JP6311079B2 - 合わせガラス用中間膜 - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6311079B2 JP6311079B2 JP2017546751A JP2017546751A JP6311079B2 JP 6311079 B2 JP6311079 B2 JP 6311079B2 JP 2017546751 A JP2017546751 A JP 2017546751A JP 2017546751 A JP2017546751 A JP 2017546751A JP 6311079 B2 JP6311079 B2 JP 6311079B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- laminated glass
- compound
- interlayer film
- resin
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 127
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 title claims description 94
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 107
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 6
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920012753 Ethylene Ionomers Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 40
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- -1 n-pentylaldehyde Chemical compound 0.000 description 26
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 5
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1O PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCO GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 150000007934 α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
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- GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)O GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940015975 1,2-hexanediol Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 229940043375 1,5-pentanediol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Description
により求められ、合わせガラスの面密度を10%、20%低減した場合、その音響透過損失はそれぞれ約0.8dB、1.7dB低下することがわかる。すなわちフロントガラスの軽量化と遮音性能は従来、トレードオフの関係にあり、これらの特性を両立するには未だ課題があった。
[1]熱可塑性樹脂および熱硬化性樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の樹脂(a1)を含む組成物(A)からなる遮音層を備えた合わせガラス用中間膜であって、
組成物(A)を厚さ0.8mmに成形したシートの動的粘弾性を、周波数0.3Hz、引張モードで測定した際に得られるtanδが温度TA(℃)に極大値を持ち、
TA(℃)が−50〜50℃の範囲内であり、
TA(℃)におけるtanδが2.5以上である、合わせガラス用中間膜;
[2]樹脂(a1)が熱可塑性樹脂である、[1]の合わせガラス用中間膜;
[3]前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール、ポリカルボン酸ビニルまたはオレフィン−カルボン酸ビニル共重合体のいずれかである、[2]の合わせガラス用中間膜;
[4]樹脂(a1)を厚さ0.8mmに成形したシートの動的粘弾性を周波数0.3Hz、引張モードで測定した際に得られるtanδが温度TB(℃)に極大値を持ち、
TB(℃)が−100〜100℃の範囲内にある、[1]〜[3]のいずれかの合わせガラス用中間膜;
[5]樹脂(a1)の水酸基価が300mgKOH/g以下である、[1]〜[4]のいずれかの合わせガラス用中間膜;
[6]樹脂(a1)の水酸基価が20mgKOH/g〜1000mgKOH/gである、[1]〜[4]のいずれかの合わせガラス用中間膜;
[7]組成物(A)が、環構造を少なくとも2つ有する化合物(a2)を含む、[1]〜[6]のいずれかの合わせガラス用中間膜;
[8]化合物(a2)が縮合環骨格を有する化合物である、[7]の合わせガラス用中間膜;
[9]化合物(a2)が、いずれも水素原子でない4つの原子に結合した炭素原子を少なくとも1つ有する化合物である、[7]または[8]の合わせガラス用中間膜;
[10]化合物(a2)が、前記いずれも水素原子でない4つの原子に結合した炭素原子に、少なくとも2つの環構造が直接結合している骨格を有する化合物である、[9]の合わせガラス用中間膜;
[11]化合物(a2)がフルオレン骨格を有する化合物である、[7]〜[10]のいずれかの合わせガラス用中間膜;
