JP6378469B2 - 排出ガス再循環を備えた燃焼タービン発電プラントに関連する方法、システム、及び装置 - Google Patents
排出ガス再循環を備えた燃焼タービン発電プラントに関連する方法、システム、及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/34—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/16—Control of working fluid flow
Description
酸化剤圧縮機11及び燃料供給源20それぞれを介して再循環ループ10に流入する加圧酸化剤及び燃料の量にほぼ等しい排出ガスの量を再循環通気孔41を通じて放出しなければならない点は理解されるであろう。再循環ループ10に注入される酸化剤/燃料と、再循環ループ10から放出された排出ガスとの間の所望の平衡を得ることは、ループ10に流入する酸化剤及び燃料の量と流出する排出ガスの量とを記録するセンサ、並びに再循環ループ10内の温度センサ、バルブセンサ、圧力センサ、及び他の従来の手段及びシステムを介して実施することができる点は理解されるであろう。
9 発電プラント
10 再循環ループ
11 酸化剤圧縮機
12 再循環圧縮機
14 シャフト
16 ブースター圧縮機
18 発電機
20 燃料供給源
22 上流側燃焼器
24 下流側燃焼器
30 高圧タービン
32 低圧タービン
39 熱回収蒸気発生器
40 再循環導管
41 再循環通気孔
44 冷却器
46 ブロア
51 抽出ポイント
52 第1の酸化剤導管
54 酸化剤バルブ(第1の酸化剤導管52の)
56 通気バルブ
58 上流側燃焼器燃料バルブ
59 下流側燃焼器燃料バルブ
61 抽出バルブ
62 抽出供給ガス
63 タービンバイパス導管
64 過剰酸化剤を検出するセンサ
65 制御ユニット
67 第2の酸化剤導管
68 酸化剤バルブ(第2の酸化剤導管67の)
70 センサ
75 第1の抽出ポイント
76 第2の抽出ポイント
78 上流側燃焼器燃料供給源
79 下流側燃焼器燃料供給源
81 第1の酸化剤抽出位置
83 第2の酸化剤抽出位置
Claims (32)
- 作動流体及び再循環ループを含む発電プラントを制御する方法であって、
該発電プラントがタービンに動作可能に接続された燃焼器を含み、
前記再循環ループが、再循環圧縮機と、該再循環圧縮機の下流側に位置付けられた燃焼器と、前記燃焼器の下流側に位置付けられたタービンと、前記タービンからの作動流体の流出流を前記再循環圧縮機に配向するよう構成された再循環導管と、を含み、
前記方法が、
再循環ループを通って前記作動流体の少なくとも一部を再循環するステップと、
酸化剤入力にて前記燃焼器に供給される加圧酸化剤の量と、燃料入力にて前記燃焼器に供給される燃料の量とを制御することにより、前記燃焼器が好ましい理論混合比で作動するよう前記発電プラントを制御するステップであって、前記再循環ループが、前記燃焼器において生じる、酸化剤入力および燃料入力を除く全ての位置での加圧酸化剤及び燃料の入力を阻止するよう構成されている、ステップと、
前記燃焼器が前記好ましい理論混合比で作動している期間中に前記再循環ループ上に位置付けられた第1の抽出ポイント及び第2の抽出ポイントから前記作動流体を抽出するステップと、
前記第1の抽出ポイントにおける前記作動流体の特性を判定するステップと、
前記第2の抽出ポイントにおける前記作動流体の特性を判定するステップと、
前記第1の抽出ポイントにおける前記作動流体の特性及び前記第2の抽出ポイントにおける前記作動流体の特性に基づいて、前記第1の抽出ポイント及び第2の抽出ポイントの両方から前記作動流体を抽出するステップと、
目的とする下流側での適用に基づいて前記作動流体の特性の好ましい値を決定するステップと、
前記第1の抽出ポイントから抽出された前記作動流体及び前記第2の抽出ポイントから抽出された前記作動流体を制御可能に混合し、前記抽出作動流体の組み合わせ流が前記作動流体の前記特性の好ましい値を含むようにするステップと、
