JP7312754B2 - スマート振動型呼気陽圧器具 - Google Patents
スマート振動型呼気陽圧器具 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7312754B2 JP7312754B2 JP2020537143A JP2020537143A JP7312754B2 JP 7312754 B2 JP7312754 B2 JP 7312754B2 JP 2020537143 A JP2020537143 A JP 2020537143A JP 2020537143 A JP2020537143 A JP 2020537143A JP 7312754 B2 JP7312754 B2 JP 7312754B2
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- positive expiratory
- expiratory pressure
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
Description
本願は、2018年7月17日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/699,338号(発明の名称は、”Smart Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure Device”である)および2018年1月4日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/613,685号(この発明の名称もまた、”Smart Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure Device”である)の権益主張出願であり、これら米国特許仮出願を参照により引用し、これらの開示内容全体を本明細書の一部とする。
「入力」という用語は、スマートOPEPシステムに入る任意の情報を意味し、この入力は、センサからの生データ、ユーザによって入力されたプロセスまたは個人データを開始するための指令の形態を取るのが良い。例えば、入力は、1つまたは2つ以上の入力コンポーネント、例えばセンサからの信号であるのが良い。例えば、図3および図4に示されているように、圧力センサ52がシステムまたはチャンバ48内の圧力の関数として電気信号を発生させる。圧力センサは、上述した性能特性のうちの任意のものを計算するとともにユーザの技術を評価するために使用できる。センサ組立体54は、プリント回路板(PCB)上に配置された圧力センサ52のためのハウジング202をBTLEモジュール56、プロセッサ(例えば、マイクロプロセッサ)60、LED表示器154、メモリ、ワイヤレス通信機能およびバッテリ58または太陽光支援充電を含むのが良く、このセンサ組立体は、出力コンポーネント、例えばユーザの(患者、介護者および/または他の認可ユーザ)コンピューティング装置、例えばスマートフォンまたはタブレット型コンピュータを含むモバイル装置62と通信するのが良い。この組立体は、図66A~図69および図79~図84に示されたリムーバブル制御モジュール608,908として構成されているのが良い。単一の圧力センサ52が測定要件の全てを提供することができる。圧力センサは、差動式、絶対型またはゲージ型のセンサであるのが良い。センサ組立体は、カバー64がこの組立体にかぶせられた状態でOPEP器具に結合される。入力コンポーネントは、これがチャンバ48内の圧力または流量を検出しまたは測定することができる場合、入力コンポーネントが例えばメンブレンまたは他の基材(例えば、図60、図61および図68を参照されたい)によってチャンバの内部から離隔されている場合であっても、チャンバ48と「連絡」状態にあると考えられる。入力コンポーネントは、流量および/または圧力を検出して流量または圧力と相関関係にある入力信号を発生するよう動作する。
COPD用のセント・ジョージ(St. George)の呼吸に関するアンケート
単純化されたアンケート
ユーザの日誌
ステップ/日
ユーザが座っている時間数
図22および図23を参照すると、出力は、スマートOPEP「システム」を出ている新情報として定義され、この情報は、出力コンポーネントによって伝えられる。出力は、視覚的、聴覚的(可聴式)、および感覚フィードバックの形態を取ることができ、またはかかる出力をユーザの生活の質および疾患の進捗状況に関連付けることができる。多くの出力および出力コンポーネントが適しており、かかる出力および出力コンポーネントとしては、スマートOPEP中に容易に一体化でき、そして幾つかのレベルのフィードバックを可能にする視覚的出力コンポーネントが挙げられる。例えば、各々が異なる色を持つ3つのLED152のアレイ150は、入力が低い場合、高い場合、または許容可能である場合かどうかを指示することができる。3つの別々のLED(例えば、赤色、アンバー色および緑色)の代わりに、単一の三色LED154もまた使用できる。4つ以上の不連続状体のフィードバックが必要とされる場合、LEDアレイのうちの1つまたバーグラフ156を用いることができる。
