JP6874907B2 - 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法および方向性電磁鋼板 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法および方向性電磁鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6874907B2 JP6874907B2 JP2020520674A JP2020520674A JP6874907B2 JP 6874907 B2 JP6874907 B2 JP 6874907B2 JP 2020520674 A JP2020520674 A JP 2020520674A JP 2020520674 A JP2020520674 A JP 2020520674A JP 6874907 B2 JP6874907 B2 JP 6874907B2
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Description
前記一次再結晶焼鈍の昇温過程において、昇温開始〜550℃の間の平均昇温速度Va1(℃/s)、550℃〜700℃の間の平均昇温速度Va2(℃/s)、700℃〜昇温終了の間の平均昇温速度Va3(℃/s)が
Va1≦Va2、400≦Va2、Va3≦Va2
を満たし、
前記焼鈍分離剤において、前記焼鈍分離剤中の前記MgO含有量を質量%で100%としたとき、TiO2を0.5%以上10%以下、希土類金属の酸化物、硫化物、硫酸塩、珪化物、りん酸塩、水酸化物、炭酸塩、硼素化物、塩化物、および弗化物のうち1種または2種以上を希土類金属換算で0.1%以上10%以下、Ca、SrおよびBaからなる群から選択されるアルカリ土類金属の硫酸塩、炭酸塩、水酸化物、塩化物および酸化物のうち1種または2種以上をアルカリ土類金属換算で0.1%以上10%以下、硫酸塩または硫化物を硫黄元素換算でA%含有し、該Aが以下の式
(0.00025×Va2)≦A≦1.5
を満たし、かつ
前記仕上焼鈍の昇温過程において、室温から700℃の間の前記焼鈍分離剤からの水分放出率が0.5%以上6.0%以下であり、900℃から1100℃の間の平均昇温速度Vf(℃/h)が以下の式
5≦Vf≦(21−4×A)
を満たすことを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法が提供される。
前記一次被膜の表面から前記方向性電磁鋼板の板厚方向にグロー放電発光分析法による元素分析を行ったときに得られるAl発光強度のピーク位置DAlが、前記一次被膜の表面から前記板厚方向へ2.0〜12.0μmの範囲に存在し、
Al酸化物の個数密度NDが0.02〜0.20個/μm2であり、かつ
前記一次被膜の表面から前記方向性電磁鋼板の板厚方向にグロー放電発光分析法による元素分析を行ったときに得られるS発光強度のピーク位置DSが、前記一次被膜の表面から前記板厚方向へ1.0〜10.0μmの範囲に存在し、かつ
DS<DAlであり、かつ
磁束密度B8値が1.92T以上であることを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板が提供される。
本発明者らは、方向性電磁鋼板の一次被膜と鋼板の密着性を向上しつつ磁気特性を向上させるために、方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法について鋭意検討を行った結果、以下の知見を見出した。
前記一次再結晶焼鈍の昇温過程において、昇温開始〜550℃の間の平均昇温速度Va1(℃/s)、550℃〜700℃の間の平均昇温速度Va2(℃/s)、700℃〜昇温終了の間の平均昇温速度Va3(℃/s)が
Va1≦Va2、400≦Va2、Va3≦Va2
を満たし、
前記焼鈍分離剤において、前記焼鈍分離剤中の前記MgO含有量を質量%で100%としたとき、TiO2を0.5%以上10%以下、希土類金属の酸化物、硫化物、硫酸塩、珪化物、りん酸塩、水酸化物、炭酸塩、硼素化物、塩化物、および弗化物のうち1種または2種以上を希土類金属換算で0.1%以上10%以下、Ca、SrおよびBaからなる群から選択されるアルカリ土類金属の硫酸塩、炭酸塩、水酸化物、塩化物および酸化物のうち1種または2種以上をアルカリ土類金属換算で0.1以上10%以下、硫酸塩または硫化物を硫黄元素換算でA%含有し、該Aが(0.00025×Va2)≦A≦1.5を満たし、
