JP6964768B2 - 炭素量子ドットイオン化合物電解質を含む電気化学素子 - Google Patents
炭素量子ドットイオン化合物電解質を含む電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1506—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect caused by electrodeposition, e.g. electrolytic deposition of an inorganic material on or close to an electrode
- G02F1/1508—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect caused by electrodeposition, e.g. electrolytic deposition of an inorganic material on or close to an electrode using a solid electrolyte
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
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Description
を有することを特徴とする、ナノ微粒子有機ハイブリッド物質が開示されている。式中、Npは無機ナノ粒子を示し;LはC1〜C6アルキレン基およびフェニル−C1〜C4アルキレン基から選択されるリンカー基であり;
は有機ナトリウム塩または有機リチウム塩のアニオンであり;X+はナトリウムまたはリチウムカチオンである。また、韓国公開特許公報第10−2011−0003505号には、アミド基を有する物質を含み、下記構造を有する溶媒:
(式中、Xは、炭素原子、窒素原子、酸素原子またはアリール環上に任意に置換基を有するアリール基であり、ただし、Xが窒素原子であるときにR2は存在せず、Xが酸素原子であるときにR1およびR2がいずれも存在せず、Xがアリール基であるときにR1、R2およびR5がいずれも存在せず;R1は水素原子または炭素系基であり;R2は水素原子または炭素系基であり;R3は水素原子または炭素系基であり;R4およびR5は個別に水素原子または炭素系基から選択されるか、或いはR4およびR5は一緒に炭素系基を形成して前記溶媒に環構造を提供する);および前記溶媒と一緒に溶液を形成するイオン化可能な物質の混合物を含むエレクトロクロミック素子用電解質であって、前記混合物内にポリマーが溶媒和されることを特徴とする電解質が開示されている。
本明細書において、用語「電気化学素子」は、第1電極と、前記第1電極から離隔し、電気的に反対極を形成する第2電極と、前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に充填される電解質とを含み、前記第1電極および前記第2電極のうちの少なくとも一つの電極で可逆的な電気化学的酸化還元反応が発生する素子を意味し、用語「炭素量子ドット」は、平均直径が2乃至12nmの範囲であり、表面および/または縁部に、アニオンになれる酸素官能基を少なくとも一つ備えて、表面電位が−(マイナス)20mV以下であるグラファイト酸化物形態の量子ドットまたは前記グラファイト酸化物形態の量子ドットと重合可能な誘導基と重合反応を介して形成された炭素量子ドット誘導体を意味し、「炭素量子ドットアニオン」は、前記酸素官能基がアニオン化された形態の炭素量子ドットを意味する。
0.05M HCl、0.05M K3Fe(CN)6、および0.05M FeCl36H2Oが含まれている水溶液に伝導性透明基板を用いて変色物質を形成する。この時、クロノポテンショメトリー(chronopotentiometry)を用いて電流と時間を調節することにより、変色物質の厚さを調節する。本発明では、40μA、140sの間、変色物質を作用電極に形成した。次いで、5mM ZnCl2、0.1M KCl、および酸素が飽和された水溶液に伝導性透明基板を浸した後、常温で−1Vを印加しながら1000sの間ZnOバッファ層(buffer layer)を形成した。その後、連続的にZnOバッファ層が形成された透明電極を0.5mM ZnCl2、0.1M KCl、および酸素が飽和された水溶液に浸漬した後、−1Vを印加しながら、80度、1000sの間ZnO NWs層(nanowire layer)を形成した。これを対電極として用いた。熱テープを用いて作用電極と対電極をサンドイッチ状に取り付けた。この時、二つの電極の間隔は60μmである。続いて、対電極に形成された微細孔を介して、カチオンの種類をそれぞれLi、NaおよびKとした0.5M濃度の炭素量子ドットイオン化合物を充填した。この時、電解質水溶液のpHは4に調節した。
電解質として0.5M塩化カリウム(KCl)を適用した以外は、すべての条件を前記実施例1と同様にして、エレクトロクロミック素子を製造した。