この特徴は、特定の性能標的に基づいてフィードバックをユーザにもたらす。例えば、平均圧力が10~15cmH2O内にあるべき場合、この特徴は、この平均圧力が高すぎること、低すぎること、または許容可能であることをユーザに通知することになる。性能標的を患者にもしくは保健医療提供者によって設定されるのが良く、または一般的に受け入れられている治療プロトコルに基づいてデフォルトで限度になるのが良い。
表1:性能特性
図35を参照すると、患者またはHCPには圧力特性が超えた場合に通知されるのが良い。この特徴の主目的は、患者の安全を保証することにあり、しかも先の特徴の単純化されたバージョンである。例えば、OPEP治療は、術後に用いられ、患者は、ある特定の圧力よりも低い状態のままでいる必要がある場合がある。図35の流れ図は、図25の流れ図と類似しているが、上限のみを含む。上述の出力のうちの任意のもの、例えば視覚、聴覚、振動、またはスマートフォンディスプレイがこの特徴において使用できる。
先の特徴は、入力が高い、低い、または許容可能である場合にのみユーザに知らせることができる。追加の特徴は、所望の性能特性の定量的リアルタイムフィードバックを提供する。
10.2.1.圧力センサ
10.2.2.屈曲センサ
10.2.3.非接触位置センサ
10.2.4.LVDT
10.2.5.導電性メンブレン
10.2.6.ホール効果センサ
10.2.7.光カーテン
10.2.8.流量センサ
10.2.9.ポテンシオメータベーン
10.2.10.圧電屈曲センサ
10.2.11.LED/光センサ
10.2.12.近接センサ
10.2.13.加速度計
10.2.14.マイクロフォン
10.3.1.山および谷の検出
10.3.2.平均の山
10.3.3.平均の谷
10.3.4.振幅
10.3.5.平均圧力
10.3.6.真の平均圧力
10.3.7.周波数
別の特徴は、患者またはHCPが先のセッションからのDFPデータを再検討するためのやり方を提供する。DFPデータを経時的に表示することができ、ユーザは、何らかの時間的要素によってデータを検索して表示することができ、かかる要素としては、例えば、日、週、月、年、またはオールタイムが挙げられるが、これらには限定されない。これにより、ユーザは、性能の動向を迅速に可視化することができる。
この特徴は、適正な抵抗設定値に関するフィードバックをユーザに提供する。一実施形態では、OPEP装置は、周波数、振幅および平均圧力性能を変更する5つの抵抗設定値をもたらす。流量が所与の場合、抵抗設定値を増大させることにより、周波数および圧力特性が増大する。一実施形態では、例えば、Aeobika(登録商標)OPEP装置IFUでは、正確な抵抗設定値は、過度に疲労することなく、10~20分の間、1:3または1:4のI:E比を生じさせることになる。したがって、入力は、吸気および呼気サイクルの開始と終了を識別するために使用されることになる。考えられる幾つかの入力としては、流量センサ、圧力センサ、またはマイクロフォンが挙げられる。
センサ1がONでありかつセンサ2がOFFである場合、流れは呼気である。
センサ1がONでありかつセンサ2がONである場合、流れは吸気である。
この特徴は、先のDFPデータを分析して設定値推奨をもたらすことになる。この特徴は、各呼吸についてI:E比を計算することができ、次にセッションのための平均I:E比を計算することができる。平均I:E比に基づいて、この特徴は、図37に示されるとともに/あるいは上述したロジックを用いて設定値変更推奨を行うことになる。
この特徴は、ユーザにIFUに基づくOPEP操作を実施するための適正な技術について訓練および指導を提供し、この特徴を他の装置についてアップデートするのが良い。一実施形態では、この特徴は、アプリの形態を取ることができ、BTLEを介してOPEP装置と通信することになる(詳細については図4を参照されたい)。
指導特徴に加えて、スマートOPEP器具は、ユーザが正確な治療計画に従うのを助けることができる。セッション支援特徴は、ユーザまたはHCPがOPEPセッションを完了するのを助ける。初めてのユーザの場合、OPEPセッションは、混乱を招くとともに複雑である場合がある。ユーザは、呼吸回数を計数し、適正な技術を思い出し、「ハフィング(Huff)」咳を行う時期を思い出すことなどをする必要がある。例えば、Aerobika(登録商標)OPEP器具のIFUは、以下のステップ、すなわち、10~20回のOPEP操作または呼吸を実施するステップ、少なくとも10回の呼吸後に2~3回の「ハフィング」咳をするステップ、10~20分間定期的に1日に2回繰り返し、必要ならば1日に3~4回まで増大させるステップを推奨する。
