JP2018506597A - 天然ガスの状炭化水素液体燃料への直接的な取り込み - Google Patents
天然ガスの状炭化水素液体燃料への直接的な取り込み Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
CH4 *+RH→CH3R(H)H,
CH4 *+ROH→RCH3+H2O,
CH4 *+R1=R2H→CH3R1R2H,
CH4 *+Armt→CH3RH
ここでCH4 *はメタンの活性化された分子である。RH―炭化水素の一般的な化学式。Armt―芳香族炭化水素類。
R1=R2+CH4→HR1−R2CH3、ΔH=−0.5eV/モル
この反応は発熱であり、それゆえエネルギー費は最高でCH4の0.3eV/モルまでである。他方、重合および解離のような非熱プラズマによって誘導され得る液体炭化水素に関与する他の反応は、強吸熱性であり、したがって、直接の液化工程の間では好ましくない。
−電極の複数の組をプラズマ生成のために、単一の電力供給に接続することが可能であるため、工業規模までの規模拡大の容易さ、および
−プラズマ、ガス状炭化水素および液体炭化水素の直接的な相互作用が高い取り込み効率を保証する、液体炭化水素の範囲内での非熱プラズマの発生。
Claims (23)
- ガス状炭化水素を液体炭化水素に取り込む方法であって、
活性化ガス状炭化水素を提供するために、約10〜約30Tdの範囲のE/N比率で、減少した電界を用いて発生させた非熱プラズマに前記ガス状炭化水素を曝露する工程と、
前記ガス状炭化水素を前記液体炭化水素に取り込むために、前記液体炭化水素を前記活性化ガス状炭化水素に接触させる工程と
を有する方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、前記減少した電界が有するE/N比率は、約12から約28Tdまで、または約14から約26Tdまで、または約14から約24Tdまで、または約16から約22Tdまで、または約18から約20Tdまでの範囲である、方法。
- 請求項1〜2のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記減少した電界は、約0.2eVから約2eVまで、または約0.4eVから約1.8eVまで、または約0.6eVから約1.6eVまで、または約0.6eVから約1.4eVまで、または約0.8eVから約1.2eVまで、または約0.9eVから約1.2eVまで、または約0.9eVから約1.1eVまでの範囲の電子エネルギーを発生させる、方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記減少した電界は、高圧ガス流グライディングアーク放電、マイクロ波放電、コロナ放電、大気圧グロー放電、および誘電体バリア放電から選択される放電によって発生される、方法。
- 請求項4記載の方法において、前記放電は大気圧グロー放電である、方法。
- 請求項5記載の方法において、前記大気圧グロー放電は、約1kVから約5kVまで、または約1.2kVから約4.5kVまで、または約1.5kVから約4kVまで、または約1.7kVから約3.5kVまで、または約2kVから約3kVまでの範囲の電圧を用いて発生される、方法。
- 請求項5〜6のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記大気圧グロー放電は、約0.2mAから約10mAまで、または約0.4mAから約8mAまで、または約0.6mAから約6mAまで、または約0.8mAから約4mAまで、または約1.0mAから約2.0mAまでの範囲の電流を用いて発生される、方法。
- 請求項5〜7のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記大気圧グロー放電は、約1kHzから約500kHzまで、または約5kHzから約400kHzまで、または約10kHzから約300kHzまで、または約15kHzから約200kHzまで、または約20kHzから約150kHzまで、または約20kHzから約100kHzまで、または約25kHzから約75kHzまでの範囲の周波数を有する交流を用いて発生される、方法。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記ガス状炭化水素は、メタン、エタン、プロパン、n−ブタン、イソブタン、tert−ブタン、およびその組合せから選択される、方法。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記ガス状炭化水素は、天然ガスのメタンである、方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記液体炭化水素は、C5からC28のヒドロカルビル基を有する炭化水素から選択される、方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記液体炭化水素は、C5からC20のアルカン、アルケン、アルキン、それらの異性体、およびその組合せから選択される、方法。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記液体燃料は、原油、ガソリン、灯油、ナフサ、ディーゼル油、軽油、暖房油、燃料油、残油、および原油から製造される他の石油製品から選択される、方法。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記液体燃料は、石炭、シェール油、瀝青砂、およびタールサンドから生じる、低級の液体燃料および合成燃料から選択される、方法。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記接触させる工程は、前記液体燃料を、約1ミクロンから約30ミクロンまで、または約3ミクロンから約27ミクロンまで、または約5ミクロンから約25ミクロンまで、または約7ミクロンから約23ミクロンまで、または約10ミクロンから約20ミクロンまで、または約12ミクロンから約18ミクロンまでの範囲の平均直径を有する液滴にまで径を減少させる工程を有する、方法。
- 請求項15記載の方法において、前記液滴は、空気ノズルまたは噴霧器を用いて産生される、方法。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記接触させる工程において、前記ガス状炭化水素と前記液体炭化水素との間のモル比は、約1:20から約1:2まで、または約1:18から約1:4まで、または約1:16から約1:5まで、または約1:14から約1:6まで、または約1:12から約1:7まで、または約1:10から約1:8までの範囲である、方法。
- 請求項1〜17のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記接触させる工程の間に触媒が存在する、方法。
- 請求項18記載の方法において、前記触媒は、遷移金属、遷移金属を含有する化合物、またはそれらの混合物を含む有機金属化合物である、方法。
- 請求項18〜19のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記遷移金属は、周期表のV族、VI族、およびVIII族から選択される、方法。
- 請求項18〜20のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記触媒は、金属ナフテン、硫酸エチル、または多金属陰イオンのアンモニウム塩である、方法。
- 請求項18〜21のいずれか1つ記載の方法において、前記触媒は、ペレット、顆粒、ワイヤー、メッシュスクリーン、多孔板、ロッド、および細長い一片の形態である、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、反応しなかったガス状炭化水素は、前記曝露する工程に戻し再循環される、方法。
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US201462086795P | 2014-12-03 | 2014-12-03 | |
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PCT/US2015/063423 WO2016089994A1 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2015-12-02 | Direct incorporation of natural gas into hydrocarbon liquid fuels |
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JP2020168607A (ja) * | 2019-04-03 | 2020-10-15 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 気泡の製造方法及び物質の製造方法 |
JP7295395B2 (ja) | 2019-04-03 | 2023-06-21 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 気泡の製造方法及び物質の製造方法 |
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BR112017011857A2 (pt) | 2018-02-27 |
EA201791196A1 (ru) | 2017-11-30 |
US20180171249A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
EA037733B1 (ru) | 2021-05-14 |
US10308885B2 (en) | 2019-06-04 |
EP3227411A4 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
BR112017011857B1 (pt) | 2022-05-17 |
IL252643A0 (en) | 2017-07-31 |
CN107250324A (zh) | 2017-10-13 |
CA2969688A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
CN107250324B (zh) | 2019-11-15 |
WO2016089994A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
ZA201703865B (en) | 2019-07-31 |
JP6744308B2 (ja) | 2020-08-19 |
AU2015358565A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
EP3227411A1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
EP3227411B1 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
AU2015358565B2 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
MX2017007234A (es) | 2018-04-10 |
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