JP6550741B2 - 半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6550741B2 JP6550741B2 JP2014254931A JP2014254931A JP6550741B2 JP 6550741 B2 JP6550741 B2 JP 6550741B2 JP 2014254931 A JP2014254931 A JP 2014254931A JP 2014254931 A JP2014254931 A JP 2014254931A JP 6550741 B2 JP6550741 B2 JP 6550741B2
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- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Description
また、本発明の一観点によれば、素子構造を一方の主面にそれぞれ備える、厚さがそれぞれ30μm〜200μmであり、前記一方の主面の中央部が前記一方の主面の外周縁部よりも突出して凸状の反りがそれぞれ生じ、または、前記一方の主面の反対側の他方の主面の中央部が前記他方の主面の外周縁部よりも突出して凹状の反りがそれぞれ生じた一対の基板を用意する工程と、前記一対の基板に前記凸状の反りがそれぞれ生じている場合、前記一対の基板のそれぞれの前記他方の主面の前記外周縁部を位置合わせし、または、前記一対の基板に前記凹状の反りがそれぞれ生じている場合、前記一対の基板のそれぞれの前記他方の主面の前記中央部を位置合わせして、減圧環境下で、位置合わせした前記一対の基板の外周部に沿ってフィルムを巻き付けながら貼り付けて前記外周部同士を固着する工程と、前記外周部同士を固着した前記一対の基板を大気環境下に晒す工程と、前記一対の基板のそれぞれの前記一方の主面にめっき処理を行う工程と、を有する半導体装置の製造方法が提供される。
[第1の実施の形態]
第1の実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法について、図1を用いて説明する。
なお、図1(A)〜(C),(E),(F)は、半導体基板の側面図を、図1(D)は、図1(C)に示す半導体基板の上面図をそれぞれ示している。
まず、このような半導体基板1を一対用意して、図1(B)に示されるように、半導体基板1の裏面1b同士を重ね合せる。
図2は、第1の実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法(半導体基板がデバイス面を上にして、凹状に反った場合)を説明するための図である。
半導体基板1が、図2(A)に示されるように、凹状に反った場合について説明する。
この場合も、半導体基板1を一対用意して、図2(B)に示されるように、半導体基板1の裏面1b同士を重ね合せる。
半導体基板1が凹状に反った場合でも、図1に示した凸状に反った場合と同様に、半導体基板1の外周部同士が外周部に沿って固着されることで、図1(E)に示されるように、半導体基板1に生じた反りの発生が抑制されて、一対の半導体基板1の平坦度が向上する。
このように、素子構造2をおもて面1a側にそれぞれ備える一対の半導体基板1を用意する。当該半導体基板1の裏面1b同士を重ね合せ、重ね合せた半導体基板1の外周部に沿って、当該外周部同士を固着する。これにより、半導体基板1は、表面の反りが抑制されて、平坦度が向上する。また、一対の半導体基板1には、素子構造2が各おもて面1aにそれぞれ形成されているため、めっきの析出量は、各おもて面1aともに同量である。したがって、このような半導体基板1に対してめっき処理を行うと、おもて面1aに対するめっき液の流れが悪化することなくめっき処理を行うことができる。さらには、それぞれのおもて面1aに形成されるめっき層3の膜厚分布が向上する。また、一対の半導体基板1は裏面1b同士が重ね合されている。このため、2枚の半導体基板1のおもて面1aにめっき層3を同時に形成することができ、裏面1b側へのめっき液の回り込みを防止することができる。また、一対の半導体基板1の外周部に沿って当該外周部に固着部材4が貼り付けられている。このため、重ね合せた一対の半導体基板1の間からめっき液の浸入が防止される。したがって、めっき層3を半導体基板1に適切かつ低コストで形成できるようになり、また、半導体装置の生産性が向上する。