この特徴は、定量的データを定性的データに変換し、ユーザ、HCP、または支払者は、これを理解するのが容易である。3つのステップ、すなわち、ユーザの生活の質(QOL)スコアを求めるステップ、過去のDFPパフォーマンスをQOLスコアに相関させるステップ、およびDFPパフォーマンス動向に基づいてQOLスコアを予測するステップが必要とされる。種々の入力を用いると、QOLスコアを計算することができ、このQOLスコアは、DFPパフォーマンスに相関的に関連付けられることになる。入力は、定性的と定量的の両方であるのが良い。アルゴリズムを様々な疾患形式に合わせて作ることができまたは調節することができる。QOL入力のうちの幾つかの実施例は、COPDについてセント・ジョージ(St. George)の呼吸に関するアンケート、単純化されたアンケート、ユーザの日誌、一日あたりのステップ、および/またはユーザが座っている時間数である。
この特徴は、器具それ自体に関するフィードバックをユーザに提供する。幾つかのオプションが存在し、かかるオプションとしては、器具を交換する必要のあることをユーザ、HCPまたは支払者に通知することが挙げられる。これは、アプリにおけるリマインダの形態を取ることができまたは新たなロット番号またはシリアル番号を入力するまでの特徴をロックアウトすることができる。フィードバックは、装置をクリーニングする必要のある時点をユーザに知らせることをさらに含む場合がある。クリーニング通知は、クリーニング間に行われたセッション回数および/または経時的な器具性能変化に基づいているのが良い。
ステークホルダは、患者の病態、治療、および進捗状況に関心のある患者の肉親は別として、個人または組織として定められる。ステークホルダは、患者の医師、呼吸セラピスト、病院、または保険会社である場合がある。ステークホルダアップデートの幾つかの実施例としては、保険会社をユーザの使用データでアップデートして患者の順守をモニタすることおよび/またはHCPを患者の進捗状況で最後の訪問以来、使用データ、およびQOLスコアをアップデートすることが挙げられる。
図41を参照すると、選択された性能特性(例えば、圧力(振幅)および/または周波数)を所望の範囲内に保つための抵抗を自動的に調節する器具が開示される。制御されるべき範囲および/または性能特性は、器具中にあらかじめプログラムされるのが良くまたは上述したようにユーザによって入力されるのが良い。マイクロプロセッサは、センサからデータを受け取り、アルゴリズムが器具をどのように調節すべきかを決定する。すると、マイクロプロセッサは、指令をモータ190に与え、モータは、制御コンポーネント、例えば弁座148の調節またはチャンバ入口の配向を物理的に実施する。エンコーダ192がモータの位置を確認し、その情報をマイクロプロセッサに戻す。これは、ユーザの順守度を向上させ、というのは、ユーザが行うことが必要とされる全てが器具中への呼息だからである。器具は、抵抗設定値を自動的に設定するとともに制御して所望の治療を達成する。別のオプションは、何らかの調査が有益であることが示されたときに周波数または圧力の変動をアルゴリズムにプログラムすることである。
図42を参照すると、一実施形態は、振動をターンオフし、器具が呼吸計(スパイロメータ)のように動作することができるようにすることによって患者の肺の健康度を評価することができる流量センサを含む。流量センサは、流量を両方向において(吸気と呼気)測定することができることが必要である。アルゴリズムは、測定中の流量を利用して図42に示されている流量‐体積ループを生じさせる。FVループから、種々のパラメータを計算して患者にフィードバックすることができる。
Claims (29)
- 振動型呼気陽圧システムであって、
振動型呼気陽圧器具を含み、
前記振動型呼気陽圧器具に取り外し可能に結合されたアダプタを含み、前記アダプタは、フローチャネルを構成する管状部分を有し、前記管状部分が、患者に面する第1の端部と、前記振動式呼気陽圧器具に結合される第2の端部と、前記フローチャネル内に延び、前記フローチャネルから隔離されたチャンバを構成する湾曲した壁と、前記湾曲した壁に形成され、前記フローチャネルと前記チャンバの間を連通する減衰オリフィスとを有し、
