JP6378893B2 - 正極、それを含むリチウム空気電池、及び正極の製造方法 - Google Patents
正極、それを含むリチウム空気電池、及び正極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6378893B2 JP6378893B2 JP2014030268A JP2014030268A JP6378893B2 JP 6378893 B2 JP6378893 B2 JP 6378893B2 JP 2014030268 A JP2014030268 A JP 2014030268A JP 2014030268 A JP2014030268 A JP 2014030268A JP 6378893 B2 JP6378893 B2 JP 6378893B2
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- positive electrode
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- lyophobic
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- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical class C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N R-mevalonolactone, (-)- Chemical compound C[C@@]1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- URZWHNFFWSYUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-B aluminum lithium silicon(4+) titanium(4+) tetraphosphate Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Si+4].[Ti+4].[Al+3].[Li+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-] URZWHNFFWSYUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001422 barium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NCMHKCKGHRPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium(1+) Chemical compound [Cs+] NCMHKCKGHRPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Co+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010294 electrolyte impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057061 mevalonolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCO1 GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001419 rubidium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001427 strontium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWYYWQHXAPXYMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium(2+) Chemical compound [Sr+2] PWYYWQHXAPXYMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/8668—Binders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8846—Impregnation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Description
実施例1
気孔サイズが8nmである多孔性シリカ(porous silica、SiO2、エスケムテック、韓国)1gを、ヘキサメチルアセトン4mlに、フルオロオクチルトリメトキシシラン(CF3(CF2)5CH2CH2Si(OCH3)3)1mlが添加された溶液に投入し、混合しながら15分間含浸させる。
フルオロオクチルトリメトキシシランの含量を、0.75mlに変更したことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で複合材料を製造した。
フルオロオクチルトリメトキシシランの含量を、0.5mlに変更したことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で複合材料を製造した。
気孔サイズが8nmである多孔性シリカ(SiO2、エスケムテック、韓国)をそのまま使用した。
シラン系化合物が含浸された多孔性シリカを、密閉された空間で、60℃で6時間乾燥させ、疎液性コーティング層をシリカの気孔上に形成させる段階を省略したことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で複合材料を製造した。
気孔サイズが2.8nmである多孔性シリカ(SiO2)を下記のように製造して使用した。
比較例3で製造した気孔サイズが2.8nmである多孔性シリカを使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で複合材料を製造した。
実施例4
1gのPt/C触媒(28.4重量% Pt/Vulcan electrocatalyst、TEC 10V30E、TKK、日本)、及び実施例1で製造された複合材料粉末とを、正極の総重量に対する比率として、2.5重量%になるように、250mlのポリプロピレン(PP)瓶に投入し、ここに、アセトン50mgを投入して5分間撹拌した。次に、前記溶液を15分間超音波処理した(sonication)。次に、前記溶液に蒸溜水180gを投入し、5分間撹拌した後、8,000rpmで5分間遠心分離させた。前記遠心分離された溶液の入ったポリプロピレン瓶を、液体窒素が入っている容器に投入し、前記溶液を冷却させた。前記冷却された溶液を4日間凍結乾燥させた(freezedried)。前記結果物をドライルーム(dryroom)に放置して乾燥粉末を得た。
実施例1で製造された複合材料粉末を正極総重量を基準として、5.0重量%になるように添加したことを除いては、実施例4と同一の方法で正極を製造した。
実施例1で製造された複合材料粉末を正極総重量を基準として、8.0重量%になるように添加したことを除いては、実施例4と同一の方法で正極を製造した。
比較例1ないし3で製造された材料をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、実施例4と同一の方法で正極を製造した。
比較例4で製造された複合材料粉末を正極総重量を基準として、5.0重量%になるように添加したことを除いては、実施例4と同一の方法で正極を製造した。
実施例7
リチウム金属薄膜負極上に、セパレータを配置した。
実施例5,6で製造された正極を使用したことを除いては、実施例7と同一の方法でリチウム空気電池を製造した。
比較例5ないし8で製造された正極を使用したことを除いては、実施例7と同一の方法でリチウム空気電池を使用した。