かつ前記仕上焼鈍の昇温過程において、室温から700℃の間の前記焼鈍分離剤からの水分放出率が0.5%以上6.0%以下であり、900℃から1100℃の間の平均昇温速度Vf(℃/h)が、5≦Vf≦(21−4×A)である。
まず、本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板に用いられるスラブの成分組成について説明する。なお、以下では特に断りのない限り、「%」との表記は「質量%」を表わすものとする。また、以下で説明する元素以外のスラブの残部は、Feおよび不純物である。
続いて、スラブを加熱して熱間圧延を施すことで熱延鋼板に加工される。スラブは1280℃以上に加熱されることで、スラブ中のインヒビター成分が完全固溶される。スラブの加熱温度が1280℃未満である場合、MnS、MnSe、およびAlN等のインヒビター成分を充分に溶体化することが困難になるため好ましくない。なお、このときのスラブの加熱温度の上限値は、特に定めないが、設備保護の観点から1450℃が好ましく、例えば、スラブの加熱温度は、1300℃以上1450℃以下であってもよい。
続いて、加工された熱延鋼板は、熱延板焼鈍を施された後、1回の冷間圧延、または中間焼鈍を挟んだ複数回の冷間圧延にて圧延されることで、冷延鋼板に加工される。なお、中間焼鈍を挟んだ複数回の冷間圧延にて圧延する場合、前段の熱延板焼鈍を省略することも可能である。ただし、熱延板焼鈍を施す場合、鋼板形状がより良好になるため、冷間圧延にて鋼板が破断する可能性を軽減することができる。
次に、冷延鋼板は、急速昇温された後、脱炭焼鈍される。これらの過程は、一次再結晶焼鈍とも称され、連続して行われることが好ましい。一次再結晶焼鈍によって、冷延鋼板では、二次再結晶前のGoss方位粒を増加させることで、二次再結晶過程において、より理想Goss方位に近い方位粒が二次再結晶することが期待されるため、最終的な方向性電磁鋼板の磁束密度を向上することができる。
一次再結晶焼鈍は室温付近から昇温を開始し脱炭焼鈍温度程度まで昇温させることが一般的であり、その間の昇温速度は様々である。一方で、本発明では以下に説明するように、昇温開始〜550℃の間の平均昇温速度Va1(℃/s)、550℃〜700℃の間の平均昇温速度Va2(℃/s)、700℃〜昇温終了の間の平均昇温速度Va3(℃/s)が
Va1≦Va2、400≦Va2、Va3≦Va2とすることを特徴としている。一次再結晶焼鈍の昇温開始温度及び到達温度は特に限定されない。
さらに、550℃〜700℃の間の平均昇温速度Va2が400℃/s以上である場合、仕上焼鈍昇温過程において、焼鈍分離剤に含まれる硫黄の鋼板への浸入が促進され、鋼中でMnSが形成されてGoss方位粒以外の異常粒成長を抑制し、結果としてGoss方位粒の異常粒成長を促進することが明らかとなった。
その後、一次再結晶焼鈍後の冷延鋼板に仕上焼鈍を施す。その際、鋼板間の焼き付き防止や、一次被膜形成や、二次再結晶挙動制御などを目的としてMgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤が仕上焼鈍前に塗布される。前記焼鈍分離剤は、一般的に水スラリーの状態で鋼板表面に塗布、乾燥されるが、静電塗布法などを用いてもよい。ここで、焼鈍分離剤の添加物は、特に一次被膜と鋼板の密着性や二次再結晶挙動に大きな影響をおよぼす。以下に、焼鈍分離剤の添加物含有量および効果を記載する。ここで、含有量は焼鈍分離剤の主成分であるMgO含有量を質量%で100%としたときの添加物の含有量(質量%)である。「主成分」とは、ある物質に50質量%以上含まれている成分ことを言い、好ましくは70質量%以上、より好ましくは90質量%以上である。
仕上焼鈍は室温程度から昇温されることが一般的であり、また仕上焼鈍の昇温速度は様々である。一方で、本発明では以下に説明するように、室温から700℃の間の前記焼鈍分離剤からの水分放出率が0.5%以上6.0%以下であり、900℃〜1100℃の間の平均昇温速度Vfを所定の範囲とすることを特徴としている。
仕上焼鈍の昇温過程における室温〜700℃までの焼鈍分離剤からの水分放出率は、例えば、焼鈍分離剤を塗布および乾燥した後、仕上焼鈍が開始されるまでの間に、鋼板表面から焼鈍分離剤を回収して、室温から700℃まで昇温する間の重量減少率として測定されても良い。室温から700℃まで昇温する間の雰囲気は、窒素でもよいしArでもよい。重量減少率は、焼鈍分離剤をるつぼに入れ、昇温前後の重量を測定することで算出してもよいし、熱重量測定装置で測定してもよい。
