JP6492867B2 - 画像形成装置及び画像形成システム - Google Patents
画像形成装置及び画像形成システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6492867B2 JP6492867B2 JP2015067397A JP2015067397A JP6492867B2 JP 6492867 B2 JP6492867 B2 JP 6492867B2 JP 2015067397 A JP2015067397 A JP 2015067397A JP 2015067397 A JP2015067397 A JP 2015067397A JP 6492867 B2 JP6492867 B2 JP 6492867B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- image forming
- fixing
- recording paper
- image
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 70
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 38
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006015 heat resistant resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920011301 perfluoro alkoxyl alkane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013653 perfluoroalkoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
- G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
- G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
- G03G15/2017—Structural details of the fixing unit in general, e.g. cooling means, heat shielding means
- G03G15/2028—Structural details of the fixing unit in general, e.g. cooling means, heat shielding means with means for handling the copy material in the fixing nip, e.g. introduction guides, stripping means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
- G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
- G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
- G03G15/2039—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat with means for controlling the fixing temperature
- G03G15/205—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat with means for controlling the fixing temperature specially for the mode of operation, e.g. standby, warming-up, error
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
- G03G15/23—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 specially adapted for copying both sides of an original or for copying on both sides of a recording or image-receiving material
- G03G15/231—Arrangements for copying on both sides of a recording or image-receiving material
- G03G15/232—Arrangements for copying on both sides of a recording or image-receiving material using a single reusable electrographic recording member
- G03G15/234—Arrangements for copying on both sides of a recording or image-receiving material using a single reusable electrographic recording member by inverting and refeeding the image receiving material with an image on one face to the recording member to transfer a second image on its second face, e.g. by using a duplex tray; Details of duplex trays or inverters
- G03G15/235—Arrangements for copying on both sides of a recording or image-receiving material using a single reusable electrographic recording member by inverting and refeeding the image receiving material with an image on one face to the recording member to transfer a second image on its second face, e.g. by using a duplex tray; Details of duplex trays or inverters the image receiving member being preconditioned before transferring the second image, e.g. decurled, or the second image being formed with different operating parameters, e.g. a different fixing temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
- G03G2215/00535—Stable handling of copy medium
- G03G2215/00556—Control of copy medium feeding
- G03G2215/00586—Control of copy medium feeding duplex mode
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
- G03G2215/00789—Adding properties or qualities to the copy medium
- G03G2215/00822—Binder, e.g. glueing device
- G03G2215/00827—Stapler
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
- G03G2215/00789—Adding properties or qualities to the copy medium
- G03G2215/00822—Binder, e.g. glueing device
- G03G2215/00831—Stitcher
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
- G03G2215/00789—Adding properties or qualities to the copy medium
- G03G2215/00877—Folding device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/01—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes for producing multicoloured copies
- G03G2215/0103—Plural electrographic recording members
- G03G2215/0119—Linear arrangement adjacent plural transfer points
- G03G2215/0122—Linear arrangement adjacent plural transfer points primary transfer to an intermediate transfer belt
- G03G2215/0125—Linear arrangement adjacent plural transfer points primary transfer to an intermediate transfer belt the linear arrangement being horizontal or slanted
- G03G2215/0132—Linear arrangement adjacent plural transfer points primary transfer to an intermediate transfer belt the linear arrangement being horizontal or slanted vertical medium transport path at the secondary transfer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/20—Details of the fixing device or porcess
- G03G2215/2003—Structural features of the fixing device
- G03G2215/2016—Heating belt
- G03G2215/2035—Heating belt the fixing nip having a stationary belt support member opposing a pressure member
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/20—Details of the fixing device or porcess
- G03G2215/207—Type of toner image to be fixed
- G03G2215/2083—Type of toner image to be fixed duplex
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Counters In Electrophotography And Two-Sided Copying (AREA)
- Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
電磁誘導加熱手段を有する定着手段であって、前記トナー像形成手段により前記記録媒体上に形成されたトナー像を加熱して定着する定着手段と、
前記定着手段によりトナー像が定着された記録媒体を湾曲した第1の搬送路を介して排出する排出手段と、
前記定着手段によりトナー像が定着された記録媒体の表裏を反転し、前記第1の搬送路と逆方向に湾曲した第2の搬送路を介して前記トナー像形成手段へ搬送する両面用搬送手段と、
前記定着手段によりトナー像が定着された記録媒体に対して後処理が指定されたとき、前記記録媒体の排出経路を前記両面用搬送手段及び前記定着手段を経由した排出経路に切り替えるとともに、前記記録媒体を前記定着手段に再度通過させるときに前記定着手段を前記トナー像の定着時よりも低い温度又は加熱停止に切り替える切替手段と、
を備えた画像形成装置である。
前記画像形成装置により画像が形成された前記記録媒体に後処理を施す後処理装置と、
を備えた画像形成システムである。
また、請求項1に記載された発明によれば、電磁誘導加熱手段を有する定着手段を採用しない場合に比較して、記録媒体の裏面通過時の温度を通常の画像形成時よりも低い温度に切り替えた場合であっても、次の記録媒体の表面の画像定着時に定着手段の加熱温度を所要の定着温度に加熱することができる。
