JP6744308B2 - 天然ガスの状炭化水素液体燃料への直接的な取り込み - Google Patents
天然ガスの状炭化水素液体燃料への直接的な取り込み Download PDFInfo
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- JP6744308B2 JP6744308B2 JP2017530073A JP2017530073A JP6744308B2 JP 6744308 B2 JP6744308 B2 JP 6744308B2 JP 2017530073 A JP2017530073 A JP 2017530073A JP 2017530073 A JP2017530073 A JP 2017530073A JP 6744308 B2 JP6744308 B2 JP 6744308B2
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G15/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs
- C10G15/12—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs with gases superheated in an electric arc, e.g. plasma
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G32/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
- C10G32/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by electric or magnetic means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/007—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrocarbon gases, such as methane or natural gas, propane, butane or mixtures thereof [LPG]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
- C10L2250/06—Particle, bubble or droplet size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
- C10L2290/143—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/36—Applying radiation such as microwave, IR, UV
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/38—Applying an electric field or inclusion of electrodes in the apparatus
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Description
この出願の発明に関連する先行技術文献情報としては、以下のものがある(国際出願日以降国際段階で引用された文献及び他国に国内移行した際に引用された文献を含む)。
(先行技術文献)
(特許文献)
(特許文献1) 米国特許出願公開第2011/0190565号明細書
(特許文献2) 米国特許出願公開第2012/0297665号明細書
(特許文献3) 米国特許出願公開第2005/0167260号明細書
(特許文献4) 国際公開第2005/115610号
(非特許文献)
(非特許文献1)SEMENOVA, O. A. et al., 'Electrical parameters and concentrations of charged particles in methane plasma', Russian microelectronics, 2013,Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 301−308.
CH4 *+RH→CH3R(H)H,
CH4 *+ROH→RCH3+H2O,
CH4 *+R1=R2H→CH3R1R2H,
CH4 *+Armt→CH3RH
ここでCH4 *はメタンの活性化された分子である。RH―炭化水素の一般的な化学式。Armt―芳香族炭化水素類。
R1=R2+CH4→HR1−R2CH3、ΔH=−0.5eV/モル
この反応は発熱であり、それゆえエネルギー費は最高でCH4の0.3eV/モルまでである。他方、重合および解離のような非熱プラズマによって誘導され得る液体炭化水素に関与する他の反応は、強吸熱性であり、したがって、直接の液化工程の間では好ましくない。
−電極の複数の組をプラズマ生成のために、単一の電力供給に接続することが可能であるため、工業規模までの規模拡大の容易さ、および
−プラズマ、ガス状炭化水素および液体炭化水素の直接的な相互作用が高い取り込み効率を保証する、液体炭化水素の範囲内での非熱プラズマの発生。
Claims (23)
- ガス状炭化水素を液体炭化水素に取り込む方法であって、
活性化ガス状炭化水素を提供するために、約10〜約30Tdの範囲のE/N比率を有する換算電界を用いて発生させた非熱プラズマに前記ガス状炭化水素を曝露する工程であって、前記E/N比率は換算電界の測定値であり、EはV/cmでの電界、Nは中性粒子の濃度または数密度である、曝露する工程と、
前記ガス状炭化水素を前記液体炭化水素に取り込むために、前記液体炭化水素を前記活性化ガス状炭化水素に接触させる工程と
を有する方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、前記換算電界が有するE/N比率は、約12から約28Tdまで、または約14から約26Tdまで、または約14から約24Tdまで、または約16から約22Tdまで、または約18から約20Tdまでの範囲である、方法。
- 請求項1〜2のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記換算電界は、約0.2eVから約2eVまで、または約0.4eVから約1.8eVまで、または約0.6eVから約1.6eVまで、または約0.6eVから約1.4eVまで、または約0.8eVから約1.2eVまで、または約0.9eVから約1.2eVまで、または約0.9eVから約1.1eVまでの範囲の電子エネルギーを発生させる、方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記換算電界は、高圧ガス流グライディングアーク放電、マイクロ波放電、コロナ放電、大気圧グロー放電、および誘電体バリア放電から選択される放電によって発生される、方法。
- 請求項4記載の方法において、前記放電は大気圧グロー放電である、方法。
- 請求項5記載の方法において、前記大気圧グロー放電は、約1kVから約5kVまで、または約1.2kVから約4.5kVまで、または約1.5kVから約4kVまで、または約1.7kVから約3.5kVまで、または約2kVから約3kVまでの範囲の電圧を用いて発生される、方法。