第2の実施の形態の半導体装置について、図3を用いて説明する。
図3は、第2の実施の形態の半導体装置を示す図である。
半導体装置1000は、FS型IGBTである。半導体装置1000は、図3(B)に示されるように、半導体基板1010と、半導体基板1010のおもて面側に形成された素子構造1020とを備える。さらに、半導体装置1000の裏面側にはNバッファ層1030と、P+コレクタ層1040と、コレクタ電極層1050とを備える。半導体基板1010の素子構造1020上には、ニッケルめっき層1060と、金めっき層1070とを備える。
N+エミッタ領域1022a,1022bは、P+ベース領域1021に対して、高濃度のN型のイオン(例えば、リン)が注入され、N型領域が導入されている。
ゲート電極層1024a,1024bは、ゲート酸化層1023a,1023b上に形成されており、例えば、アルミニウムを主成分とする金属層より構成されている。
エミッタ電極層1026は、例えば、アルミニウムを主成分とする金属層で形成されている。エミッタ電極層1026を構成するアルミニウム合金の一例として、アルミニウムシリコンが用いられる。アルミニウムシリコンは、シリコンの含有率が0.5wt%以上、2wt%以下、好ましくは1wt%以下とする。また、エミッタ電極層1026がアルミニウムシリコンの場合には、エミッタ電極層1026と半導体基板1010との密着性が向上し、半導体基板1010に伸びるアルミニウムスパイクの発生を抑制することができる。アルミニウムシリコンのエミッタ電極層1026は、例えば、蒸着法またはスパッタ法により形成される。
図4は、第2の実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。
なお、図5(A)〜(E)は、半導体基板の側面図をそれぞれ示している。また、図5では、素子構造1020の具体的な構成についてはその記載を省略している。
[ステップS100] 図5(A)に示されるように、例えば、6インチの半導体基板1010に素子構造1020を形成する。具体的には、半導体基板1010のおもて面側の所定領域に、N型、P型のイオンをそれぞれ注入して、P+ベース領域1021と、N+エミッタ領域1022a,1022bとを形成する。さらに、半導体基板1010に対して所定の材料により成膜等を行って、ゲート酸化層1023a,1023bと、ゲート電極層1024a,1024bと、層間絶縁層1025a,1025bと、エミッタ電極層1026とを形成する。このようにして、半導体基板1010に素子構造1020を形成する。
[ステップS500] P+コレクタ層1040の表面に、アルミニウム、チタン、ニッケル、金の金属層をそれぞれ順に蒸着法またはスパッタ法により積層して、図5(C)に示されるように、コレクタ電極層1050が形成される。
なお、ステップS600の詳細については後述する。
なお、この後は分離した半導体基板1010をダイシングにより個片化して、半導体装置1000が得られる。
図6は、第2の実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法で実行される半導体基板貼り合せ・めっき処理工程を示すフローチャートである。
なお、図7(A),(D)は、半導体基板の側面図を、図7(B)は、重ね合せた半導体基板の上面図を、図7(C)は、図7(B)の一点鎖線X−Xによる断面図をそれぞれ示している。
[ステップS602] 図7(B),(C)に示されるように、オリエンテーションフラットが一致するように一対の半導体基板1010を重ね合せる。さらに、一対の半導体基板1010の外周部を当該外周部に沿って粘着層が付されたフィルム1100を貼り付けて、一対の半導体基板1010の外周部同士を固着させる。この際、半導体基板1010のおもて面を保護するために、一対の半導体基板1010のおもて面側に保護層を設けてもよい。そして、この保護膜は、後述するめっき処理(ステップS603)前に剥離する。
また、一対の半導体基板1010をチャックステージ等に固定させて回転させながら、半導体基板1010の外周部にフィルム1100を巻きつけながら貼り付ける。フィルム1100を貼り付ける際には、半導体基板1010の1回転分、フィルム1100を貼り付けて、さらに、1〜10cm程度余分に重ねて貼り付けておく。フィルム1100の剥離の際には、この余分部分のフィルム1100を引っ張ることでフィルム1100を容易に剥離することが可能となる。
