JP6721401B2 - エピタキシャル成長による半導体デバイスの製作 - Google Patents
エピタキシャル成長による半導体デバイスの製作 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6721401B2 JP6721401B2 JP2016090310A JP2016090310A JP6721401B2 JP 6721401 B2 JP6721401 B2 JP 6721401B2 JP 2016090310 A JP2016090310 A JP 2016090310A JP 2016090310 A JP2016090310 A JP 2016090310A JP 6721401 B2 JP6721401 B2 JP 6721401B2
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Description
2 方法
4 半導体基板
12 半導体本体
21 プロセスステップ
22 プロセスステップ
23 プロセスステップ
24 プロセスステップ
40 表面
121 表側
122 裏側
123 ドリフト層
124 本体領域
125 裏側エミッタ層
126 緩衝層
127 キャップ層
150 マスク
151 マスク
400 最大
411 極大値
412 極大値
413 極大値
421 極小値
Claims (21)
- 半導体デバイス(1)を製作する方法(2)であって、前記方法(2)は、
−表面(40)を有する半導体基板(4)を提供すること(20)と、
−前記表面(40)と垂直な鉛直方向(Z)に沿って、前記表面(40)の上に裏側エミッタ層(125)をエピタキシャル成長させること(21)であって、前記裏側エミッタ層(125)は、第1の導電型のドーパント、または前記第1の導電型と相補的な第2の導電型のドーパントを有する、エピタキシャル成長させること(21)と、
緩衝層(126)の上にドリフト層をエピタキシャル成長させる(23)前に、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿って、前記裏側エミッタ層(125)の上に前記緩衝層(126)をエピタキシャル成長させること(22)であって、前記緩衝層(126)は、前記ドリフト層(123)よりも高いドーパント濃度の前記第1の導電型のドーパントを有する、エピタキシャル成長させること(22)と、
−前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿って、前記裏側エミッタ層(125)の上方に前記第1の導電型のドーパントを有するドリフト層(123)をエピタキシャル成長させること(23)であって、前記裏側エミッタ層(125)のドーパント濃度は前記ドリフト層(123)のドーパント濃度よりも高い、エピタキシャル成長させること(23)と、
−前記ドリフト層(123)内またはその上のいずれかに、前記第2の導電型のドーパントを有する本体領域(124)を作製すること(24)であって、前記本体領域(124)と前記ドリフト層(123)との間の移行部はpn接合(Zpn)を形成する、作製すること(24)と、
を含み、
前記ドリフト層(123)をエピタキシャル成長させること(23)は、前記ドリフト層(123)内に、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記第1の導電型のドーパントのドーパント濃度プロファイル(P)を作り出すことを含み、前記ドーパント濃度プロファイル(P)は、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記第1の導電型のドーパントの濃度の変化であって、前記緩衝層(126)から前記本体領域(124)にかけて実質的に一定値であり、前記移行部近傍で減少するドーパント濃度プロファイル(P)を呈し、
前記緩衝層(126)をエピタキシャル成長させること(22)は、前記緩衝層(126)内に、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記第1の導電型のドーパントのドーパント濃度プロファイル(Q)を作り出すことを含み、前記ドーパント濃度プロファイル(Q)は、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記第1の導電型のドーパントの濃度の変化であって、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記ドーパント濃度の段階的増加および段階的減少のうちの少なくとも一方を呈するとともに、複数のピークを有し、当該複数のピークのそれぞれは、略一定のドーパント濃度を呈する、
方法(2)。 - 前記ドリフト層(123)内における前記ドーパント濃度プロファイル(P)の最大が、前記pn接合(Zpn)における前記第1の導電型のドーパントの濃度よりも少なくとも2倍高い、請求項1に記載の方法(2)。
- 前記緩衝層(126)内における前記ドーパント濃度プロファイル(Q)が少なくとも1つの箱形区域(B)を含み、前記少なくとも1つの箱形区域(B)の第1の側方縁部(E1)は、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記ドーパント濃度の段階的増加を含み、前記箱形区域の第2の側方縁部(E2)は、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記ドーパント濃度の段階的減少を含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法(2)。