を含む、方法。 - 前記第1の抽出ポイントから抽出される前記作動流体の量を制御する第1の制御可能な抽出バルブを含み、前記第1の制御可能な抽出バルブが、少なくとも2つの設定、すなわち、前記作動流体の抽出を阻止する閉鎖設定及び異なるレベルの作動流体の抽出を可能にする開放設定に制御可能であり、
前記第2の抽出ポイントから抽出される前記作動流体の量を制御する第2の制御可能な抽出バルブを含み、該第2の制御可能な抽出バルブが、少なくとも2つの設定、すなわち、前記作動流体の抽出を阻止する閉鎖設定及び異なるレベルの作動流体の抽出を可能にする開放設定に制御可能であり、
前記第1の抽出ポイント及び第2の抽出ポイントから前記作動流体を抽出する前記ステップが、前記第1及び第2の制御可能抽出バルブの設定をそれぞれ制御するステップを含む、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記燃焼器に供給される前記加圧酸化剤の量の制御が、
酸化剤圧縮機において酸化剤を加圧して前記加圧酸化剤を生成するステップと、
前記加圧酸化剤の量を制御して前記燃焼器に送給することができる、少なくとも2つの開放設定に制御可能な、制御可能酸化剤バルブを含む酸化剤導管を通して前記酸化剤圧縮機から引き出された加圧酸化剤を配向するステップと、
前記燃焼器に送給する前記加圧酸化剤の量を変えるために、前記制御可能酸化剤バルブの少なくとも2つの開放設定を変更するステップと、
を含み、
前記燃焼器に供給される燃料の量の前記制御が、
燃料供給源から引き出された前記燃料を、前記燃料の量を制御して前記燃焼器に送給することができる、少なくとも2つの開放設定に制御可能な、制御可能燃料バルブを通して前記燃焼器に配向するステップと、
前記燃焼器に送給する前記燃料の量を変えるために、前記制御可能燃料バルブの設定を変更するステップと、
を含む、
請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記タービンからの前記作動流体の流出流が、前記再循環導管を介して前記再循環圧縮機に配向される排出ガスを含み、
前記再循環圧縮機が、前記排出ガスを加圧して、前記再循環圧縮機からの前記作動流体の流出流が加圧排出ガスを含むように構成されており、
前記燃焼器が好ましい理論混合比で作動するよう前記発電プラントを制御するステップが、前記制御可能酸化剤バルブ及び前記制御可能燃料バルブの設定を制御するよう構成されたコンピュータ制御ユニットを用いるステップを含み、
前記好ましい理論混合比が約1の理論混合比である、
請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記好ましい理論混合比が、0.75〜1.25の間の理論混合比の範囲にある、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記好ましい理論混合比が、0.9〜1.1の間の理論混合比の範囲にある、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記第1の抽出ポイントから抽出された前記作動流体及び前記第2の抽出ポイントから抽出された前記作動流体を制御可能に混合する前記ステップが、
第1の所定量の前記作動流体が前記第1の抽出ポイントから抽出されるように前記第1の制御可能な抽出バルブの設定を制御するステップと、
第2の所定量の前記作動流体が前記第2の抽出ポイントから抽出されるように前記第2の制御可能な抽出バルブの設定を制御するステップと、
組み合わせ合流部にて前記第1の所定量の前記作動流体を前記第2の所定量の作動流体と組み合わせて、前記第1の抽出ポイント及び前記第2の抽出ポイントから抽出された前記作動流体の組み合わせ流が形成されるようにするステップと、
を含み、