前記実施例1および比較例1で製造したそれぞれのエレクトロクロミック素子に対して電気化学的特性を比較した。図3は本発明の一実施例として、炭素量子ドットイオン化合物を含有する水溶液内に変色物質を含む第1電極(作用電極)、白金(Pt)第2電極(対電極)、および基準電極(Ag/AgCl)からなる3電極電気化学セルの下で多様なフェリシアニド濃度による循環電圧電流法の測定結果である。また、図4(a)は作用電極にプラシアンブルー(Prussian blue)をコーティングした本発明の前記3電極システムの条件下で、0.02V/sのスキャン速度で循環電圧電流法(cyclic voltammetry、CV)を行った結果、および(b)スキャン速度を変化させながら電流変化を測定した結果である。クロノアンペロメトリー(chronoamperometry)方式を用いて、−0.14/0.4V、10s/10s(50%デューティサイクル(duty cycle))で電圧を印加してエレクトロクロミック素子の特性を分析した。図4(b)から分かるように、本発明の電気化学素子は、スキャン速度が高くなっても変色物質の酸化/還元電流値がそれに対応する(酸化電流は発色反応(color reaction、PB)を示し、還元電流は消色反応(colorless reaction、PW)を示す。)。また、下記表1は、3電極システムの条件下で、炭素量子ドットイオン化合物の金属カチオンによる拡散速度値を示す。
(1)陰極の表面にTiO2粒子薄膜を形成する。
(2)TiO2薄膜の伝導度および透過度を増加させるために、120℃で10分間熱処理を行う。
(3)55℃で6時間、TiO2薄膜が形成された陰極を、発光体が溶解した溶液に浸す。
(4)6時間後、エタノールを用いて陰極の表面を洗浄する。
(5)陰極と陽極を熱テープを用いて付着させる。
(6)陽極に形成された孔を介して、発光体と電解質が含まれている溶液を注入する。
(7)孔を密封する。
図10は従来の二次電池のLiPF6電解質の代わりに、本発明の炭素量子ドットアニオン−リチウム金属カチオンイオン化合物電解質をリチウム二次電池に適用した後、充放電して測定した比静電容量の測定結果を示すものである。電池の陰極は、Li4Ti5O12(active material)、10wt%PVDF(binder)、NMP(Solvent)を用いて構成し、陽極はグラファイトを適用した。また、炭素量子ドットアニオン−リチウム金属カチオンイオン化合物電解質の濃度は0.5Mであった。図10より、本発明の電気化学素子の一例である二次電池から安定的な充/放電サイクルが観察されることが分かった。
前記実施例4のリチウムイオン電池に対してさまざまな実験を行い、電解質の特性を確認した。まず、本発明の電解質を、濃度を異ならせて循環電圧法を行った。その結果を図11にまとめた。図11(a)乃至(c)はそれぞれ、本発明によって製造した炭素量子ドットアニオン−リチウムカチオンイオン化合物電解質の濃度(各0.125、0.25および0.5M)による循環電圧電流法の測定結果であり、(d)は対比のために1.1M LiPF6電解質を用いた循環電圧電流法の測定結果である。図11より、電解質の濃度が高くなるほど(含有量が増加するほど)の充放電データと同じ傾向性を示し、電気化学性能の差が現れることが分かった。0.25Mサンプルの場合、2.5V以上からアノード(anodic)領域で不安定な様子を示すが、0.5Mサンプルの場合、LTOの理論的Liイオンインターカレーション/デインターカレーション(ion intercalation/deintercalation)領域である1.6Vを基準に多少シフト(shift)されたが、明確なアノード/カソードピーク(anodic/cathodic peak)が観察されることが分かった。下記表4は各濃度による分極(polarization)を測定した結果である。
Claims (5)
- 第1電極と;前記第1電極から離隔した第2電極と;前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に充填される電解質と;を含み、前記第1電極および前記第2電極の少なくとも一つの電極で可逆的な電気化学的酸化還元反応が起こる電気化学素子において、
前記電解質は、電子顕微鏡で測定した平均直径0.1乃至8ナノメートル(nm)、および表面電荷−20mV以下の炭素量子ドットアニオンと金属カチオンの塩の形態である炭素量子ドットイオン化合物を含むことを特徴とする、電気化学素子。 - 前記金属がアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属または遷移金属であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記金属が、Li、Na、K、MgおよびZnよりなる群から選択された1種以上であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記電気化学素子が、二次電池、太陽電池、エレクトロクロミック素子または電気発光素子であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記二次電池がリチウムイオン電池またはリチウムポリマー電池であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の電気化学素子。
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EP3633445A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
JP2020521310A (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
CN110662997A (zh) | 2020-01-07 |
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