[12]化合物(a2)の水酸基価が500mgKOH/g以下である、[7]〜[11]のいずれかの合わせガラス用中間膜;
[13]化合物(a2)の含有量が、樹脂(a1)100質量部に対して5〜1000質量部である、[7]〜[12]のいずれかの合わせガラス用中間膜;
[14]組成物(A)が樹脂(a1)100質量部に対して、化合物(a2)X質量部と化合物(a2)とは異なる可塑剤(a3)Y質量部を含むものであり、
化合物(a2)X質量部と可塑剤(a3)Y質量部とを90℃で8時間撹拌した後、23℃まで冷却した場合に、化合物(a2)の全てが可塑剤(a3)に溶解する、[7]〜[13]のいずれかの合わせガラス用中間膜;
[15]組成物(A)を厚さ0.8mmに成形したシートの動的粘弾性を周波数0.3Hz、引張モードで測定した際に得られる損失弾性率E”が温度TC(℃)に極大値を持ち、
TC(℃)が(TA−40)〜TA(℃)の範囲内にあり、
TC(℃)における損失弾性率E”が2.5×107〜2.5×109Paである、[1]〜[14]のいずれかの合わせガラス用中間膜;
[16]前記遮音層が2つの保護層の間に配置されており、
該保護層が組成物(B)からなる、[1]〜[15]のいずれかの合わせガラス用中間膜;
[17]組成物(B)を厚さ0.8mmに成形したシートの動的粘弾性を、周波数0.3Hz、引張モードで測定した際に得られるtanδが温度TD(℃)に極大値を持ち、TD−TA>0である、[16]の合わせガラス用中間膜;
[18]組成物(B)がポリビニルアセタール、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、およびアイオノマー樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の樹脂(b1)を含む、[16]または[17]の合わせガラス用中間膜;
[19]組成物(B)が樹脂(b1)および可塑剤(b2)を含み、
前記樹脂(b1)がアセタール化度40〜90モル%のポリビニルアセタールである、[18]の合わせガラス用中間膜;
[20][1]〜[19]のいずれかの合わせガラス用中間膜が2枚のガラスの間に挟まれてなる、合わせガラス;
を提供することにより達成される。
本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜における遮音層を構成する組成物(A)は、熱可塑性樹脂および熱硬化性樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の樹脂(a1)を含む。
本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜は、遮音層のみから構成させていてもよいが、例えば、遮音層が2つの保護層の間に配置されているような構成をとることもできる。合わせガラス用中間膜について、上記のような構成をとることで、遮音性に優れるだけでなく、力学強度、ガラスとの接着性、取り扱い性に優れた合わせガラス用中間膜を得ることができる。
遮音層または保護層を構成する組成物は、樹脂、その他成分を従来公知の方法で混合することにより得られる。混合方法としては、例えばミキシングロール、プラストミル、押し出し機などを用いた溶融混練、あるいは各成分を適当な有機溶剤に溶解した後、溶剤を留去する方法などが挙げられる。
(樹脂の動的粘弾性による評価)
後述する製造例で得られる樹脂、および後述する実施例で用いられる樹脂のそれぞれを、熱プレス機を使用して180℃、100kg/cm2、30分プレスして、厚さ0.8mmのシートを得た。得られたシートを幅3mmに切断し、動的粘弾性測定用サンプルとした。この測定用サンプルについて、動的粘弾性装置(株式会社ユービーエム製、Rheogel−E4000)を使用し、−50から120℃まで、3℃/分で昇温しながら、チャック間距離20mm、周波数0.3Hz、変位75.9μm、自動静荷重26g、引張モードで分析した。得られた結果から−50〜120℃の範囲に存在する正接損失tanδ(=損失弾性率/貯蔵弾性率)が極大になる温度TB(℃)を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
各実施例および比較例で用いられる遮音層を構成する組成物を、熱プレス機を使用して180℃、100kg/cm2、30分プレスして、厚さ0.8mmのシートを得た。幅3mmに切断して、動的粘弾性測定用サンプルとした。この測定用サンプルについて、動的粘弾性装置(株式会社ユービーエム製、Rheogel−E4000)を使用し、−50から120℃まで、3℃/分で昇温しながら、チャック間距離20mm、周波数0.3Hz、変位75.9μm、自動静荷重26g、引張モードで分析した。得られた結果から正接損失tanδ(=損失弾性率/貯蔵弾性率)が極大になる温度TA(℃)を求めた。温度TAと、温度TAでのtanδ(TA)を表3〜6に示す。また、損失弾性率E”と、損失弾性率E”が極大になる温度TC(℃)を求めた。さらには、(TC−10)(℃)における損失弾性率E”(TC−10)を求めた。また、(TC−10)での損失弾性率E”(TC−10)に対する、温度TC℃の損失弾性率E”の比を求めた。TCと、TCでの損失弾性率E”(TC)、損失弾性率E”(TC−10)に対する損失弾性率E”(TC)の比を表3〜6に示す。
各実施例および比較例で用いる遮音層を構成する組成物を、ラボプラストミルで溶融混錬し(150℃、60rpm、5分)、得られた混錬物を150℃、100kg/cm2、30分プレスして、厚さ0.8mmのシートとし、これを幅3mmに切断して動的粘弾性を評価し、tanδが極大となる温度TDを求めた。動的粘弾性の測定は、上述のシートの動的粘弾性による評価と同条件にて行った。温度TD(℃)は25℃であった。
各実施例および比較例で製造された合わせガラスを25mm×300mmの大きさに切断し、加振機(エミック株式会社製、小型振動発生機512−A)により加振し、その際の周波数応答関数をFFTアナライザー(株式会社小野測器製、DS−2100)にて検出し、サーボ解析ソフト(株式会社小野測器製、DS−0242)を使用して0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃および40℃のそれぞれの温度について、3次の反共振モードにおける損失係数を求めた。また、損失係数と前記試験で求められる3次の反共振周波数の値から0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃および40℃における2000Hz、2500Hz、3150Hz、4000Hz、5000Hzおよび6300Hzの音響透過損失を計算し、これらの平均値を求めた。表3〜6に、音響透過損失の平均値が最も大きい温度(表3〜6では、単に「温度」と記載)と、その温度における前記平均値(表3〜6では、単に「平均値」と記載)および5000Hzにおける音響透過損失値(表3〜6では、単に「5000Hz」と記載)を示す。平均値が大きいものほど、いわゆる質量支配領域を含む広い周波数において音響透過損失が優れることを示し、5000Hzにおける音響透過損失に優れるものは、コインシデンス領域における遮音性能に優れることを示す。
各実施例で使用した遮音層を構成する組成物(A)について、該組成物(A)が樹脂(a1)100質量部、化合物(a2)をX質量部および可塑剤(a3)をY質量部含む場合に、マイヤーフラスコに各実施例で使用した化合物(a2)をX質量部と可塑剤(a3)Y質量部を量りとり、撹拌しながら90℃で8時間処理した後、23℃まで冷却し、溶解しているか否かを目視で確認した。ここで、「溶解」しているとは目視で確認した際に、化合物(a2)および/または可塑剤(a3)が析出しておらず、混合物が相分離を起こしておらず濁っていない場合を指す。結果を表3および表4に示す。
製造された合わせガラスの作製直後のヘイズを測定し、また作製後、23℃、50%RHで25週間保管した後のヘイズを測定し、25週間後のヘイズから作製直後のヘイズを差し引いた値を求め、差が0.5%以下のものをA、差が0.5%を超え、1%以下であるものをB、差が1%を超え、50%以下であるものをC、差が50%を超え、70%以下であるものをD、差が70%を超えるものをEとした。ヘイズ差が少ないものほど、すなわちA、B、C、D、Eの順に、合わせガラス用中間膜を長期間使用した場合に透明性が低下しにくく好ましいものである。結果を表3および表4に示す。
還流冷却器、温度計、イカリ型攪拌翼を備えた5リットルガラス容器に、イオン交換水4050g、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA−1:粘度平均重合度1700、けん化度92モル%)330gを仕込み、95℃に昇温してポリビニルアルコールを完全に溶解させた。得られた溶液を160rpmで攪拌下、10℃まで約30分かけて徐々に冷却後、ブチルアルデヒド197gおよび20%塩酸水溶液200mLを添加し、ブチラール化反応を50分間行った。その後、60分かけて65℃まで昇温し、65℃にて120分間保持した後、室温まで冷却した。得られた樹脂をイオン交換水で洗浄後、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加して残存する酸を中和し、さらに過剰のイオン交換水で洗浄、乾燥してポリビニルブチラール(PVB−1)を得た。得られたPVB−1をJIS K6728:1977に準拠して分析したところ、平均ブチラール化度(平均アセタール化度)は74.3モル%、ビニルエステル単位の含有量は8.0モル%であり、残存水酸基量は17.7モル%であった(表1参照)。またPVB−1の水酸基価は162mgKOH/g、エステル価は73mgKOH/gであった。
還流冷却器、温度計、イカリ型攪拌翼を備えた5リットルガラス容器に、イオン交換水4050g、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA−1:粘度平均重合度1700、けん化度99モル%)330gを仕込み、95℃に昇温してポリビニルアルコールを完全に溶解させた。得られた溶液を160rpmで攪拌下、10℃まで約30分かけて徐々に冷却後、ブチルアルデヒド188.5gおよび20%塩酸水溶液200mLを添加し、ブチラール化反応を50分間行った。その後、60分かけて65℃まで昇温し、65℃にて120分間保持した後、室温まで冷却した。得られた樹脂をイオン交換水で洗浄後、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加して残存する酸を中和し、さらに過剰のイオン交換水で洗浄、乾燥してポリビニルブチラール(PVB−2)を得た。得られたPVB−2をJIS K6728:1977に準拠して分析したところ、平均ブチラール化度(平均アセタール化度)は69.1モル%、ビニルエステル単位の含有量は1.0モル%であり、平均残存水酸基量は29.9モル%であった(表1参照)。またPVB−2の水酸基価は264mgKOH/g、エステル価は9mgKOH/gであった。
還流冷却器、温度計、イカリ型攪拌翼を備えた2リットルガラス容器に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA−2:粘度平均重合度2400、けん化度88モル%)100g、無水プロピオン酸270g、ピリジン300gを添加して攪拌しながら80℃で360分保持した。反応溶液を水に投入し、得られた沈殿を十分に水洗した後、乾燥した。得られた樹脂(PVOPr)を重クロロホルムに溶解し1H−NMRで分析したところ、酢酸ビニルユニットの含有量は12モル%、プロピオン酸ビニルユニットの含有量は88モル%であった。
エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体−1:酢酸ビニル含有量67モル%
エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体−2:酢酸ビニル含有量56モル%
エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体−3:酢酸ビニル含有量12モル%
ポリ酢酸ビニル:酢酸ビニル含有量100モル%
100質量部のエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体−1、化合物(a2)として表2に示すフルオレン化合物−1を100質量部、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコールジ2−エチルヘキサノエート50質量部を、ラボプラストミルで溶融混錬して(150℃、60rpm、5分)、組成物−1を得た。組成物−1を150℃、100kgf/cm2、30分熱プレスして厚さ0.8mmのシート−1とした。シート−1について、上述した方法で、温度TA、tanδ(TA)、温度TC、損失弾性率E”(TC)、損失弾性率E”(TC−10)を測定し、損失弾性率E”(TC−10)に対する損失弾性率E”(TC)の比を求めた。測定結果を表3に示す。
表1に示す樹脂、表2に示す化合物(a2)を用いて、表3および表4に示す組成および厚さとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、遮音層−2〜17および保護層を製造した。また、得られた遮音層および保護層を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜−2〜17および合わせガラス−2〜17を製造した。各実施例にて得られた合わせガラスについて、上述した方法で、音響透過損失および透明性を測定した。測定結果を表3および表4に示す。また、各実施例の遮音層と同一の組成としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚さ0.8mmのシート−2〜17を得た。得られたシートについて、上述した方法で、温度TA、tanδ(TA)、温度TC、損失弾性率E”(TC)、損失弾性率E”(TC−10)を測定し、損失弾性率E”(TC−10)に対する損失弾性率E”(TC)の比を求めた。測定結果を表3および表4に示す。
表1に示す樹脂、表2に示す化合物(a2)を用いて、表4に示す組成および厚さとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、遮音層−18を製造し、遮音層−18を合わせガラス用中間膜とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜−18および合わせガラス−18を製造した。各実施例にて得られた合わせガラスについて、上述した方法で、音響透過損失および透明性を測定した。測定結果を表4に示す。また、各実施例の遮音層と同一の組成としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚さ0.8mmのシート−18を得た。得られたシートについて、上述した方法で、温度TA、tanδ(TA)、温度TC、損失弾性率E”(TC)、損失弾性率E”(TC−10)を測定し、損失弾性率E”(TC−10)に対する損失弾性率E”(TC)の比を求めた。測定結果を表4に示す。
9,9−ビス[4−(2−アセトキシエトキシ)フェニル]フルオレンを添加しないこと、および遮音層のトリエチレングリコールジ(2−エチルヘキサノエート)の量を40質量部に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、合わせガラス用中間膜および合わせガラスを製造した。得られた合わせガラスについて、上述した方法で音響透過損失を測定した。測定結果を表5に示す。また、比較例1の遮音層と同一の組成としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚さ0.8mmのシートを得た。得られたシートについて、上述した方法で、温度TA、tanδ(TA)、温度TC、損失弾性率E”(TC)、損失弾性率E”(TC−10)を測定し、損失弾性率E”(TC−10)に対する損失弾性率E”(TC)の比を求めた。測定結果を表5に示す。
表1に示す樹脂を用いて、表5および表6に示す組成および厚さで遮音層、保護層を製造し、これらの遮音層、保護層を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜および合わせガラスを製造した。各比較例にて得られた合わせガラスについて、上述した方法で音響透過損失を測定した。測定結果を表5および6に示す。また、各比較例の遮音層と同一の組成としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚さ0.8mmのシートを得た。得られたシートについて、上述した方法で、温度TA、tanδ(TA)、温度TC、損失弾性率E”(TC)、損失弾性率E”(TC−10)を測定し、損失弾性率E”(TC−10)に対する損失弾性率E”(TC)の比を求めた。測定結果を表5および表6に示す。
2a B層
2b B層
Claims (20)
- 熱可塑性樹脂および熱硬化性樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の樹脂(a1)を含む組成物(A)からなる遮音層を備えた合わせガラス用中間膜であって、
組成物(A)を厚さ0.8mmに成形したシートの動的粘弾性を、周波数0.3Hz、引張モードで測定した際に得られるtanδが温度TA(℃)に極大値を持ち、
TA(℃)が−50〜50℃の範囲内であり、
TA(℃)におけるtanδが2.5以上であり、
組成物(A)が、環構造を少なくとも2つ有する化合物(a2)を含み、