半導体基板1010は、ステップS602で、その表面が平坦化されている。このため、半導体基板1010に無電解めっき法によるめっき処理が行われると、図7(D)に示されるように、ニッケルめっき層1060と金めっき層1070とを半導体基板1のおもて面側のエミッタ電極層1026上に順次析出させることが可能となる。ニッケルめっき層1060の膜厚は、例えば、5μm程度、金めっき層1070の膜厚は、例えば、0.03μm程度である。なお、めっき処理は前処理を行ってもよい。この前処理はさらにシンケート処理を行ってもよい。
このように、素子構造1020をおもて面側にそれぞれ備える一対の半導体基板1010を用意する。当該半導体基板1010の裏面同士を重ね合せ、重ね合せた半導体基板1010の外周部に沿って、当該外周部同士をフィルム1100で固着する。これにより、半導体基板1010は、表面の反りの発生が抑制されて、平坦度が向上する。したがって、このような半導体基板1010に対してめっき処理を行うと、おもて面に対するめっき液の流れが悪化することなくめっき処理を行うことができる。そして、めっき液中の析出イオンの濃度が均一になり、おもて面に形成されるめっき層(ニッケルめっき層1060、金めっき層1070)の膜厚分布が向上する。また、一対の半導体基板1010は裏面同士が重ね合されている。このため、2枚の半導体基板1010のおもて面にめっき層(ニッケルめっき層1060、金めっき層1070)を同時に形成することができ、裏面側へのめっき液の回り込みを防止することができる。また、一対の半導体基板1010の外周部に沿って当該外周部にフィルム1100が貼り付けられている。このため、重ね合せた一対の半導体基板1010の間からめっき液の浸入が防止される。したがって、めっき層(ニッケルめっき層1060、金めっき層1070)を半導体基板1010に適切かつ低コストで形成できるようになり、また、半導体装置1000の生産性が向上する。
電解めっき法は、めっき液との間で電流を流すための電極が接触している部分にめっき層が形成される。コレクタ電極層1050の形成後に、おもて面側に電解めっき法を行うための電極として、半導体基板1010のおもて面側にスパッタ法等でUBM(Under Barrier Metal)層(図示を省略)を形成する。UBM層としては、チタン、ニッケル、クロム、銅等が用いられる。
次いで、おもて面のレジストを剥離し、めっき層以外のUBM層をエッチングで除去する。
また、第2の実施の形態では、エミッタ電極層1026上に、めっき層としてニッケルめっき層1060及び金めっき層1070を積層する場合を例に挙げて説明した。めっき層は、これらの層に限らない。例えば、無電解ニッケル−リン合金めっき、置換金めっき、無電解金めっき、無電解ニッケル−パラジウム−リン合金めっき、無電解ニッケル−ホウ素合金めっき、無電解ニッケル−リン−PTFE(フッ素樹脂)複合めっき、無電解ニッケル−ホウ素−黒鉛複合めっき、無電解銅めっき、無電解銀めっき、無電解パラジウムめっき、無電解白金めっき、無電解ロジウムめっき、無電解ルテニウムめっき、無電解コバルトめっき、無電解コバルト−ニッケル合金めっき、無電解コバルト−ニッケル−リン合金めっき、無電解コバルト−タングステン−リン合金めっき、無電解コバルト−スズ−リン合金めっき、無電解コバルト−亜鉛−リン合金めっき、無電解コバルト−マンガン−リン合金めっき、無電解スズめっき、無電解はんだめっきにも適用可能である。
第3の実施の形態では、第2の実施の形態とは異なる半導体基板1010の貼り合せ・めっき処理を行う場合を例に挙げて説明する。
一方、第3の実施の形態では、図4のフローチャートのステップS600では図8及び図9に示す別の処理が実行される。
図9は、第3の実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法で実行される半導体基板貼り合せ・めっき処理工程を示す図である。
図4のステップS500で半導体基板1010にコレクタ電極層1050が形成されると以下の処理が実行される。
なお、一対の半導体基板1010は、先に位置合せした後で、チャンバー内に格納しても構わない。