図1はこの発明の実施の形態1に係る画像形成装置を適用した画像形成システムの全体の概要を示す構成図である。
画像形成システム100は、図1に示されるように、記録媒体の一例としての記録用紙5に画像を形成する画像形成装置1と、画像形成装置1によって画像が形成された記録用紙5に他の用紙を合流する合紙処理や折り処理、穿孔処理、あるいは綴じ処理等の後処理を施す後処理装置2を備えている。後処理装置2は、表紙や裏表紙、あるいはインデックス用紙等を供給するインターポーザーと呼ばれる用紙供給装置7や、記録用紙5に対して2つ折り、C折りと呼ばれる内3つ折り、Z折りと呼ばれる外3つ折り、あるいは4つ折りなどの折り処理を施す折り装置8と、穿孔処理や綴じ処理、あるいは折り処理等の後処理を施すフィニッシャー9を有している。
図3は上記の如く構成される画像出力装置4に使用される定着装置40を示す断面構成図である。
以下、画像形成装置1による基本的な画像形成動作について説明する。
図1は後処理装置を示す概略構成図である。
次に、画像形成装置1及び後処理装置2の動作について説明する。
図13はこの発明の実施の形態2に係る画像形成装置の動作を示す説明図である。
2…後処理装置
5…記録用紙
40…定着装置
41…定着ベルト
42…加圧ロール
63…切替ゲート
64…両面用搬送装置
102…MCU
Claims (3)
- 記録媒体にトナー像を形成するトナー像形成手段と、
電磁誘導加熱手段を有する定着手段であって、前記トナー像形成手段により前記記録媒体上に形成されたトナー像を加熱して定着する定着手段と、
前記定着手段によりトナー像が定着された記録媒体を湾曲した第1の搬送路を介して排出する排出手段と、
前記定着手段によりトナー像が定着された記録媒体の表裏を反転し、前記第1の搬送路と逆方向に湾曲した第2の搬送路を介して前記トナー像形成手段へ搬送する両面用搬送手段と、
前記定着手段によりトナー像が定着された記録媒体に対して後処理が指定されたとき、前記記録媒体の排出経路を前記両面用搬送手段及び前記定着手段を経由した排出経路に切り替えるとともに、前記記録媒体を前記定着手段に再度通過させるときに前記定着手段を前記トナー像の定着時よりも低い温度又は加熱停止に切り替える切替手段と、
を備えた画像形成装置。 - 前記記録媒体に対する後処理が、前記記録媒体の画像面を内側にして3つに折る3つ折り処理である請求項1に記載の画像形成装置。
- 請求項1又は2に記載された画像形成装置と、
前記画像形成装置により画像が形成された前記記録媒体に後処理を施す後処理装置と、
を備えた画像形成システム。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015067397A JP6492867B2 (ja) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | 画像形成装置及び画像形成システム |
US14/796,032 US9459574B1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-10 | Image forming apparatus and image forming system for correcting curvature of a recording sheet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015067397A JP6492867B2 (ja) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | 画像形成装置及び画像形成システム |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2016186607A JP2016186607A (ja) | 2016-10-27 |
JP6492867B2 true JP6492867B2 (ja) | 2019-04-03 |
Family
ID=56975311
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015067397A Active JP6492867B2 (ja) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | 画像形成装置及び画像形成システム |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9459574B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6492867B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10023424B2 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2018-07-17 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Sheet processing apparatus and image forming system |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3614312B2 (ja) | 1998-11-20 | 2005-01-26 | 株式会社リコー | 画像形成装置 |
US6619657B2 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2003-09-16 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Curl correction device, and image forming apparatus having the curl correction device |
US6895197B2 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2005-05-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method and apparatus for forming an image |
JP2004284742A (ja) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-10-14 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | シート折り装置、シート処理装置及び画像形成装置 |
JP2004294855A (ja) | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-21 | Canon Inc | 画像形成装置 |
JP2005255386A (ja) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-22 | Brother Ind Ltd | 画像形成装置 |
JP4541933B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-22 | 2010-09-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
JP2006154341A (ja) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-15 | Kyocera Mita Corp | 画像形成装置およびその定着温度制御方法 |
JP2009166993A (ja) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-30 | Seiko Epson Corp | 転写材のカール矯正方法および画像形成装置 |
JP2013033156A (ja) * | 2011-08-02 | 2013-02-14 | Sharp Corp | 画像形成装置及びカール除去装置 |
-
2015
- 2015-03-27 JP JP2015067397A patent/JP6492867B2/ja active Active
- 2015-07-10 US US14/796,032 patent/US9459574B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2016186607A (ja) | 2016-10-27 |
US9459574B1 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
US20160282779A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9891560B2 (en) | Image forming system | |
JP5696529B2 (ja) | 定着装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP4968867B2 (ja) | 画像形成装置 | |
JP2010250054A (ja) | 搬送ガイド部材及び画像形成装置 | |
JP2009134080A (ja) | 定着装置及び画像形成装置 | |
US20180290848A1 (en) | Image forming apparatus | |
JP4839110B2 (ja) | 転写装置、転写定着装置、画像形成装置、転写方法、転写定着方法、および画像形成方法 | |
JP6492867B2 (ja) | 画像形成装置及び画像形成システム | |
EP3989006A1 (en) | Fixing device and image-forming apparatus | |
JP2012150158A (ja) | 画像形成システム、後処理装置 | |
US9278825B2 (en) | Post-processing device | |
JP5328741B2 (ja) | 画像形成装置 | |
JP5094570B2 (ja) | シート搬送装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP6693156B2 (ja) | 画像形成装置 | |
JP2016161702A (ja) | 画像形成システム | |
JP6551144B2 (ja) | 定着装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP2020122916A (ja) | 定着装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP2019207382A (ja) | 画像形成装置 | |
JP6520302B2 (ja) | 後処理装置 | |
JP2005179068A (ja) | 支持体のスキュー除去システムと除去方法 | |
JP2018036559A (ja) | 定着装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP2011105426A (ja) | 後処理装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP4821133B2 (ja) | 画像形成装置 | |
JP4333994B2 (ja) | 記録材処理装置及び画像形成装置 | |
US9469144B2 (en) | Post-processing device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20180228 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20181114 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20181120 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20190110 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20190205 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20190218 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6492867 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
S533 | Written request for registration of change of name |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313533 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |