JP7208956B2 - 核酸の高忠実度アセンブリのための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
核酸の高忠実度アセンブリのための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2012年8月23日に出願された米国特許出願第13/592,827号、2011年8月26日に出願された米国仮出願第61/527,922号、および2011年9月9日に出願された米国仮出願61/532,825号の優先権および利益を主張し、これらの各々の全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明の方法および組成物は核酸アセンブリ、および特に高忠実度の、多重核酸アセンブリ反応に関する。
組換え体および合成核酸は、研究、工業、農業および医薬において多くの用途がある。組換え体および合成核酸は、種々の医薬、工業または農業の目的に用いられ得る酵素、抗体、成長因子、受容体および他のポリペプチドを含む、多量のポリペプチドを発現および得るために用いることができる。組換え体および合成核酸はまた、改変細菌、酵母、哺乳動物、植物および他の生物を含む遺伝的に改変された生物に使用できる。遺伝的に改変された生物は研究(例えば、疾患の動物モデルとして、生物学的プロセスの解明のためのツールとして、等)、工業(例えば、タンパク質発現の宿主生物として、工業産物の生成のためのバイオリアクターとして、環境修復のためのツールとして、天然化合物の工業用途での単離または改変のため、等)、農業(例えば、収率の上昇した、または疾患または環境ストレスへの耐性が増加した改変作物、等)、および他の用途において使用され得る。組換え体および合成核酸はまた、治療組成物(例えば、遺伝子発現の改変のため、遺伝子治療のため、等)または診断ツール(例えば、症状のためのプローブとして、等)として使用され得る。
本発明の態様は、標的核酸を製造する方法に関する。いくつかの実施形態によると、方法は、(1)複数の平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片の各々の両端に制限酵素認識配列を有する、複数の平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片を提供する;(2)制限酵素認識配列の近接における複数の平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片の酵素消化を経て、各々が2つの異なる非相補性突出を有する、複数の付着末端二本鎖核酸断片を生成する;(3)第一の付着末端二本鎖核酸断片の第一の突出が、第二の付着末端二本鎖核酸断片の第二の突出に一意的に相補であるところの、複数の付着末端二本鎖核酸断片のリガーゼでのライゲーション;および(4)一意的な配置が標的核酸を含む、複数の付着末端二本鎖核酸断片の直線配置の形成、を含む。ある実施形態において、複数の平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片は、固相担体上で合成された複数のオリゴヌクレオチドを放出し、ポリメラーゼを基にした反応を用いる、複数のオリゴヌクレオチドの相補鎖を合成することにより提供できる。
本発明の態様は、単一のアセンブリ段階においてより長い核酸産物を生成するために複数の核酸断片を共有結合するための方法および組成物に関する。本発明の態様は、アセンブリ誤り率を減少させながら、複数の核酸断片を効率的に組み立てるため、および/または大きい核酸産物を生成するために必要な複数の段階を減少させるために使用できる。本発明の態様は、アセンブリ忠実度、処理量および/または効率を増加させ、費用を下げ、および/またはアセンブリ時間を減少させるために核酸アセンブリ手順に組み込むことができる。いくつかの実施形態において、本発明の態様は多くの異なる標的核酸産物の並行生産を容易にするために自動化および/または高処理アセンブリにおいて実行され得る。
所定の核酸断片が、多重アセンブリ反応(例えば、多重酵素仲介反応、多重化学的アセンブリ反応、またはそれらの組み合わせ)において、複数の異なる出発核酸(例えば、オリゴヌクレオチド)から組み立てられ得る。多重核酸アセンブリ反応のある態様は、以下に記載される多重オリゴヌクレオチドアセンブリ反応により説明される。アセンブリ反応の記載が、オリゴヌクレオチドの文脈において制限することを意図しないことが理解されるべきである。本明細書に記載されたアセンブリ反応は、1つ以上のさまざまな源(例えば、合成または天然ポリヌクレオチド、核酸増幅産物、核酸分解産物、オリゴヌクレオチド等)から得られた出発核酸を使用することで実行され得る。出発核酸はアセンブリ核酸(例えば、アセンブリオリゴヌクレオチド)と称され得る。本明細書で用いられるように、アセンブリ核酸はアセンブリ工程の間に生成される核酸産物に組み込まれるように設計された配列を有する。しかしながら、アセンブリ反応の記載が二本鎖核酸の文脈において制限されることを意図しないことが理解されるべきである。いくつかの実施形態において、図面で説明され、本明細書に記載された1つ以上の出発核酸は、一本鎖核酸として提供され得る。従って、図面および明細書が付着末端二本鎖核酸のアセンブリを説明する場合に1つ以上の一本鎖核酸の存在が予期されることが理解されるべきである。
オリゴヌクレオチドは、いかなる適切な技術を使用することで合成され得る。例えば、オリゴヌクレオチドはカラムまたは他の担体(例えば、チップ)上で合成され得る。チップを基にした合成技術の例はCombiMatrix、Agilent、Affymetrix、または他の源から利用可能な合成デバイスまたは方法で使用される技術を含む。合成オリゴヌクレオチドはいかなる適当なサイズ、例えば10と1,000ヌクレオチド長の間(例えば、10と200、200と500、500と1,000ヌクレオチド長の間、またはそれらのいかなる組み合わせ)であり得る。アセンブリ反応は、各々が独立して10と300の間のヌクレオチド長(例えば、20と250の間、30と200の間、50と150の間、50と100の間、またはいかなる中間数のヌクレオチド)であり得る、複数のオリゴヌクレオチドを含み得る。しかしながら、1つ以上のより短い、またはより長いオリゴヌクレオチドがある実施形態において使用され得る。
オリゴヌクレオチドは、一本鎖合成品として、提供または合成され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、オリゴヌクレオチドは、アニーリングされた相補鎖を含む二本鎖調製品として提供または合成され得る。オリゴヌクレオチドは、DNA、RNA、PNAまたはそれらのいかなる組み合わせの分子であり得る。二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドは、一本鎖合成オリゴヌクレオチドまたは他の適当なテンプレート(例えば、核酸ベクターまたはゲノム核酸などの核酸調製品における配列)を増幅することによって、生成され得る。従って、本明細書に記載される配列特性を有するように設計された複数のオリゴヌクレオチドは、これらの特性を有する複数の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドとして提供されるか、または相補的オリゴヌクレオチドと共に提供され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、オリゴヌクレオチドはリン酸化(例えば、5’リン酸)され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、オリゴヌクレオチドは非リン酸化であり得る。
本発明のある態様は、一本鎖突出をもつ二本鎖核酸に関連する。突出は、いかなる適当な技術を使用することにより生成し得る。いくつかの実施形態において、二本鎖核酸断片(例えば多重アセンブリで組み立てられた断片)、は適切な制限酵素で消化され、末端の一本鎖突出を生成し得る。いくつかの実施形態において、組み立てられた産物内でお互いに隣接するように設計されている断片は、同じ酵素によって、相補的な突出を露出するように消化され得る。相補的な突出を生成する異なる酵素もまた使用され得る。
本発明の態様によると、複数の核酸断片が、複数の断片が特定のより長い核酸を生成する、断片の共有結合アセンブリを促進する条件下で複数の断片が共に混合される、単一の手順で組み立てられ得る。本発明の態様によると、複数の核酸断片が、リガーゼを使用することにより、in vitroで共有結合を介して組み立てられ得る。いくつかの実施形態において、5以上(例えば、10以上、15以上、15~20、20~25、25~30、30~35、35~40、40~45、45~50、50以上など)の異なる核酸断片が組み立てられ得る。しかしながら、いかなる数の核酸(例えば、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20など)が適当なアセンブリ技術を使用することで組み立てられ得ることが理解されるべきである。組み立てられる各々の核酸断片は、約100ヌクレオチド長および約1,000ヌクレオチド長の間(例えば、約200、約300、約400、約500、約600、約700、約800、約900)あり得る。しかしながら、より長い(例えば、約2,500以上のヌクレオチド長、約5,000以上のヌクレオチド長、約7,500以上のヌクレオチド長、約10,000以上のヌクレオチド長など)または、より短い核酸断片が、アセンブリ技術(例えば、プラスミドベクターへのショットガンアセンブリ)を使用することにより組み立てられ得る。各々の核酸断片のサイズがアセンブリに追加された他の核酸断片のサイズから独立し得ることが理解されるべきである。しかしながら、いくつかの実施形態において、各々の核酸断片は、ほぼ同じサイズまたは長さ(例えば、約100のヌクレオチド長および約400のヌクレオチド長の間)であり得る。例えば、オリゴヌクレオチドの長さは、約+/-1ヌクレオチド、+/-4ヌクレオチド、+/-10ヌクレオチドで変化する約100ヌクレオチド長および約400ヌクレオチド長の間の中央値を有し得る。二本鎖核酸断片の長さが塩基対の数によって示され得ることが理解されるべきである。本明細書で使用されるように、二本鎖核酸断片の文脈で使用されるとき、「x」ヌクレオチド長と称される核酸断片は、長さにおいて「x」塩基対に対応する。いくつかの実施形態において、1回の反応で組み立てられた1つ以上の核酸(例えば、1~5、5~10、10~15、15~20など)は、コドン最適化され得、および/または、非天然に生じ得る。いくつかの実施形態において、1回の反応で組み立てられる核酸のすべてが、コドン最適化され、および/または、非天然に生じる。
本発明の態様は、標的核酸の配列を分析して、適切な付着末端(例えば、一本鎖の突出)を生成させるために使用できる、標的核酸配列内での、領域の同定に基づいたアセンブリ戦略を設計することを含み得る。これらの領域は、標的核酸を生成させるように(例えば、1回の反応で)組み立てることができる核酸断片の両端を定義するために使用され得る。核酸断片は、その後提供するかまたは作成することができる(例えば、多重アセンブリ反応で)。核酸断片は、扱いが容易になるように、それらが比較的均一なサイズになるように選択できる(例えば、精製)。
長さ=(片(piece)*最大_オリゴ_長)-(接合*重複)
ここで、接合=片-1
例えば:
長さ484=(片5*最大_オリゴ_長100)-(接合4*重複4)
長さ504=(片5*最大_オリゴ_長104)-(接合4*重複4)
-最後の2塩基で一意的:4^2=16接合、17片まで
-最後の3塩基で一意的:4^3=64接合、65片まで
-最後の4塩基で一意的:4^4=256接合、257片まで
段階1:目標量、例えば、100bpまで移動する、
段階2:組中(例えばメモリ中)に関連する1~4塩基を格納
段階3:重複(4bp)によるバックアップ