- 前記ドーパント濃度が、前記ドーパント濃度プロファイル(Q)の少なくとも1つの前記段階的増加および/または少なくとも1つの前記段階的減少において、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿って1μmの距離にわたって少なくとも2倍変化する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法(2)。
- 前記緩衝層(126)内における前記ドーパント濃度プロファイル(Q)が、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記緩衝層(126)の総延長の少なくとも10%の距離にわたる、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記ドーパント濃度の線形増加および線形減少のうちの一方を呈する、少なくとも1つの線形区域を含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法(2)。
- 前記緩衝層(126)内における前記ドーパント濃度プロファイル(Q)が複数の極大値(411、412、413)を呈する、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記緩衝層(126)内における前記ドーパント濃度プロファイル(Q)が、前記複数の極大値のうちの2つの隣り合う極大値(411、412)の間に位置する少なくとも1つの極小値(421)を呈し、前記極小値(421)におけるドーパント濃度は前記隣り合う極大値の各々の前記ドーパント濃度よりも少なくとも2倍低い、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿って、半導体層(123、126)をエピタキシャル成長させること(22、23)によってドーパント濃度プロファイル(P、Q)を作り出すことが、ドーパントの時間依存混合を含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法(2)。
- 前記本体領域(124)を作製すること(24)が、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿って前記ドリフト層(123)の上に前記本体領域(124)をエピタキシャル成長させること(24)を含む、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法(2)。
- −キャップ層(127)の上に後続の半導体層(123、124、126)をエピタキシャル成長させる(22、23、24)前に、前記エピタキシャル成長させた(21、22、23、24)半導体層(123、124、125、126)のうちの少なくとも1つの上に、実質的にドープされないか、または低濃度にドープされた前記キャップ層(127)をエピタキシャル成長させること(21−1)、および
−前記半導体層(123、124、125、126)のうちの少なくとも1つの前記エピタキシャル成長(21、22、23、24)をある地点において中断し、前記半導体層(123、124、125、126)の前記エピタキシャル成長(21、22、23、24)を再開する前に、その地点まで成長させた前記半導体層(123、124、125、126)の一部分の上に、実質的にドープされないか、または低濃度にドープされたキャップ層(127)をエピタキシャル成長させること(21−1)、
のうちの少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法(2)。 - 前記裏側エミッタ層(125)の上に後続の半導体層(123、126)をエピタキシャル成長させる(22、23)前に、前記裏側エミッタ層(125)内にドーパントを打ち込むことをさらに含み、少なくとも1回のマスクされた打ち込みプロセスによって前記裏側エミッタ層(125)のドーパント濃度の横方向の変化が実現される、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法(2)。
- 前記緩衝層(126)の上に前記ドリフト層(123)をエピタキシャル成長させる(23)前に、前記緩衝層(126)内にドーパントを打ち込むことをさらに含み、少なくとも1回のマスクされた打ち込みプロセスによって前記緩衝層(126)のドーパント濃度の横方向の変化が実現される、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法(2)。
- 前記裏側エミッタ層(125)をエピタキシャル成長させること(21)が、
−前記裏側エミッタ層(125)の前記エピタキシャル成長をある地点において中断すること(21−2)と、
−その地点まで成長させた前記裏側エミッタ層(125)の一部分の上にマスク(150)を作製すること(21−3)と、
−前記エピタキシャル成長させたエミッタ層(125)内に存在する前記ドーパントの前記導電型と相補的な導電型のドーパントの打ち込みを用いて、前記裏側エミッタ層(125)内に複数の島領域(125−1)を作製すること(21−4)と、
を含む、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の方法(2)。 - 前記島領域(125−1)が前記鉛直方向(Z)に前記裏側エミッタ層(125)全体を貫いて延在し、それにより、半導体本体(12)の裏側(122)と接触する、請求項13に記載の方法(2)。