前記第1の抽出ポイントでの前記作動流体の特性及び前記第2の抽出ポイントでの前記作動流体の特性を考慮して、前記第1の抽出ポイントから抽出された前記第1の所定量の前記作動流体及び前記第2の抽出ポイントから抽出された前記第2の所定量の前記作動流体が、混合されたときに前記特性の好ましい値を有する前記作動流体の組み合わせ流をもたらす前記作動流体の量を含む、
請求項2から6のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記第1の抽出ポイント及び前記第2の抽出ポイントから抽出した前記作動流体の目的とする下流側での適用を決定するステップを更に含み、
前記作動流体の特性の好ましい値が、前記目的とする下流側での適用を考慮した好ましい値に基づいている、
請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記第1の抽出ポイント及び前記第2の抽出ポイントから前記作動流体を抽出する前記ステップが、前記特性の好ましい値が、前記第1の抽出ポイントでの前記作動流体の特性と前記第2の抽出ポイントでの前記作動流体の特性との間にある所定の範囲内にある場合、前記第1及び第2の抽出ポイントから前記作動流体を抽出するステップを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記特性が、圧力及び温度の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記第1の抽出ポイントが前記再循環ループ内に所定の第1の位置を含み、前記所定の第1の位置は、前記再循環圧縮機に、前記タービンに、または、前記タービンの下流かつ前記再循環圧縮機の上流に位置し、
前記第2の抽出ポイントが前記再循環ループ内に所定の第2の位置を含み、前記所定の第2の位置は、前記再循環圧縮機に、前記タービンに、または、前記タービンの下流かつ前記再循環圧縮機の上流に位置する、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記所定の第1の位置が、前記再循環圧縮機内に位置し、
前記所定の第2の位置が、前記タービン内に位置する、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記所定の第1の位置が、前記再循環圧縮機内に位置し、
前記所定の第2の位置が、前記再循環導管内に位置する、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記所定の第1の位置が、前記タービン内に位置し、
前記所定の第2の位置が、前記再循環導管内に位置する、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 作動流体がその回りを再循環される再循環ループと、
前記再循環ループ上の第1の抽出ポイントから前記作動流体を抽出する第1の抽出手段と、
前記再循環ループ上の第2の抽出ポイントから前記作動流体を抽出する第2の抽出手段と、
燃焼器が好ましい理論混合比で作動するように発電プラントを制御する手段と、
を含む前記発電プラントであって、
前記再循環ループが、近隣の上流側構成要素から作動流体の流出流を受け入れて、前記作動流体の流入流を近隣の下流側構成要素に提供するよう構成された複数の構成要素を備え、
前記再循環ループが、
再循環圧縮機と、
前記再循環圧縮機の下流側に位置付けられた前記燃焼器と、
前記燃焼器の下流側に位置付けられたタービンと、
前記作動流体の流出流を、前記作動流体の前記流入流として前記タービンから前記再循環圧縮機に配向するよう構成された再循環導管と、
を含み、
前記第1の抽出ポイントが、前記再循環圧縮機、前記タービン、または、前記再循環導管に位置し、
前記第2の抽出ポイントが、前記再循環圧縮機、前記タービン、または、前記再循環導管に位置し、
前記発電プラントを制御する手段が、前記燃焼器が前記好ましい理論混合比で作動している期間中に、前記第1の抽出手段により前記第1の抽出ポイントから、前記第2の抽出手段により前記第2の抽出ポイントから、前記作動流体を抽出するように構成されたコンピュータ制御ユニットを備え、