続いて、仕上焼鈍の後、鋼板へ絶縁性および張力付与を目的として、例えば、リン酸アルミニウムまたはコロイダルシリカなどを主成分とした絶縁被膜が鋼板の表面に塗布される。その後、絶縁被膜の焼付、および仕上焼鈍による鋼板形状の平坦化を目的として、平坦化焼鈍が施される。なお、鋼板に対して絶縁性および張力が付与されるのであれば、絶縁被膜の成分は特に限定されない。なお、本実施形態では、需要家の目的によっては、方向性電磁鋼板に磁区制御処理が施されてもよいことは言うまでもない。
10mmφの曲げ加工密着性試験(10mmφ曲げ試験)とは、円筒型マンドレル屈曲試験機を用いて、サンプル鋼板を試験機に設置して曲げ試験を行い、曲げ試験後のサンプル鋼板の表面を観察することで実施される。また、被膜剥離面積率とはサンプル鋼板の全面積に対して、一次被膜が剥離した領域の面積の割合である。
本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板は、所定の成分を含む母材鋼板と母材鋼板の表面上に形成されており、Mg2SiO4を主成分として含有する一次被膜とを備えるものである。
本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板において、高磁束密度化とともに低鉄損化するためには、方向性電磁鋼板の母材鋼板に含有される成分組成のうち、下記元素の含有量を制御することが重要である。
一方、C含有量は低いほうが好ましいが、C含有量を0.0001%未満に低減しても、組織制御の効果は飽和し、製造コストが嵩むだけとなる。したがって、C含有量は、0.0001%以上としてもよい。
また、本発明者らは、一次被膜と鋼板の密着性と、一次被膜におけるAl酸化物の分布に、密接な関係があることを見出した。すなわち、本発明による方向性電磁鋼板において、一次被膜の表面から方向性電磁鋼板の板厚方向にグロー放電発光分析法による元素分析を実施したときに得られるAl発光強度のピーク位置DAlが、一次被膜の表面から板厚方向に2.0〜12.0μmの範囲内に配置される。
ND=特定されたAl酸化物の個数/観察領域の面積
まず、質量%で、C:0.08%、Si:3.3%、Mn:0.08%、S:0.024%、酸可溶性Al:0.03%、N:0.009%、Bi:0.03%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなる鋼塊を作製した。該鋼塊を1350℃にて1時間焼鈍した後、熱間圧延を施すことで、板厚2.3mmの熱延鋼板を得た。得られた熱延鋼板を最高温度1100℃にて140秒間焼鈍し、酸洗を施した後に冷間圧延を施すことで、板厚0.23mmの冷延鋼板を得た。
試験方法は次のとおりである。各試験番号の試験片に対して10mmの曲率で曲げ試験を実施した。曲げ試験は、円筒型マンドレル屈曲試験機を用いて、円筒の軸方向が試験片の幅方向と一致するように、試験機を試験片に設置して、試験片が180℃曲がるまで実施した。曲げ試験後の試験片の表面を観察し、一次被膜が剥離している領域の総面積を求めた。次の式により、剥離面積率を求めた。
剥離面積率=一次被膜が剥離した領域の総面積/試験片表面の面積×100
まず、質量%で、C:0.08%、Si:3.2%、Mn:0.08%、S:0.003%、Se:0.019%、酸可溶性Al:0.03%、N:0.009%、Bi:0.02%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物とからなる鋼塊を作製した。該鋼塊を1380℃にて1時間焼鈍した後、熱間圧延を施すことで、板厚2.3mmの熱延鋼板を得た。得られた熱延鋼板を最高温度1100℃にて140秒間焼鈍し、酸洗を施した後に冷間圧延を施すことで、板厚0.23mmの冷延鋼板を得た。
5≦Vf≦(21−4×A) ・・式2
まず、質量%で、C:0.08%、Si:3.3%、Mn:0.08%、S:0.025%、酸可溶性Al:0.03%、N:0.008%、Bi:0.02%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物とからなる鋼塊を作製した。該鋼塊を1380℃にて1時間焼鈍した後、熱間圧延を施すことで、板厚2.3mmの熱延鋼板を得た。得られた熱延鋼板を最高温度1100℃にて140秒間焼鈍し、酸洗を施した後に冷間圧延を施すことで、板厚0.23mmの冷延鋼板を得た。
