JP6605996B2 - 電池、電池パック、および車両 - Google Patents
電池、電池パック、および車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6605996B2 JP6605996B2 JP2016053367A JP2016053367A JP6605996B2 JP 6605996 B2 JP6605996 B2 JP 6605996B2 JP 2016053367 A JP2016053367 A JP 2016053367A JP 2016053367 A JP2016053367 A JP 2016053367A JP 6605996 B2 JP6605996 B2 JP 6605996B2
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- battery
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
第1の実施形態の一つの態様によれば、電極積層体を1つ以上具備する電池が提供される。電極積層体は、電解質層と第1の電極層と第2の電極層とを含む。電解質層は、電解質とカルボキシルメチルセルロースナトリウム塩とを含む。第1の電極層は、第1の活物質とカルボキシルメチルセルロースアンモニウム塩とを含み、電解質層の一方の面に結着している。第2の電極層は、第2の活物質と有機溶媒に可溶な第1の結着剤とを含み、電解質層の他方の面に結着している。
実施形態に係る電池において、第1の電極層および第2の電極層の少なくとも一方が負極層となり得る。負極層は、負極活物質(第1の活物質または第2の活物質)と結着剤とを含む。態様によって異なるが、結着剤は、CMCアンモニウム塩、CMCナトリウム塩、または有機溶媒に可溶な第1の結着剤を含む。また、結着剤は、スチレン・ブタジエンゴム(SBR)などの水系エマルジョンバインダーをさらに含むことができる。
実施形態に係る電池において、第1の電極層および第2の電極層の少なくとも一方が正極層となり得る。正極層は、正極活物質(第1の活物質または第2の活物質)と結着剤とを含む。態様によって異なるが、結着剤は、CMCアンモニウム塩、CMCナトリウム塩、または有機溶媒に可溶な第1の結着剤を含む。また、結着剤は、スチレン・ブタジエンゴム(SBR)などの水系エマルジョンバインダーをさらに含むことができる。
電解質層は、電解質を含む。また、電解質層は、結着剤としてカルボキシルメチルセルロース(CMC)の塩を含むが、態様によってCMCの塩の種類が異なる。上述したとおり、第一の電極層がCMCアンモニウム塩を含む場合は、電解質層はCMCナトリウム塩を含む。第2の電極層がCMCナトリウム塩を含む場合は、電解質層はCMCアンモニウム塩を含む。また、電解質層は、スチレン・ブタジエンゴム(SBR)などの水系エマルジョンバインダーをさらに含むことができる。
集電層は、集電体としての箔(集電箔)、または導電剤と第2の結着剤を含み得る。
外装部材としては、例えば板厚0.5mm以下の金属製容器や、板厚0.2mm以下のラミネートフィルム製容器を用いることができる。金属製容器として、例えばアルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、鉄、ステンレスなどからなり、角形、円筒形の形状の金属缶を用いることができる。金属製容器の板厚は、0.2mm以下にすることがより望ましい。
電極端子(電極リード)は、リチウムのイオン化電位に対し0.4V以上3V以下(vs.Li/Li+)の電位範囲における電気的安定性と導電性とを備える材料から形成することが好ましい。具体的には、Mg、Ti、Zn、Mn、Fe、Cu、Si等の元素を含むアルミニウム合金、およびアルミニウムが挙げられる。接触抵抗を低減するために、リード接続用の集電体と同様の材料が好ましい。
次に、電極積層体の作製方法の例を説明する。
電極積層体のおける各層に含まれている成分は、以下のようにして測定することができる。
第2の実施形態によれば、電池パックが提供される。この電池パックは、第1の実施形態に係る電池を具備する。
第3の実施形態によれば、車両が提供される。ここでいう車両としては、内燃機関と電池駆動の電動機とを組み合わせて走行動力源とした二輪乃至四輪のハイブリッド電気自動車、電池駆動の電動機のみを走行動力源とした二輪乃至四輪の電気自動車、及び人の力と組み合わせたアシスト自転車などが挙げられる。
(実施例1)
<電極積層体の作製>
実施例1では、次のようにして電極積層体としての一体型ユニットを作製した。
以下に説明する方法で三極式セルを作製した。
実施例2では、先ず負極活物質としてのNb2TiO7の粒子表面に1wt%のカーボンコートを担持した。このようにしてカーボンコートしたNb2TiO7を用いたことを除き、実施例1と同様にして実施例2の三極式セルを作製した。
実施例3では、複合電解質層の材料としてのLi7La3Zr2O12粒子の一次粒子サイズ(平均粒径)を10μmに変更したことを除き、実施例1と同様にして実施例3の三極式セルを作製した。