減圧した状態で、図9(B)に示されるように、一対の半導体基板1010を重ね合せて、それらの外周部を当該外周部に沿ってフィルム1100を貼り付ける。これにより、一対の半導体基板1010の外周間を固着させる。なお、この場合のフィルム1100は、例えば、厚さが20μmのポリカーボネート基材により構成されている。この際、一対の半導体基板1010が平坦化される。さらに、フィルム1100が貼り付けられた一対の半導体基板1010の裏面間の空間(内部空間)が密閉される。
[ステップS615] 一対の半導体基板1010からフィルム1100を剥離する。この際、半導体基板1010のデバイス構造面に損傷を与えないようにして剥離する。
なお、図8のフローチャートのステップS614(めっき処理)では、めっき用ケースに、重ね合せた一対の半導体基板1010を50枚入れてバッチ処理を行った。この場合の半導体基板1010のおもて面に形成されためっき層の膜厚分布は、50枚の平均で5%の膜厚分布であった。なお、第2の実施の形態の場合の膜厚分布は6%であった。
一例としてサポートプレートとしてガラス支持体が半導体基板1010の裏面に貼られた半導体基板1010の場合について説明する。
このように、素子構造1020をおもて面側にそれぞれ備える一対の半導体基板1010を用意する。減圧環境下で当該半導体基板1010の裏面同士を重ね合せ、重ね合せた半導体基板1010の外周部に沿って、当該外周部同士をフィルム1100で固着する。これにより、半導体基板1010は、表面の反りの発生が抑制されて、平坦度が向上する。さらに、フィルム1100が外周部に貼り付けられた一対の半導体基板1010を大気環境下に移動させるようにした。これにより、半導体基板1010は大気圧により押圧されて、半導体基板1010の裏面の間の内部空間の空気を減少させることができるようになる。さらに、大気圧により押圧されることで半導体基板1010の平坦度がさらに向上するようになる。
第4の実施の形態では、第2,第3の実施の形態において、半導体基板1010とは異なる半導体基板を用いた場合を例に挙げて、図10を用いて説明する。
なお、図10(A)〜(C)は、半導体基板2010の側面図をそれぞれ示している。
半導体基板2010でも、図4のステップS600については図6及び図8のフローチャートの処理を適用することができる。
第5の実施の形態では、第2の実施の形態において半導体基板の重ね合せに専用の押圧治具を用いる場合について説明する。
一方、第5の実施の形態では、図4のフローチャートのステップS600では図11及び図12に示す別の処理が実行される。
図12は、第5の実施の形態の半導体装置の製造方法で実行される半導体基板貼り合せ・めっき処理工程を示す図である。
図4のステップS500で半導体基板1010にコレクタ電極層1050が形成されると以下の処理が実行される。
[ステップS622] 位置合せした一対の半導体基板1010を重ね合せて、図12(B)に示されるように、重ね合せた一対の半導体基板1010を押圧治具3000により押圧する。
なお、押圧治具3000は、支持部3100と、支持部3100に設けられた押圧部3200a,3200bとを備えている。特に、押圧部3200a,3200bの接触面は、例えば、テフロン(登録商標)材で構成されている。このため、押圧部3200a,3200bから押圧された半導体基板1010にデバイス面に対する損傷が抑制される。なお、図12では、押圧部3200a,3200bは2つのみ記載しているが、支持部3100には、半導体基板1010のおもて面のサイズに応じて複数の押圧部が配置されている。
なお、この場合でも無電解めっき法に限らず、第2の実施の形態と同様に電解めっき法によりめっき処理を行うことも可能である。
このように、素子構造1020をおもて面側にそれぞれ備える一対の半導体基板1010を用意する。当該半導体基板1010の裏面同士を重ね合せ、重ね合せた半導体基板1010を押圧治具3000により押圧する。これにより、半導体基板1010が平坦化し、半導体基板1010の裏面の間の内部空間に存在する空気を排出した。このようにして平坦化された半導体基板1010の外周部に沿って、当該外周部同士をフィルム1100で固着する。これにより、半導体基板1010の表面がさらに平坦に矯正される。さらに、半導体基板1010の裏面の間の内部空間の空気を減少させることができるようになる。
第6の実施の形態では、第5の実施の形態において、第4の実施の形態の半導体基板2010(図10(A))を用いた場合を例に挙げて、図13を用いて説明する。
なお、図13(A),(B)は、押圧治具3000に押圧される一対の半導体基板2010の側面図をそれぞれ示している。
