要求1所述GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，其特征在于：所述GMT材料层（2）厚度2.4mm，玻璃纤维含量30±4%。
3.根据权利要求1所述GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，其特征在于：所述表板（1）为旋切或刨切薄木皮，独幅面或者单元片拼接而成，厚度0.6～1.2mm，其表面设有涂饰层（6）。
4.根据权利要求1所述GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，其特征在于：所述衬板（3）为厚度1.2～1.8mm的速生材，优选1.2mm的桉木或杨木。
5.根据权利要求1所述GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，其特征在于：所述芯板（4）为厚度5.8～9.8mm的锯切木条，优选7.8mm的松木。
6.根据权利要求1所述GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板，其特征在于：所述背板（5）为厚度1.9～2.1mm的速生材，优选2.0mm的松木。
7.制备如权利要求1-6任一所述GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板的工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
A、表板制备：选取优质硬木树种，刨切或旋切成木皮，厚度为1.2～2.4mm，含水率为5～8%；
B、制备衬板：选取桉木，旋切木皮，厚度为1.2mm，含水率为5～8%；
C、制备芯板：芯板干燥含水率6～9%，将芯板原料进行锯切，制成7.8mm±1.8的长木条；
D、背板制作：干燥窑干燥，使底板含水率为5～6.5%，剪切成所需厚度和幅面的背板；
E、涂胶：在表板及衬板的胶合面上涂布环氧树脂胶黏剂，涂布量220～230g/m2；
F、组坯压合：将表板、衬板、GMT材料层，合板压合，压力为8.5～9.5kg/cm2，时间19～21min；
G、养生：组坯后的板材置入养生间24h，温度40～60℃，移出，待板面温度平衡至室温；
H、贴背板养生：背板涂太尔改性酚醛胶，涂胶量190～200g/㎡，温度95～98℃，时间295～305s，热压压力200～210MPa，将经热压后的板坯养生2～4d，温度22～26℃，湿度38～45％，养生结束后，精确定位进行剖分；
I、砂光定厚：用定厚砂光机对复合地板进行定厚，公差为±0.2mm；
J、开榫：开企口或锁扣；
K、油漆：水性底-防裂油漆-耐磨底漆-加硬底漆-砂光底漆-2道面漆；
L、验等包装。
8.根据权利要求7所述GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板的制备工艺，其特征在于：步骤E所述的环氧树脂胶胶黏剂，按照如下比例进行配制：A、E-51环氧树脂用量20g, 苯酚-甲醛-四乙烯五胺加成物用量9g，N-330聚醚用量4g，B、DMP-30二甲胺甲基苯酚用量1g，C、KH-550硅烷偶联剂用量1g，石英粉用量6g，三类物料按照质量比A：B：C为30：10：1混合均匀后使用。
9.根据权利要求7所述GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板的制备工艺，其特征在于：步骤F所述将表板、衬板、GMT材料层，合板压合，压力为9kg/cm2，时间20min。
10.根据权利要求7所述GMT材料内衬层薄皮实木复合地板的制备工艺，其特征在于：步骤H所述背板涂太尔改性酚醛胶，涂胶量190～200g/㎡，温度95～98℃，时间300s，热压压力205MPa。
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