- 請求項5〜6のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記大気圧グロー放電は、約0.2mAから約10mAまで、または約0.4mAから約8mAまで、または約0.6mAから約6mAまで、または約0.8mAから約4mAまで、または約1.0mAから約2.0mAまでの範囲の電流を用いて発生される、方法。
- 請求項5〜7のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記大気圧グロー放電は、約1kHzから約500kHzまで、または約5kHzから約400kHzまで、または約10kHzから約300kHzまで、または約15kHzから約200kHzまで、または約20kHzから約150kHzまで、または約20kHzから約100kHzまで、または約25kHzから約75kHzまでの範囲の周波数を有する交流を用いて発生される、方法。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記ガス状炭化水素は、メタン、エタン、プロパン、n−ブタン、イソブタン、tert−ブタン、およびその組合せから選択される、方法。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記ガス状炭化水素は、天然ガスのメタンである、方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記液体炭化水素は、C5からC28のヒドロカルビル基を有する炭化水素から選択される、方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記液体炭化水素は、C5からC20のアルカン、アルケン、アルキン、それらの異性体、およびその組合せから選択される、方法。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記液体炭化水素は液体燃料の成分であり、前記液体燃料は、原油、ガソリン、灯油、ナフサ、ディーゼル油、軽油、暖房油、燃料油、残油、および原油から製造される他の石油製品から選択される、方法。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記液体炭化水素は液体燃料の成分であり、前記液体燃料は、石炭、シェール油、瀝青砂、およびタールサンドから生じる、低級の液体燃料および合成燃料から選択される、方法。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記液体炭化水素は液体燃料の成分であり、前記接触させる工程は、前記液体燃料を、約1ミクロンから約30ミクロンまで、または約3ミクロンから約27ミクロンまで、または約5ミクロンから約25ミクロンまで、または約7ミクロンから約23ミクロンまで、または約10ミクロンから約20ミクロンまで、または約12ミクロンから約18ミクロンまでの範囲の平均直径を有する液滴にまで径を減少させる工程を有する、方法。
- 請求項15記載の方法において、前記液滴は、空気ノズルまたは噴霧器を用いて産生される、方法。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記接触させる工程において、前記ガス状炭化水素と前記液体炭化水素との間のモル比は、約1:20から約1:2まで、または約1:18から約1:4まで、または約1:16から約1:5まで、または約1:14から約1:6まで、または約1:12から約1:7まで、または約1:10から約1:8までの範囲である、方法。
- 請求項1〜17のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記接触させる工程の間に触媒が存在する、方法。
- 請求項18記載の方法において、前記触媒は、遷移金属、遷移金属を含有する化合物、またはそれらの混合物を含む有機金属化合物である、方法。
- 請求項18〜19のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記遷移金属は、周期表のV族、VI族、およびVIII族から選択される、方法。
- 請求項18〜20のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記触媒は、金属ナフテン、硫酸エチル、または多金属陰イオンのアンモニウム塩である、方法。
- 請求項18〜21のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記触媒は、ペレット、顆粒、ワイヤー、メッシュスクリーン、多孔板、ロッド、および細長い一片の形態である、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、反応しなかったガス状炭化水素は、前記曝露する工程に戻し再循環される、方法。
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EP3227411A4 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
EP3227411B1 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
EP3227411A1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
CA2969688A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
JP2018506597A (ja) | 2018-03-08 |
US20180171249A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
EA037733B1 (ru) | 2021-05-14 |
US10308885B2 (en) | 2019-06-04 |
ZA201703865B (en) | 2019-07-31 |
AU2015358565A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
MX2017007234A (es) | 2018-04-10 |
WO2016089994A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
CN107250324A (zh) | 2017-10-13 |
BR112017011857B1 (pt) | 2022-05-17 |
IL252643A0 (en) | 2017-07-31 |
EA201791196A1 (ru) | 2017-11-30 |
AU2015358565B2 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
CN107250324B (zh) | 2019-11-15 |
BR112017011857A2 (pt) | 2018-02-27 |
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