このような半導体基板2010でも、第5の実施の形態と同様に、図4のフローチャートに沿って半導体装置1000が形成される。但し、第6の実施の形態では、図4のステップS600については図11のフローチャートの処理を適用することができる。
次いで、ステップS623の処理で実行されるように、押圧治具3000により押圧された半導体基板2010の外周部に、当該外周部に沿って粘着層が付されたフィルム1100を貼り付けることができる(図13(B))。
1a おもて面
1b 裏面
2 素子構造
3 めっき層
4 固着部材
Claims (8)
- 素子構造を一方の主面にそれぞれ備える、厚さがそれぞれ30μm〜200μmであり、前記一方の主面の中央部が前記一方の主面の外周縁部よりも突出して凸状の反りがそれぞれ生じ、または、前記一方の主面の反対側の他方の主面の中央部が前記他方の主面の外周縁部よりも突出して凹状の反りがそれぞれ生じた一対の基板を用意する工程と、
前記一対の基板に前記凸状の反りがそれぞれ生じている場合、前記一対の基板のそれぞれの前記他方の主面の前記外周縁部を位置合わせし、または、前記一対の基板に前記凹状の反りがそれぞれ生じている場合、前記一対の基板のそれぞれの前記他方の主面の前記中央部を位置合わせして、位置合わせした前記一対の基板のそれぞれの前記一方の主面を、接触面がテフロンにより構成される押圧部により押圧して重ね合わせて前記一対の基板を平坦化し、前記一対の基板の外周部に沿ってフィルムを巻き付けながら貼り付けて前記外周部同士を固着する工程と、
前記一対の基板のそれぞれの前記一方の主面にめっき処理を行う工程と、
を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記外周部の一部にオリエンテーションフラットがそれぞれ形成されており、
前記オリエンテーションフラットが一致するように前記一対の基板を位置合わせして、重ね合わせる、
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記めっき処理により、複数の金属層を積層させる、
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記めっき処理は、無電解めっきまたは電解めっきである、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 素子構造を一方の主面にそれぞれ備える、厚さがそれぞれ30μm〜200μmであり、前記一方の主面の中央部が前記一方の主面の外周縁部よりも突出して凸状の反りがそれぞれ生じ、または、前記一方の主面の反対側の他方の主面の中央部が前記他方の主面の外周縁部よりも突出して凹状の反りがそれぞれ生じた一対の基板を用意する工程と、
前記一対の基板に前記凸状の反りがそれぞれ生じている場合、前記一対の基板のそれぞれの前記他方の主面の前記外周縁部を位置合わせし、または、前記一対の基板に前記凹状の反りがそれぞれ生じている場合、前記一対の基板のそれぞれの前記他方の主面の前記中央部を位置合わせして、減圧環境下で、位置合わせした前記一対の基板の外周部に沿ってフィルムを巻き付けながら貼り付けて前記外周部同士を固着する工程と、
前記外周部同士を固着した前記一対の基板を大気環境下に晒す工程と、
前記一対の基板のそれぞれの前記一方の主面にめっき処理を行う工程と、
を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記一対の基板は前記他方の主面の外周端部を残して前記中央部が研削されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記フィルムの耐熱温度は100℃以上である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1または5に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記フィルムを、重ね合わせた前記一対の基板の前記外周部に沿って、さらに、所定量を余分に重ねて貼り付ける、
ことを特徴とする請求項1、5または7に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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