- 前記緩衝層(126)をエピタキシャル成長させること(22)が、
−前記緩衝層(126)の前記エピタキシャル成長をある地点において中断すること(22−2)と、
−その地点まで成長させた前記緩衝層(126)の一部分の上にマスク(151)を作製すること(22−3)と、
−前記第2の導電型のドーパントの打ち込みを用いて、前記緩衝層(126)内に複数の島領域(126−1)を作製すること(21−4)と、
を含む、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法(2)。 - 前記半導体基板(4)を除去し(25)、それにより、前記半導体本体(12)の裏側(122)を少なくとも部分的に露出させることをさらに含み、前記半導体基板(4)を除去した(25)後に、
−前記裏側(122)から前記裏側エミッタ層(125)内にドーパントを打ち込むこと(26)、および
−前記裏側エミッタ層(125)内に損傷領域(125−3)を作製すること(26)であって、前記損傷領域(125−3)の導電率は、前記損傷領域(125−3)の外部の前記裏側エミッタ層(125)の区域の導電率よりも低い、作製すること(26)、
のうちの少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の方法(2)。 - 表側(121)および裏側(122)を有する半導体本体(12)を含む半導体デバイス(1)であって、前記半導体本体(12)は、前記裏側(122)から前記表側(121)へ向いた鉛直方向(Z)に延在し、前記半導体本体(12)は、
−第1の導電型のドーパントを有するエピタキシャル成長させたドリフト層(123)と、
−前記ドリフト層(123)内またはその上のいずれかに配置され、前記第1の導電型と相補的な第2の導電型のドーパントを有する本体領域(124)であって、前記本体領域(124)と前記ドリフト層(123)との間の移行部はpn接合(Zpn)を形成する、本体領域(124)と、
−前記ドリフト層(123)と前記裏側(122)との中間に配置されるエピタキシャル成長させた裏側エミッタ層(125)であって、前記裏側エミッタ層(125)は前記第1の導電型または前記第2の導電型のドーパントを有し、前記ドリフト層(123)よりも高いドーパント濃度を有する、裏側エミッタ層(125)と、
−前記ドリフト層(123)と接触するエピタキシャル成長させた緩衝層(126)であって、前記緩衝層(126)は、前記ドリフト層(123)と前記裏側エミッタ層(125)との中間に配置され、前記ドリフト層(123)よりも高いドーパント濃度の前記第1の導電型のドーパントを有する、緩衝層(126)
を含み、
前記ドリフト層(123)は、前記ドリフト層(123)内に、鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記第1の導電型のドーパントのドーパント濃度プロファイル(P)を含み、前記ドーパント濃度プロファイル(P)は、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記第1の導電型のドーパントの濃度の変化であって、前記緩衝層(126)から前記本体領域(124)にかけて実質的に一定値であり、前記移行部近傍で減少するドーパント濃度プロファイル(P)を呈し、
前記緩衝層(126)は、前記緩衝層(126)内に、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記第1の導電型のドーパントのドーパント濃度プロファイル(Q)を含み、前記ドーパント濃度プロファイル(Q)は、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記第1の導電型のドーパントの濃度の変化であって、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿った前記ドーパント濃度の段階的増加および段階的減少のうちの少なくとも一方を呈するとともに、複数のピークを有し、当該複数のピークのそれぞれは、略一定のドーパント濃度を呈する、半導体デバイス(1)。 - 前記ドリフト層(123)内における前記ドーパント濃度プロファイル(P)の最大(400)が、前記pn接合(Zpn)における前記第1の導電型のドーパントの濃度よりも少なくとも2倍高い、請求項17に記載の半導体デバイス(1)。
- 前記緩衝層(126)内において、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿ったドーパント濃度プロファイル(Q)が少なくとも2倍の前記ドーパント濃度の変化を呈する、請求項17または18に記載の半導体デバイス(1)。
- 前記緩衝層(126)内において、前記鉛直方向(Z)に沿ったドーパント濃度プロファイル(Q)が、段階形区域、箱形区域、実質的に線形の区域、および複数の極大値のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項17から19のいずれか一項に記載の半導体デバイス(1)。
- 前記本体領域(124)が、エピタキシャル成長させた半導体層を含む、請求項17から20のいずれか一項に記載の半導体デバイス(1)。
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