JP6302412B2 - 広い分子量分布を持ち、抽出可能性の低い低密度のエチレン系ポリマー - Google Patents
広い分子量分布を持ち、抽出可能性の低い低密度のエチレン系ポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- JP6302412B2 JP6302412B2 JP2014543491A JP2014543491A JP6302412B2 JP 6302412 B2 JP6302412 B2 JP 6302412B2 JP 2014543491 A JP2014543491 A JP 2014543491A JP 2014543491 A JP2014543491 A JP 2014543491A JP 6302412 B2 JP6302412 B2 JP 6302412B2
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Classifications
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F10/02—Ethene
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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Description
本出願は、2011年11月23日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号61/563,186の利益を主張する。
(a)≧2.0dg/分のメルトインデックス(I2)と;
(b)Mw(abs)対I2の関係:Mw(abs)<A+B(I2)、式中A=2.40×105g/モル及びB=−8.00×103(g/モル)/(dg/分)と;
(c)G’対I2の関係:G’≧C+D(I2)、式中C=127.5Pa及びD=−1.25Pa/(dg/分)
を含むエチレン系ポリマーを提供する。
(a)≧2.0dg/分のメルトインデックス(I2)と;
(b)G’対I2の関係:G’≧C+D(I2)、式中C=127.5Pa及びD=−1.25Pa/(dg/分)と;
(c)クロロホルム抽出物(Clext)対G’の関係:Clext.≦E+FG’、式中E=0.20重量%及びF=0.060重量%/Paと;
(d)以下の関係:w<I+J(I2)、式中、I=0.080、及びJ=−4.00×10−3分/dgを満たす、「ポリマーの総重量を基にして106g/モルより大きい分子量の、及びGPC(abs)によって決定される重量分画(w)」
を含むエチレン系ポリマーも提供する。
(a)≧2.0dg/分のメルトインデックス(I2)と;
(b)Mw(abs)対I2の関係:Mw(abs)<A+B(I2)、式中A=2.40×105g/モル及びB=−8.00×103(g/モル)/(dg/分)と;
(c)G’対I2の関係:G’≧C+D(I2)、式中C=127.5Pa及びD=−1.25Pa/(dg/分)
を含むエチレン系ポリマーを提供する。
(a)≧2.0dg/分のメルトインデックス(I2)と;
(b)G’対I2の関係:G’≧C+D(I2)、式中C=127.5Pa及びD=−1.25Pa/(dg/分)と;
(c)クロロホルム抽出物(Clext)対G’の関係:Clext.≦E+FG’、式中E=0.20重量%及びF=0.060重量%/Paと;
(d)以下の関係:w<I+J(I2)、式中、I=0.080、及びJ=−4.00×10−3分/dgを満たす、「ポリマーの総重量を基にして106g/モルより大きい分子量の、及びGPC(abs)によって決定される重量分画(w)」
を含むエチレン系ポリマーを提供する。
高圧については、遊離のラジカルで開始する重合工程である、反応器の2つの基本型が知られている。第1の型は1以上の反応ゾーンを有する撹拌オートクレーブ容器(オートクレーブ反応器)である。第2の型は、1以上の反応ゾーンを有するジャケット付き管(管型反応器)である。
本発明の工程は遊離ラジカル重合工程である。本工程で使用される遊離ラジカル開始剤の種類は重要ではないが、好ましくは、300℃〜350℃の範囲での高温操作を可能にする場合適用される開始剤の1つである。一般に使用される遊離ラジカル開始剤には、たとえば、ペルエステル、ペルケタール、ペルオキシケトン、ペルカーボネート及び環状多官能性の過酸化物のような有機過酸化物が挙げられる。これらの有機ペルオキシ開始剤は、従来の量、通常、重合可能なモノマーの重量を基にして0.005〜0.2重量%で使用される。過酸化物は通常、好適な溶媒、たとえば、炭化水素溶媒における希釈溶液として注入される。
連鎖移動剤又はテロゲンを使用して重合工程におけるメルトインデックスを制御する。連鎖移動は、成長するポリマー鎖の停止、従って、ポリマー物質の最終的な分子量を限定することに関与する。連鎖移動剤は通常、成長するポリマー鎖と反応し、鎖の重合反応を止める水素原子供与体である。これらの剤は、飽和炭化水素又は不飽和炭化水素からアルデヒド、ケトン又はアルコールに至る多数の異なる種類であり得る。選択された連鎖移動剤の濃度を制御することによって、ポリマー鎖の長さを制御することができるので、分子量、たとえば、数平均分子量Mnを制御することができる。Mnに関連するポリマーのメルトフローインデックス(MFI又はI2)は同じ方法で制御される。