目的とする下流側での適用に基づいて、前記作動流体の前記特性の好ましい値を含むような前記作動流体の組み合わせ流を生成するために、前記コンピュータ制御ユニットが、前記第1の抽出ポイントから抽出された前記作動流体及び前記第2の抽出ポイントから抽出された前記作動流体の混合を制御する、
発電プラント。 - 前記燃焼器が好ましい理論混合比で作動するように前記発電プラントを制御する手段が、前記燃焼器に供給される加圧酸化剤の量を制御する手段と、前記燃焼器に供給される燃料の量を制御する手段とを含み、
前記作動流体を抽出する第1の抽出手段が前記第1の抽出ポイントにて第1の制御可能抽出バルブを含み、該第1の制御可能抽出バルブが、少なくとも2つの設定、すなわち作動流体の抽出を阻止する閉鎖設定と該作動流体の抽出を可能にする開放設定とに制御可能であり、
前記作動流体を抽出する第2の抽出手段が、前記第2の抽出ポイントにて第2の制御可能抽出バルブを含み、該第2の制御可能抽出バルブが、少なくとも2つの設定、すなわち作動流体の抽出を阻止する閉鎖設定と該作動流体の抽出を可能にする開放設定とに制御可能である、
請求項15に記載の発電プラント。 - 前記燃焼器に供給される加圧酸化剤の量を制御する手段が、
酸化剤圧縮機と、
該酸化剤圧縮機から引き出された前記加圧酸化剤を前記燃焼器に配向するよう構成された酸化剤導管と、
前記酸化剤導管上に配置され、前記加圧酸化剤の量を前記燃焼器に送給可能にする少なくとも2つの開放設定に制御可能で、前記燃焼器に送給する前記加圧酸化剤の量を変えるために、制御可能酸化剤バルブを少なくとも2つの開放設定のいずれかに変更する、制御可能酸化剤バルブと、
を有し、
前記燃焼器に供給される燃料の量を制御する手段が、前記燃料の量を前記燃焼器に送給可能にする少なくとも2つの開放設定に制御可能で、前記燃焼器に送給する前記燃料の量を変えるために、制御可能燃料バルブを少なくとも2つの開放設定のいずれかに変更する、制御可能燃料バルブを有する燃焼器燃料供給源を含む、
請求項16に記載の発電プラント。 - 前記タービンからの前記作動流体の流出流が、前記再循環導管を介して前記再循環圧縮機に配向される排出ガスを含み、
前記再循環圧縮機が、前記排出ガスを加圧して該再循環圧縮機からの前記作動流体の流出流加圧排出ガスを含むようにし、
前記コンピュータ制御ユニットが、前記制御可能な制御可能酸化剤バルブ及び制御可能燃料バルブの設定を制御し、前記燃焼器が作動している現在の理論混合比及び該現在の理論混合比が前記好ましい理論混合比に等しいかどうかを決定するように構成される、
請求項17に記載の発電プラント。 - 前記好ましい理論混合比が、0.75〜1.25の間の理論混合比の範囲にある、請求項18に記載の発電プラント。
- 前記好ましい理論混合比が、0.9〜1.1の間の理論混合比の範囲にある、請求項18に記載の発電プラント。
- 燃焼器が作動している現在の理論混合比を決定する手段をさらに含み、前記燃焼器が作動している現在の理論混合比を決定する手段が、前記燃焼器に供給される加圧酸化剤の量を測定する手段と、前記燃焼器に供給される燃料の量を測定する手段を含み、
前記コンピュータ制御ユニットが、前記加圧酸化剤の測定量及び前記燃焼器に供給される前記燃料の測定量に基づいて、前記燃焼器が作動している現在の理論混合比を計算するよう構成されている、
請求項18から20のいずれかに記載の発電プラント。 - 前記燃焼器が作動している現在の理論混合比を決定する手段が、前記燃焼器から排出された前記作動流体を試験する試験手段を含み、該試験手段が、過剰な酸化剤を検出するセンサ及び未使用燃料を検出するセンサの少なくとも1つを含み、
前記試験の位置は、前記タービンへの入口と前記燃焼器への入口との間に定められる前記再循環ループ上のある位置範囲内にある位置を含む、
請求項21に記載の発電プラント。 - 前記コンピュータ制御ユニットが、複数の前記燃焼器における現在の理論混合比が前記好ましい理論混合比に等しいと判定されたかどうかに基づいて前記第1の抽出ポイント及び前記第2の抽出ポイントの少なくとも1つから前記作動流体を選択的に抽出するよう構成されている、請求項18から22のいずれかに記載の発電プラント。