Al酸化物個数密度NDは次のように求めた。グロー放電発光分析装置により、Alピーク位置DAlまでグロー放電を実施した。Alピーク位置DAlでの放電痕のうち、任意の36μm×50μmの領域(観察領域)に対して、エネルギー分散型X線分光器(EDS)による元素分析を実施して、観察領域中のAl酸化物を特定した。観察領域中の析出物のうち、AlとOとを含有したものをAl酸化物と特定した。特定されたAl酸化物の個数をカウントし、次の式でAl酸化物個数密度ND(個/μm2)を求めた。
ND=特定されたAl酸化物の個数/観察領域の面積
まず、質量%で、C:0.08%、S:0.025%、酸可溶性Al:0.03%、N:0.008%、Bi:0.02%を含有し、残部が表5に示す含有量のSiおよびMnと、Feおよび不純物とからなる鋼塊を作製した。該鋼塊を1350℃にて1時間焼鈍した後、熱間圧延を施すことで、板厚2.3mmの熱延鋼板を得た。得られた熱延鋼板を最高温度1100℃にて140秒間焼鈍し、酸洗を施した後に冷間圧延を施すことで、板厚0.23mmの冷延鋼板を得た。
まず、質量%で、C:0.08%、Si:3.3%、Mn:0.08%、S:0.024%、酸可溶性Al:0.03%、N:0.009%、Bi:0.01%を含有し、残部が表7に示す成分とFeおよび不純物からなる鋼塊を作製した。該鋼塊を1350℃にて1時間焼鈍した後、熱間圧延を施すことで、板厚2.3mmの熱延鋼板を得た。得られた熱延鋼板を最高温度1100℃にて140秒間焼鈍し、酸洗を施した後に冷間圧延を施すことで、板厚0.23mmの冷延鋼板を得た。
まず、質量%で、C:0.08%、Si:3.2%、Mn:0.08%、S:0.025%、酸可溶性Al:0.03%、N:0.008%、Bi:0.03%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなる鋼塊を作製した。該鋼塊を1350℃にて1時間焼鈍した後、熱間圧延を施すことで、板厚2.3mmの熱延鋼板を得た。得られた熱延鋼板を最高温度1100℃にて140秒間焼鈍し、酸洗を施した後に冷間圧延を施すことで、板厚0.23mmの冷延鋼板を得た。
Claims (4)
- 質量%で、C:0.005%以下、Si:2.5〜4.5%、Mn:0.01〜0.15%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなる母材鋼板と、母材鋼板の表面上に形成されており、Mg2SiO4を主成分として含有する一次被膜とを備える方向性電磁鋼板であって、
前記一次被膜の表面から前記方向性電磁鋼板の板厚方向にグロー放電発光分析法による元素分析を行ったときに得られるAl発光強度のピーク位置DAlが、前記一次被膜の表面から前記板厚方向へ2.0〜12.0μmの範囲に存在し、
前記ピーク位置DAlでのAl酸化物の個数密度NDが0.02〜0.20個/μm2であり、かつ
前記一次被膜の表面から前記方向性電磁鋼板の板厚方向にグロー放電発光分析法による元素分析を行ったときに得られるS発光強度のピーク位置DSが、前記一次被膜の表面から前記板厚方向へ1.0〜10.0μmの範囲に存在し、かつ
DS<DAlであり、かつ
磁束密度B8値が1.92T以上であることを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板。 - 前記母材鋼板は、質量%で、Cu:0.01%以上0.30%以下、Sn:0.01%以上0.30%以下、Ni:0.01%以上0.30%以下、Cr:0.01%以上0.30%以下、またはSb:0.01%以上0.30%以下のいずれか1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- 請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、
質量%で、C:0.02%以上0.10%以下、Si:2.5%以上4.5%以下、Mn:0.01%以上0.15%以下、SおよびSeのうち1種または2種の合計:0.001%以上0.050%以下、酸可溶性Al:0.01%以上0.05%以下、N:0.002%以上0.015%以下、Bi:0.0005%以上0.05%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなるスラブを、1280℃以上に加熱して、熱間圧延を施すことで、熱延鋼板とする工程と、前記熱延鋼板に熱延板焼鈍を施した後、一回の冷間圧延または中間焼鈍を挟む二回以上の冷間圧延を施すことで、冷延鋼板とする工程と、前記冷延鋼板に一次再結晶焼鈍を施す工程と、一次再結晶焼鈍後の前記冷延鋼板の表面にMgOを含む焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、仕上焼鈍を施す工程と、仕上焼鈍後の鋼板に絶縁被膜を塗布した後、平坦化焼鈍を施す工程と、を含み、