前記アダプタに結合された制御モジュールを含み、前記制御モジュールは、ビジュアルディスプレイと、前記フローチャネルの外側に配置され、前記チャンバを介して前記フローチャネルと連通状態にある単一の圧力センサまたはマイクロ熱流量センサを含み、前記単一の圧力センサまたはマイクロ熱流量センサが、前記管状部分の前記第2の端部に結合された前記振動式呼気陽圧器具内の圧力を測定するようになっている、振動型呼気陽圧システム。 - 前記アダプタは、マウスピースと前記振動型呼気陽圧器具との間に取り外し可能に結合されている、請求項1記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記アダプタは、前記振動型呼気陽圧器具に結合された第1の端部および前記第1の端部と反対側に位置していて前記マウスピースに結合された第2の端部を有し、前記フローチャネルは、前記第1の端部と前記第2の端部との間に構成され、前記アダプタは、前記チャンバ内に配置され、前記第1の端部と前記第2の端部との間で前記減衰オリフィスを介して前記フローチャネルと連通したポートをさらに有する、請求項2記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記ポートを横切って配置された可撓性メンブレンをさらに含み、前記チャンバは、前記可撓性メンブレンと前記圧力センサまたはマイクロ熱流量センサとの間に構成される第1のチャンバと、前記可撓性メンブレンと前記湾曲した壁との間に構成される第2のチャンバとを有する、請求項3記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記メンブレンは、テザーにより前記アダプタに結合されている、請求項4記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記制御モジュールは、前記アダプタに解除可能に結合されている、請求項3記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記メンブレンは、前記フローチャネルと流体連通状態にある第1の側部および該第1の側部と反対側に位置した第2の側部を有する、請求項4記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記制御モジュールは、SDまたはUSBポート、マイクロフォンおよびLEDアレイのうちの1つまたは2つ以上を含むデータポートをさらに含む、請求項1記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記アダプタは、前記フローチャネルを構成する本体を有し、前記ポートは、前記本体から延びる導管を有し、前記導管は、前記フローチャネルと流体連通状態にある入口および前記制御モジュールと流体連通状態にある出口を含む、請求項3記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記フローチャネルは第1の軸線を構成し、前記導管は、第2の軸線に沿って前記入口から伸びる第1の部分を含み、前記第1の軸線と前記第2の軸線とは鋭角をなして延びている、請求項9に記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記導管は、前記第1の部分と前記出口との間で延びる第2の部分を有し、前記第2の部分は第3の軸線を構成し、前記第1の軸線と前記第3の軸線とは実質的に平行に延びる、請求項10に記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記入口と前記出口との間で前記導管と流体連通状態にある圧力安定化オリフィスをさらに含む、請求項9に記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記圧力安定化オリフィスは、第1の断面積を有し、前記導管は、最小の第2の断面積を有する流体通路を構成し、前記第1の断面積は、前記最小の第2の断面積よりも小さい、請求項12に記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記出口は、第1の出口を有し、前記導管は流体通路を構成し、前記出口は、前記入口と前記第1の出口との間に位置決めされた第2の出口をさらに有し、前記第2の出口は、前記流体通路と連通し、前記第2の出口は、前記流体通路の少なくとも一部分を横切って前記第2の出口に配置されたプラグをさらに含み、前記プラグは前記圧力安定化オリフィスの少なくとも一部分を構成する、請求項12に記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記プラグは、前記圧力安定化オリフィスを構成するよう前記流体通路と整列した切欠きを有し、前記プラグは、前記圧力安定化オリフィスの寸法を調整できるように移動可能である、請求項14に記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 振動型呼気陽圧システムであって、
振動型呼気陽圧器具を含み、
アダプタを含み、該アダプタは、
前記振動型呼気陽圧器具に取り外し可能に結合された第1の端部および該第1の端部と反対側に位置した第2の端部を有する本体、前記第1の端部と前記第2の端部との間に構成されたフローチャネルを構成する管、および前記第1の端部と前記第2の端部との間で前記フローチャネルと連通する単一のポートと、