実施例4では、Li7La3Zr2O12粒子の代わりに一次粒子サイズ(平均粒径)1μmのAl2O3粒子を用いたことを除き、実施例1と同様にして実施例4の三極式セルを作製した。
実施例5では、負極層の負極活物質として、平均粒径1μmのLi4Ti5O12(LTO)を用いたことを除き、実施例1と同様にして実施例5の三極式セルを作製した。
実施例6では、先ず、負極活物質としてのLTOの粒子表面に1wt%のカーボンコートを担持した。このようにしてカーボンコートしたLTOを用いたことを除き、実施例5と同様にして実施例6の三極式セルを作製した。
実施例7では、複合電解質層の材料としてのLi7La3Zr2O12粒子の一次粒子サイズ(平均粒径)を10μmに変更したことを除き、実施例5と同様にして実施例7の三極式セルを作製した。
実施例8では、Li7La3Zr2O12粒子の代わりに一次粒子サイズ(平均粒径)1μmのAl2O3粒子を用いたことを除き、実施例5と同様にして実施例8の三極式セルを作製した。
実施例9では、負極層の負極活物質として、平均粒径10μmの
Li2.2Na1.5Ti5.5Nb0.5O14粒子を用いたことを除き、実施例1と同様にして実施例9の三極式セルを作製した。
実施例10では、先ず、負極活物質としてのLi2.2Na1.5Ti5.5Nb0.5O14の粒子表面に1wt%のカーボンコートを担持した。このようにしてカーボンコートしたLi2.2Na1.5Ti5.5Nb0.5O14を用いたことを除き、実施例9と同様にして実施例10の三極式セルを作製した。
実施例11では、複合電解質層の材料としてのLi7La3Zr2O12粒子の一次粒子サイズ(平均粒径)を10μmに変更したことを除き、実施例9と同様にして実施例11の三極式セルを作製した。
実施例12では、Li7La3Zr2O12粒子の代わりに一次粒子サイズ(平均粒径)1μmのAl2O3粒子を用いたことを除き、実施例9と同様にして実施例12の三極式セルを作製した。
<電極積層体の作製>
実施例13では、次のようにして電極積層体としての一体型ユニットを作製した。
実施例13では、上記のようにして作製した実施例13の電極積層体を用いたことを除き、実施例1と同様にして実施例13の三極式セルを作製した。
<電極積層体の作製>
実施例14では、次のようにして電極積層体としての一体型ユニットを作製した。
実施例14では、上記のようにして作製した実施例14の電極積層体を用いたことを除き、実施例1と同様にして実施例14の三極式セルを作製した。
実施例15では、次のようにして電極積層対としての一体型ユニットを作製した。
実施例15では、上記のようにして作製した実施例15の電極積層体を用いたことを除き、実施例1と同様にして実施例15の三極式セルを作製した。
<電極積層体の作製>
負極活物質として、平均粒子径が5μmのNb2TiO7を用意した。負極層の材料としては、この負極活物質粉末93重量%と、アセチレンブラック粉末2.5重量%と、黒鉛粉末2.5重量%と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)2重量%とを用意した。これらの負極層材料をN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)に加えて混合してスラリーとした。これにより得られたスラリーを、厚さが15μmで、平均結晶粒子径が30μmのアルミニウム箔に塗布した。塗布した負極材料のスラリーを乾燥炉にて乾燥させて、負極層を形成した。
比較例1では、上記のようにして作製した比較例1の電極積層体を用いたことを除き、実施例1と同様にして比較例1の三極式セルを作製した。
<電極積層体の作製>
比較例2では、次のようにして電極積層体としての第1乃至第3の一体型ユニットを作製した。
以下に説明する方法で三極式セルを作製した。
<出力性能>
作製した実施例1〜14および比較例1〜2の三極式セルについて、出力性能(レート性能)を評価した。具体的には、下記条件にて充放電試験を実施した。
作製した実施例1〜14および比較例1〜2の三極式セルについて、寿命性能(サイクル性能)を評価した。具体的には、下記条件にて充放電サイクル試験を実施した。
以下に、本願出願の当初の特許請求の範囲に記載された発明を付記する。
[1] 電解質とカルボキシルメチルセルロースナトリウム塩とを含む電解質層と、第1の活物質とカルボキシルメチルセルロースアンモニウム塩とを含み前記電解質層の一つの面に結着している第1の電極層と、第2の活物質と有機溶媒に可溶な第1の結着剤とを含み前記電解質層において前記第1の電極層が結着している面に対し裏側の面に結着している第2の電極層とを含む電極積層体を1つ以上具備する電池。
[2] 電解質とカルボキシルメチルセルロースアンモニウム塩とを含む電解質層と、第1の活物質と有機溶媒に可溶な第1の結着剤とを含み前記電解質層の一つの面に結着している第1の電極層と、第2の活物質とカルボキシルメチルセルロースナトリウム塩とを含み前記電解質層において前記第1の電極層が結着している面に対し裏側の面に結着している第2の電極層とを含む電極積層体を1つ以上具備する電池。
[3] 前記電極積層体は、前記第1の電極層及び/又は前記第2の電極層と接する集電層をさらに含み、前記集電層が導電剤と第2の結着剤とを含む[1]又は[2]に記載の電池。