前記一次再結晶焼鈍の昇温過程において、昇温開始〜550℃の間の平均昇温速度Va1(℃/s)、550℃〜700℃の間の平均昇温速度Va2(℃/s)、700℃〜昇温終了の間の平均昇温速度Va3(℃/s)が
Va1≦Va2、400≦Va2、Va3≦Va2
を満たし、
前記焼鈍分離剤において、前記焼鈍分離剤中の前記MgO含有量を質量%で100%としたとき、TiO2を0.5%以上10%以下、希土類金属の酸化物、硫化物、硫酸塩、珪化物、りん酸塩、水酸化物、炭酸塩、硼素化物、塩化物、および弗化物のうち1種または2種以上を希土類金属換算で0.1%以上10%以下、Ca、SrおよびBaからなる群から選択されるアルカリ土類金属の硫酸塩、炭酸塩、水酸化物、塩化物および酸化物のうち1種または2種以上をアルカリ土類金属換算で0.1%以上10%以下、硫酸塩または硫化物を硫黄元素換算でA%含有し、該Aが以下の式
(0.00025×Va2)≦A≦1.5
を満たし、かつ
前記仕上焼鈍の昇温過程において、室温から700℃の間の前記焼鈍分離剤からの水分放出率が0.5%以上6.0%以下であり、900℃から1100℃の間の平均昇温速度Vf(℃/h)が以下の式
5≦Vf≦(21−4×A)
を満たすことを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。 - 請求項2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、
質量%で、C:0.02%以上0.10%以下、Si:2.5%以上4.5%以下、Mn:0.01%以上0.15%以下、SおよびSeのうち1種または2種の合計:0.001%以上0.050%以下、酸可溶性Al:0.01%以上0.05%以下、N:0.002%以上0.015%以下、Bi:0.0005%以上0.05%以下を含有し、さらにCu:0.01%以上0.30%以下、Sn:0.01%以上0.30%以下、Ni:0.01%以上0.30%以下、Cr:0.01%以上0.30%以下、またはSb:0.01%以上0.30%以下のいずれか1種または2種以上を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなるスラブを、1280℃以上に加熱して、熱間圧延を施すことで、熱延鋼板とする工程と、前記熱延鋼板に熱延板焼鈍を施した後、一回の冷間圧延または中間焼鈍を挟む二回以上の冷間圧延を施すことで、冷延鋼板とする工程と、前記冷延鋼板に一次再結晶焼鈍を施す工程と、一次再結晶焼鈍後の前記冷延鋼板の表面にMgOを含む焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、仕上焼鈍を施す工程と、仕上焼鈍後の鋼板に絶縁被膜を塗布した後、平坦化焼鈍を施す工程と、を含み、
前記一次再結晶焼鈍の昇温過程において、昇温開始〜550℃の間の平均昇温速度Va1(℃/s)、550℃〜700℃の間の平均昇温速度Va2(℃/s)、700℃〜昇温終了の間の平均昇温速度Va3(℃/s)が
Va1≦Va2、400≦Va2、Va3≦Va2
を満たし、
前記焼鈍分離剤において、前記焼鈍分離剤中の前記MgO含有量を質量%で100%としたとき、TiO 2 を0.5%以上10%以下、希土類金属の酸化物、硫化物、硫酸塩、珪化物、りん酸塩、水酸化物、炭酸塩、硼素化物、塩化物、および弗化物のうち1種または2種以上を希土類金属換算で0.1%以上10%以下、Ca、SrおよびBaからなる群から選択されるアルカリ土類金属の硫酸塩、炭酸塩、水酸化物、塩化物および酸化物のうち1種または2種以上をアルカリ土類金属換算で0.1%以上10%以下、硫酸塩または硫化物を硫黄元素換算でA%含有し、該Aが以下の式
(0.00025×Va2)≦A≦1.5
を満たし、かつ
前記仕上焼鈍の昇温過程において、室温から700℃の間の前記焼鈍分離剤からの水分放出率が0.5%以上6.0%以下であり、900℃から1100℃の間の平均昇温速度Vf(℃/h)が以下の式
5≦Vf≦(21−4×A)
を満たすことを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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