前記単一のポートを横切って設けられかつ前記フローチャネルと流体連通状態にある第1の側部および該第1の側部の反対側に位置した第2の側部を有する可撓性メンブレンと、
前記メンブレンの前記第2の側部に構成された第1のチャンバと、
前記第1のチャンバと前記単一のポートを介して流体連通状態にある単一の圧力センサまたはマイクロ熱流量センサと、
前記メンブレンの前記第1の側部に構成された第2のチャンバと、を含み、前記本体は、前記フローチャネル内に延び、前記第2のチャンバの少なくとも一部分を構成する湾曲した壁を有し、前記湾曲した壁は、前記第2のチャンバの少なくとも一部分を構成する凹状側部と前記流体通路の少なくとも一部分を構成する凸状側部とを有し、
さらに、前記凸面と前記凹面との間の前記湾曲した壁に形成され、前記フローチャネルと前記第2のチャンバとを連通させる減衰オリフィスと、
前記アダプタに結合されかつ前記単一の圧力センサまたは前記マイクロ熱流量センサからデータを収集するよう動作する制御モジュールとを含む、振動型呼気陽圧システム。 - 前記メンブレンは、テザーにより前記アダプタに結合されている、請求項16に記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記制御モジュールは、前記アダプタに解除可能に結合されている、請求項16に記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記制御モジュールは、データポートをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記制御モジュールは、LEDアレイをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記減衰オリフィスが配置される前記フローチャネルの一部を構成する前記湾曲した壁の表面の曲面は、前記管状部分の中心軸に向かって半径方向内側に延びる、請求項1記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 前記減衰オリフィスが位置する前記湾曲した壁の凸状側部の曲面は、前記管状部分の中心軸に向かって半径方向内側に延びる、請求項16記載の振動型呼気陽圧システム。
- 振動型呼気陽圧器具用のスマートアクセサリであって、
前記振動型呼気陽圧器具に結合されるようになっている第1の端部および前記第1の端部と反対側の第2の端部を有する管、前記第1の端部と前記第2の端部との間に構成されたフローチャネル、および前記第1の端部と前記第2の端部との間で前記フローチャネルと連通した単一のポートを有するアダプタと、
前記ポートを横切って設けられかつ前記フローチャネルと流体連通状態にある第1の側部およびチャンバを部分的に画定する反対側の第2の側部を有する可撓性メンブレンと、を含み、前記チャンバが、前記可撓性メンブレンの第2の側面に構成される第1のチャンバを有し、さらに、前記フローチャネル内に延び、前記可撓性メンブレンの前記第1の側部上で第2のチャンバを構成する湾曲した壁と、前記湾曲した壁に形成され、前記フローチャネルと前記第2のチャンバの間を連通する減衰オリフィスとを備え、
さらに、前記第1のチャンバと流体連通状態にあり、前記管の前記第1の端部を通る流体の圧力を測定するようになっている単一の圧力センサまたはマイクロ熱流量センサと、
前記アダプタに結合されかつ前記単一の圧力センサまたは前記マイクロ熱流量センサからデータを収集するよう動作する制御モジュールとを含む、スマートアクセサリ。 - 前記可撓性メンブレンは、テザーにより前記アダプタに結合されている、請求項23記載のスマートアクセサリ。
- 前記制御モジュールは、前記アダプタに解除可能に結合されている、請求項23記載のスマートアクセサリ。
- 前記制御モジュールは、SDまたはUSBポート、マイクロフォンおよびLEDアレイのうちの1つまたは2つ以上を含むデータポートをさらに含む、請求項23記載のスマートアクセサリ。
- 前記第1の端部は第1の管状部分を有し、前記第2の端部は第2の管状部分を有する、請求項23記載のスマートアクセサリ。
- 前記第2の管状部分に結合されたマウスピースをさらに含む、請求項27記載のスマートアクセサリ。
- 前記減衰オリフィスが位置する前記フローチャネルの一部を構成する前記湾曲した壁の表面の曲面は、前記管状部分の中心軸に向かって半径方向内側に延びる、請求項23記載のスマートアクセサリ。
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JP2021509343A (ja) | 2021-03-25 |
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