[4] 前記電極積層体を加圧する電極加圧部材をさらに具備する[1]〜[3]の何れか1つに記載の電池。
[5] 前記電極積層体を収容し、前記電極加圧部材を兼用する容器をさらに具備する[4]に記載の電池。
[6] 前記電解質が無機固体電解質を含む[1]〜[5]の何れか1つに記載の電池。
[7] [1]〜[6]の何れか1つに記載の電池を具備する電池パック。
[8] 通電用の外部端子と、保護回路とをさらに含む[7]に記載の電池パック。
[9] 複数の前記電池を具備し、前記電池が直列、並列、又は直列及び並列を組み合わせて電気的に接続されている[7]又は[8]に記載の電池パック。
[10] [7]乃至[9]の何れか1つに記載の電池パックを搭載した車両。
[11] 前記電池パックは、前記車両の動力の回生エネルギーを回収するものである[10]に記載の車両。
Claims (11)
- 固体電解質を含む電解質とカルボキシルメチルセルロースナトリウム塩とを含む電解質層と、第1の活物質とカルボキシルメチルセルロースアンモニウム塩とを含み前記電解質層の一つの面に結着している第1の電極層と、第2の活物質と有機溶媒に可溶な第1の結着剤とを含み前記電解質層において前記第1の電極層が結着している面に対し裏側の面に結着している第2の電極層とを含む電極積層体を1つ以上具備する電池。
- 固体電解質を含む電解質とカルボキシルメチルセルロースアンモニウム塩とを含む電解質層と、第1の活物質と有機溶媒に可溶な第1の結着剤とを含み前記電解質層の一つの面に結着している第1の電極層と、第2の活物質とカルボキシルメチルセルロースナトリウム塩とを含み前記電解質層において前記第1の電極層が結着している面に対し裏側の面に結着している第2の電極層とを含む電極積層体を1つ以上具備する電池。
- 前記電極積層体は、前記第1の電極層及び/又は前記第2の電極層と接する集電層をさらに含み、前記集電層が導電剤と第2の結着剤とを含む請求項1又は2に記載の電池。
- 前記電極積層体を加圧する電極加圧部材をさらに具備する請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の電池。
- 前記電極積層体を収容し、前記電極加圧部材を兼用する容器をさらに具備する請求項4に記載の電池。
- 前記電解質が無機固体電解質を含む請求項1〜5の何れか1項に記載の電池。
- 請求項1〜6の何れか1項に記載の電池を具備する電池パック。
- 通電用の外部端子と、保護回路とをさらに含む請求項7に記載の電池パック。
- 複数の前記電池を具備し、前記電池が直列、並列、又は直列及び並列を組み合わせて電気的に接続されている請求項7又は8に記載の電池パック。
- 請求項7乃至9の何れか1項に記載の電池パックを搭載した車両。
- 前記電池パックは、前記車両の動力の回生エネルギーを回収するものである請求項10に記載の車両。
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JP2016053367A JP6605996B2 (ja) | 2016-03-17 | 2016-03-17 | 電池、電池パック、および車両 |
KR1020170024620A KR20170108821A (ko) | 2016-03-17 | 2017-02-24 | 전지, 전지 팩 및 차량 |
EP17158661.3A EP3220446B1 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2017-03-01 | Battery, battery pack, and vehicle |
CN201710120962.4A CN107204482B (zh) | 2016-03-17 | 2017-03-02 | 电池、电池包和车辆 |
US15/455,992 US10541442B2 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2017-03-10 | Battery, battery pack, and vehicle |
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JP6871193B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2021-05-12 | 株式会社東芝 | 二次電池、電池パック及び車両 |
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US20170271714A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
CN107204482A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
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US10541442B2 (en) | 2020-01-21 |
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