- 前記再循環導管が、前記タービンからの前記排出ガスの一部を収集し、該排出ガスの一部を前記再循環圧縮機の吸気口に配向するよう構成され、
前記再循環導管が更に、ボイラーを有する熱回収蒸気発生器を含み、該熱回収蒸気発生器が、前記タービンからの排出ガスが前記ボイラー用の熱源を含むように構成されており、
前記再循環導管が、前記再循環導管上に位置付けられたチラーとブロアとを含み、該チラーは、前記再循環圧縮機の吸気口でより望ましい温度が得られるように前記再循環導管を流れる前記排出ガスからある量の熱を制御可能に除去するよう構成されており、前記ブロアが、前記再循環圧縮機の吸気口でより望ましい圧力が得られるように前記再循環導管を流れる前記排出ガスを制御可能に循環させるように構成されている、
請求項18から23のいずれかに記載の発電プラント。 - 前記第1の抽出ポイントにて前記作動流体の特性を判定する手段と、
前記第2の抽出ポイントにて前記作動流体の前記特性を判定する手段と、
を更に備え、
前記コンピュータ制御ユニットが、前記第1の抽出ポイント及び第2の抽出ポイントでの前記作動流体の特性に基づいて、前記第1の抽出ポイントからのみ、又は前記第2の抽出ポイントからのみ、或いは前記第1の抽出ポイント及び前記第2の抽出ポイント両方から前記作動流体を選択的に抽出するよう構成されている、
請求項18から24のいずれかに記載の発電プラント。 - 前記第1の抽出ポイントが前記再循環圧縮機内の位置を含み、
前記第2の抽出ポイントが前記タービン内の位置を含む、
請求項25に記載の発電プラント。 - 前記第1の抽出ポイントが前記再循環圧縮機内の位置を含み、
前記第2の抽出ポイントが前記再循環導管内の位置を含む、
請求項25に記載の発電プラント。 - 前記第1の抽出ポイントが前記タービン内の位置を含み、
前記第2の抽出ポイントが前記再循環導管内の位置を含む、
請求項25に記載の発電プラント。 - 前記第1の抽出ポイントが、前記発電プラントの第1の動作モード中に前記作動流体の所望の圧力又は温度レベルを提供するよう選択された第1の位置を前記再循環圧縮機内に含み、
前記第2の抽出ポイントが、前記発電プラントの第2の動作モード中に前記作動流体の所望の圧力又は温度レベルを提供するよう選択された第2の位置を前記再循環圧縮機内に含み、
前記コンピュータ制御ユニットが、前記発電プラントが前記第1の作動モードで作動しているときに前記第1の抽出ポイントから前記作動流体を抽出し、前記発電プラントが前記第2の作動モードで作動しているときに前記第2の抽出ポイントから前記作動流体を抽出するよう構成されている、
請求項25から28のいずれかに記載の発電プラント。 - 前記第1の作動モードがベース負荷作動モードを含み、前記第2の作動モードがターンダウン作動モードを含む、請求項29に記載の発電プラント。
- 前記第1の抽出ポイントが、前記発電プラントの第1の動作モード中に前記作動流体の所望の圧力又は温度レベルを提供するよう選択された第1の位置を前記タービン内に含み、
前記第2の抽出ポイントが、前記発電プラントの第2の動作モード中に前記作動流体の所望の圧力又は温度レベルを提供するよう選択された第2の位置を前記タービン内に含み、
前記コンピュータ制御ユニットが、前記発電プラントが前記第1の作動モードで作動しているときに前記第1の抽出ポイントから前記作動流体を抽出し、前記発電プラントが前記第2の作動モードで作動しているときに前記第2の抽出ポイントから前記作動流体を抽出するよう構成されている、
請求項25から28のいずれかに記載の発電プラント。 - 前記第1の作動モードがベース負荷作動モードを含み、前記第2の作動モードがターンダウン作動モードを含む、請求項31に記載の発電プラント。
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