化合物(a2)が、いずれも水素原子でない4つの原子に結合した炭素原子を少なくとも1つ有し、かつ、前記いずれも水素原子でない4つの原子に結合した炭素原子に、少なくとも2つの環構造が直接結合している骨格を有する化合物である、
合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 熱可塑性樹脂および熱硬化性樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の樹脂(a1)を含む組成物(A)からなる遮音層を備えた合わせガラス用中間膜であって、
組成物(A)を厚さ0.8mmに成形したシートの動的粘弾性を、周波数0.3Hz、引張モードで測定した際に得られるtanδが温度T A (℃)に極大値を持ち、
T A (℃)が−50〜50℃の範囲内であり、
T A (℃)におけるtanδが2.5以上であり、
組成物(A)が、環構造を少なくとも2つ有する化合物(a2)を含み、
化合物(a2)が、アセン系骨格を有する化合物である、
合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 化合物(a2)が縮合環骨格を有する化合物である、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 化合物(a2)が、いずれも水素原子でない4つの原子に結合した炭素原子を少なくとも1つ有する化合物である、請求項2に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 化合物(a2)が、前記いずれも水素原子でない4つの原子に結合した炭素原子に、少なくとも2つの環構造が直接結合している骨格を有する化合物である、請求項4に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 化合物(a2)がフルオレン骨格を有する化合物である、請求項1または3に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 樹脂(a1)が熱可塑性樹脂である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール、ポリカルボン酸ビニルまたはオレフィン−カルボン酸ビニル共重合体のいずれかである、請求項7に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 樹脂(a1)を厚さ0.8mmに成形したシートの動的粘弾性を周波数0.3Hz、引張モードで測定した際に得られるtanδが温度TB(℃)に極大値を持ち、
TB(℃)が−100〜100℃の範囲内にある、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 樹脂(a1)の水酸基価が300mgKOH/g以下である、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 樹脂(a1)の水酸基価が20mgKOH/g〜1000mgKOH/gである、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 化合物(a2)の水酸基価が500mgKOH/g以下である、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 化合物(a2)の含有量が、樹脂(a1)100質量部に対して5〜1000質量部である、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 組成物(A)が樹脂(a1)100質量部に対して、化合物(a2)X質量部と化合物(a2)とは異なる可塑剤(a3)Y質量部を含むものであり、
化合物(a2)X質量部と可塑剤(a3)Y質量部とを90℃で8時間撹拌した後、23℃まで冷却した場合に、化合物(a2)の全てが可塑剤(a3)に溶解する、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 組成物(A)を厚さ0.8mmに成形したシートの動的粘弾性を周波数0.3Hz、引張モードで測定した際に得られる損失弾性率E”が温度TC(℃)に極大値を持ち、
TC(℃)が(TA−40)〜TA(℃)の範囲内にあり、
TC(℃)における損失弾性率E”が2.5×107〜2.5×109Paである、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記遮音層が2つの保護層の間に配置されており、
該保護層が組成物(B)からなる、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 組成物(B)を厚さ0.8mmに成形したシートの動的粘弾性を、周波数0.3Hz、引張モードで測定した際に得られるtanδが温度TD(℃)に極大値を持ち、
TD−TA>0である、請求項16に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 組成物(B)がポリビニルアセタール、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、およびアイオノマー樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の樹脂(b1)を含む、請求項16または17に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 組成物(B)が樹脂(b1)および可塑剤(b2)を含み、
前記樹脂(b1)がアセタール化度40〜90モル%のポリビニルアセタールである、請求項18に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 請求項1〜19のいずれかに記載の合わせガラス用中間膜が2枚のガラスの間に挟まれてなる、合わせガラス。
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