実施例1ないし3、及び比較例1ないし4で製造された材料を、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(TEGDME)に、1Mリチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(LiTFSI)が溶解された電解液に含浸させた後、色相の変化を観察した。
実施例1ないし3、及び比較例1ないし4で製造された材料に対して、BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)及びBJH(Barrett-Joyner-Halenda)法を使用し、BET比表面積及び気孔サイズ分布(4V/A by BET)をそれぞれ測定した。微細気孔(micropores)と、外部表面積(external surface area)の評価は、t−plot法で、遂行された。評価結果の一部を下記表1に示した。
60℃、1atm、酸素雰囲気で、実施例7ないし9、並びに及び比較例9及び12で製造されたリチウム空気電池を、1mA/cm2の定電流で2.0V(Li対比)まで放電させた後、同一の電流で4.2Vまで充電させる充放電サイクルを遂行した。最初のサイクルでの充放電試験結果の一部を下、記表2及び図3に示した。
12 ・・・第2集電体
13 ・・・負極
14 ・・・第1集電体
15 ・・・正極
16,21 ・・・セパレータ
22 ・・・固体電解質膜
23 ・・・ポーチ
Claims (25)
- 複数の疎液性ナノ気孔を含む有機無機複合材料と、
バインダとを含み、
前記有機無機複合材料が、
無機材料を含む多孔性材料と、
前記多孔性材料上に形成された有機材料を含む疎液性コーティング層とを含み、
前記複合材料が、粒子状である、
酸素を正極活物質として使用する正極。 - 前記複合材料が、規則的な複数の気孔を有する多孔性材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極。
- 前記複合材料が、周期的な気孔構造を有し、疎液性コーティング層が、90°を超える接触角を有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の正極。
- 前記複合材料の気孔が、3nmから50nmまでの範囲内の大きさを有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のうちのいずれか一項に記載の正極。
- 前記複合材料の気孔が、3nmから15nmまでの範囲内の大きさを有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のうちのいずれか一項に記載の正極。
- 前記複合材料が、
多孔性金属酸化物と、
前記多孔性金属酸化物の気孔上の少なくとも一部に形成された疎液性コーティング層と、を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極。 - 前記多孔性金属酸化物が、元素周期律表の2族から15族までに属する複数の元素からなる群の中から選択された一つ以上の元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の正極。
- 前記多孔性金属酸化物が、Mg、Al、Si、P、Ca、Ti、V、Ga、Ge、Sr、Zr、Nb、Mo、In、Sn、Hf、Ta及びWからなる群の中から選択された一つ以上の元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の正極。
- 前記疎液性コーティング層が、前記多孔性金属酸化物と化学結合を形成することを特徴とする請求項7ないし8のうちのいずれか一項に記載の正極。
- 前記疎液性コーティング層が、前記気孔の表面と結合する有機化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項7ないし9のうちのいずれか一項に記載の正極。
- 前記疎液性コーティング層が、F、Cl、Br及びIからなる群の中から選択された一つ以上の元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項6ないし10のうちのいずれか一項に記載の正極。
- 前記疎液性コーティング層が、シリコン原子を含むことを特徴とする請求項6ないし11のうちのいずれか一項に記載の正極。
- 前記疎液性コーティング層の厚みが、0.1nmから20nmまでの範囲内となっていることを特徴とする請求項6ないし12のうちのいずれか一項に記載の正極。
- 前記複合材料の含有量が、前記正極の総重量に対する比率として、1重量%から20重量%までの範囲内となっていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし13のうちのいずれか一項に記載の正極。
- リチウムを吸蔵したり放出したりすることができる負極と、
請求項1ないし14のうちのいずれか一項に記載の正極と、
前記負極と前記正極との間に充填される電解質と、を含むリチウム空気電池。 - 無機材料を含み、且つ複数のナノ気孔を有する多孔性材料に反応性化合物を含浸させる段階と、
前記反応性化合物が、前記多孔性材料の気孔表面に化学的に結合し、有機材料を含む疎液性コーティング層を形成する段階と、を含む、複数のナノ気孔を有する正極の製造方法。 - 前記疎液性コーティング層を形成する段階が、40℃以上の温度で遂行されることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の製造方法。
- 前記疎液性コーティング層を形成する段階が、40℃から80℃までの範囲内の温度で遂行されることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の製造方法。
- 疎液性コーティング層を形成する段階が、密閉された空間で遂行されることを特徴とする請求項16ないし18のうちのいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記反応性化合物が、非水系溶媒に溶解された状態であることを特徴とする請求項16ないし19のうちのいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 疎液性コーティング層を形成する段階の後に、10℃から150℃までの範囲内の温度で乾燥させる段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項16ないし20のうちのいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記反応性化合物が、金属酸化物の気孔表面と結合する反応性作用基を含むことを特徴とする請求項16ないし21のうちのいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記反応性作用基が、ヒドロキシ基(HO−)、チオール基(SH−)、アルコキシ基(RO−)、チオアルキル基(RS−)、ハロゲン基(X−)、アルデヒド基(CHO−)、カルボン酸基(−COOH)、及びカルボキシレート基(−COO−)からなる群の中から選択された一つ以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項22に記載の製造方法。
- 前記反応性化合物が、少なくとも一部がフッ化された化合物であることを特徴とする請求項16ないし23のうちのいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記反応性化合物が、少なくとも一部がフッ化されたシロキサン系化合物、少なくとも一部がフッ化されたシラザン系化合物、少なくとも一部がフッ化されたアミノシラン系化合物及び少なくとも一部がフッ化されたメルカプトシラン系化合物からなる群の中から選択された一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の製造方法。
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