段階4:再度の移動、この第二のおよびそれに続く100bpの移動のため、関連する1~4塩基が組中に既に存在するならば、その後に組中にまだない1~4塩基の配列に遭遇するまで1回に1塩基移動させる、
段階5:組に、新たな1~4塩基の配列を加える。
段階6:その後、繰り返す。DNA配列の末端に到達する前に所望の数の片に達しているならば、断片のアセンブリのための適切な重複をバックアップしながら(断片へのオリゴの組立と異なる方法であり得る)、新しい組でやり直す。
より具体的に:
-制限部位による構築の妨害が1回発生する場合:
5bpの長さの1つの量で、62%が少なくとも1部位を有するであろう
6bpの長さの1つの量で、22%が少なくとも1部位を有するであろう
7bpの長さの1つの量で、6%が少なくとも1部位を有するであろう
-内部からの解析が2回の発生を許容する場合:
5bpの長さの1つの量で、25%が少なくとも2部位を有するであろう
6bpの長さの1つの量で、3%が少なくとも2部位を有するであろう
7bpの長さの1つの量で、<1%が少なくとも2部位を有するであろう(約0.2%)
-1を超える制限酵素(および対応する部位)が使用されていて、1回の発生を許容する場合:
5bpの長さの2つの量で、38%が少なくとも1部位を有するであろう
6bpの長さの2つの量で、5%が少なくとも1部位を有するであろう
7bpおよび6bpの長さで、1%が少なくとも1部位を有するであろう
5bpの長さの3つの量で、24%が少なくとも1部位を有するであろう
6bpの長さの3つの量で、1%が少なくとも1部位を有するであろう
-2回の発生を許容する1を超える制限酵素の場合:
5bpの長さの2つの量で、6%が少なくとも2部位を有するであろう
6bpの長さの2つの量で、<1%が少なくとも2部位を有するであろう(約0.06%)
本発明の態様は合成核酸の製造および/または使用に関するさまざまな用途に有用であり得る。本明細書に記載のように、本発明は増加した効率で合成核酸を組み立てるための方法を提供する。得られた組み立てられた核酸は、in vitroで増幅され(例えば、PCR、LCR、またはいかなる適当な増幅法を使用して)、in vivoで増幅され(例えば、適当なベクターでのクローニングを経て)、単離され、および/または、精製され得る。組み立てられた核酸(単独またはベクターにクローニングされる)は宿主細胞(例えば、原核生物、真核生物、昆虫、哺乳類または他の宿主細胞)に導入され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、宿主細胞は、核酸を伝播するために使用され得る。ある実施形態において、核酸は宿主細胞のゲノムに取り込まれ得る。いくつかの実施形態において、核酸は細胞のゲノムの対応する核酸領域に置き換わり得る(例えば、相同組換えを通して)。したがって、核酸は、組換え生物を生産するために使用され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、標的核酸は、宿主生物のゲノムのすべてか一部を置き換えるために使用されるゲノムの全ゲノムまたは大きい断片であり得る。組換え生物もさまざまな研究、工業、農業、および/または、医療の用途に使用され得る。
本明細書で提供された方法および機器の態様は、本明細書に説明された1つ以上の行為を自動化することを含み得る。いくつかの実施形態において、増幅および/またはアセンブリ反応の1以上の段階は、1台以上の自動試料処理機器(例えば、1台以上の自動化された液体または流体操作機器)を使用することで自動化され得る。自動化機器および手順は、以下の1つ以上を含む反応試薬を提供するために用いられ得る:出発核酸、バッファー、酵素(例えば、1つ以上のリガーゼおよび/またはポリメラーゼ)、ヌクレオチド、塩、および安定剤などのいかなる他の適当な試薬。自動化機器および手順はまた、反応条件を制御するために用いられ得る。例えば、自動化された熱循環装置は、使用され得る反応温度およびいかなる温度サイクルを制御するために使用され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、スキャンレーザーは、ポリヌクレオチドをインキュベートするために適当な1つ以上の反応温度または温度サイクルを提供するために自動化され得る。同様に、組み立てられたポリヌクレオチド製品のその後の分析が自動化され得る。例えば、配列決定は、配列決定機器および自動配列決定プロトコルを使用することで自動化され得る。付加段階(例えば、増幅、クローニングなど)もまた、1つ以上の適切な機器および関連するプロトコルを使用することで自動化され得る。本明細書に記載される1つ以上の機器または機器の構成要素が、システム(例えば、ロボットシステム)または、マイクロ環境(例えば、マイクロ流体反応チャンバー)で組み合わせられ得ることが理解されるべきである。アセンブリ反応混合物(例えば、液体反応試料)は、自動化機器および手順(例えば、自動化されたピペット操作機器、マイクロシステムなどを含む、ロボット操作、および/または試料輸送および/または試料容器)を用いることで、システムの1つの構成要素から他の構成要素に輸送され得るシステムとそのいかなる構成要素も制御システムによって制御され得る。
- 1X NEバッファー4
- 100μg/mlのウシ血清アルブミンで補足
- 37℃でインキュベート。
T4 DNAリガーゼ
T4 DNAリガーゼ+300mM塩(活性の減少、より高い特異性のため)
T3 DNAリガーゼ
T7 DNAリガーゼ
Pfu DNAリガーゼ
Taq DNAリガーゼ
E.coli DNAリガーゼ
Claims (22)
- (a)複数の配列を含む複数の平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片を提供すること、ここで、各々の断片が3’末端および/または5’末端に制限酵素認識配列を含む;
(b)複数の平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片を酵素消化して、直線ポリヌクレオチドの1つのコピーの配列をともに形成する少なくとも4つの断片の組み合わせを含む複数の消化二本鎖核酸断片を生成すること、ここで、組み合わせ中の各々の断片は、少なくとも1つの突出を有し、各突出は:
(i)4ヌクレオチド長を有する;
(ii)組み合わせ中のその他すべての突出と異なる配列を有する;および
(iii)組み合わせ中で確実に他の1つの突出と相補的である;
(c)少なくとも4つの断片の組み合わせ中の消化二本鎖核酸断片の突出をアニーリングすること;および
(d)単一の段階で、アニーリングされた二本鎖核酸断片をリガーゼを用いてライゲーションし、それにより直線ポリヌクレオチドを組み立てること、
を含む、直線ポリヌクレオチドを組み立てるための方法。 - 複数の平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片が、ユニバーサルプライマーを使用する一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドからの増幅によって生成され、各一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドが3’末端および5’末端に、ユニバーサルプライマーに相補的なユニバーサルプライマー結合部位を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 複数の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドが固相担体上に固定化されている、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 制限酵素認識配列が、ユニバーサルプライマー結合部位と重なり、ユニバーサルプライマー結合部位の5’または3’末端に位置する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- ユニバーサルプライマーが親和性タグを有する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 親和性タグがビオチンである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 複数の平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片が、少なくとも4つの異なる平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 複数の平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片の各々の核酸断片が、少なくとも50塩基長である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 制限酵素認識配列が、すべての平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片に対して同じである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 複数の平滑末端二本鎖核酸断片の各々の核酸断片が、少なくとも2つの異なる制限酵素認識配列を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2つの異なる制限酵素認識配列が、同じ数の塩基を有する突出を生成する2つの異なる制限酵素によって認識できるものである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 制限酵素認識配列がIIs型制限酵素認識配列である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- IIs型制限酵素認識配列を認識する制限酵素が、Bsa I、BsmB I、BtgZ I、BsmF I、Fok I、AaR IまたはBbv Iである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 消化二本鎖核酸断片を精製して、20塩基長未満の酵素消化産物を除去することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 精製が、シリカとの異なる親和性、サイズろ過、ポリエチレングリコールまたは臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウムでの沈殿、またはそれらのいかなる組み合わせによる分離を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- リガーゼがT3 DNAリガーゼ、T4 DNAリガーゼ、T7 DNAリガーゼ、または大腸菌(E.coli)DNAリガーゼである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 直線ポリヌクレオチドが非天然核酸配列である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 直線ポリヌクレオチドが少なくとも500塩基長である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 直線ポリヌクレオチドを増幅することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 直線ポリヌクレオチドを配列決定することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 固相担体が、アレイ、ビーズ、またはナノ粒子である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドが、誤りのないものである、請求項2に記載の方法。
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