一実施形態では、本発明のエチレン系ポリマーは、立方センチメートル当たり0.914〜0.940、さらに通常0.916〜0.930、一層さらに通常0.918〜0.926グラムの密度を有する。一実施形態では、本発明のエチレン系ポリマーは、190℃/2.16kgにて10分当たり2〜20、さらに通常2〜15、一層さらに通常2〜10グラム(g/10分)のメルトインデックス(I2)を有する。
本記載及び特許請求の範囲で使用されるような用語、エチレン共重合体は、エチレンと1以上のコモノマーのポリマーを指す。本発明のエチレンポリマーで使用される好適なコモノマーには、エチレン性の不飽和モノマー及び特にC3〜20α−オレフィン、一酸化炭素、酢酸ビニル、及びアクリル酸C2〜6アルキルが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。一実施形態では、エチレン系ポリマーはポリマー鎖を架橋することが可能であるコモノマー、たとえば、複数の不飽和を含有するおよびアセチレン性官能基を含有するコモノマーを含有しない。
本発明のポリマーは、たとえば、直鎖低密度のポリエチレン(LLDPE);エチレンと、たとえば、プロピレン、ブテン−1、ペンテン−1,4−メチル−ペンテン−1、ペンテン−1、ヘキセン−1及びオクテン−1のような、しかし、これらに限定されない1以上のα−オレフィンとのコポリマー;Dow Chemical Companyから入手可能なHDPE等級HD940−970のような高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)のような、しかし、これらに限定されない1以上の他のポリマーと混合することができる。混合物における本発明のポリマーの量は広く変化することができるが、通常、混合物のポリマーの重量に基づいて10〜90、又は15〜85、又は20〜80重量%である。LDPE(本発明)/LLDPE混合物は通常、良好な光学を提供し、及び/又は積層の調製に有用であり、及び/又はフィルム、押出しコーティング、泡状物及びワイヤやケーブルとしての適用で有用である。
本発明のポリマーを含む組成物には1以上の添加剤が添加され得る。そのような添加剤には、安定剤;たとえば、粘土、タルク、二酸化チタン、ゼオライト、粉末金属、炭素繊維、窒化ケイ素繊維、スチールのワイヤ又はメッシュを含む有機又は無機の繊維、及びナイロン又はポリエステルのコーディング、ナノサイズの粒子、粘土等のような充填剤;粘着付与剤、パラフィン油又はナフタレン油を含む油増量剤が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物は、押出しコーティング;フィルム;たとえば、ブロー成形された、射出成形された又は回転成形された物品のような成形物品;泡状物;ワイヤやケーブル;及び織布又は不織布を含む有用な物品を製造する種々の従来の熱可塑性製造工程に採用され得る。
それとは反対に、文脈から絶対的に又は当該技術で習慣的に述べられない限り、部分及びパーセントはすべて重量に基づき、試験方法はすべて本開示の出願日時点現在のものである。
密度:ASTM D1928に従って密度測定用の試料を調製する。190℃及び30,000psiにてポリマー試料を3分間加圧し、次いで21℃及び207MPaで1分間加圧する。ASTM D792、方法Bを用いて試料加圧の1時間以内に測定を行う。
Mポリエチレン=A×(Mポリスチレン)B
(A=0.39及びB=1)を用いてポリスチレンの標準ピーク分子量をポリエチレンの分子量に変換する。Aの値は、115,000g/モルのMwを持つ直鎖高密度ポリエチレンホモポリマー(HDPE)を用いて決定される。HDPE参照物質も用いて100%の質量回収と1.873dL/gの固有の粘度を想定することによってIR検出器および粘度計を較正する。
G’の測定に使用される試料は圧縮成形プラークから調製した。アルミホイルの片をバックプレート上に置き、鋳型又は金型をバックプレートの一番上に置いた。およそ12グラムの樹脂を金型に入れ、アルミホイルの第2の片を樹脂及び金型の上に置いた。次いでアルミホイルの上に第2のバックプレートを置いた。集合体全体を圧縮成形プレス機に入れ、以下の条件:150℃、10バールにて3分間、次いで150℃、150バールにて1分間、その後150バールでの「1.5分間」の室温までのクエンチ冷却で実行させた。圧縮成形プラークから25mmの円板を打ち抜いた。この円板の厚さはおよそ2.0mmだった。
ポリマーのペレット(さらなる改変を行わずに重合、ペレット化工程から、2.2グラムのペレットをフィルムに加圧した)をCarverプレス機にて厚さ3.0〜4.0ミリに加圧した。ペレットを190℃、3,000lbfにて3分間、次いで190℃、4,000lbfにて3分間加圧した。操作者の手からの残留油でフィルムを汚染しないように残留のない手袋(PIP* CleanTeam*Cotton Lisle Inspection Gloves,品番:97−501)を装着した。フィルムを「1インチ×1インチ」四方に切断し、秤量した。十分なフィルム試料を用いたので、「2.5g」のフィルム試料を各抽出に使用した。次いで、加熱した水槽中「49.5±0.5℃」にて約1000mlのヘキサンを含有するヘキサン容器において2時間フィルムを抽出した。用いたヘキサンは、異性体「ヘキサン」混合物(たとえば、Hexanes(Optima)、Fisher Chemical、HPLC用の高純度移動相及び/又はGC適用のための抽出溶媒、GCによる99.9%min)だった。2時間後、フィルムを取り出し、きれいなヘキサンですすぎ、先ず窒素で乾燥させ、さらに、完全真空での真空オーブン(80±5℃)(ISOTEMP真空オーブン、モデル281A、約30インチHgにて)にて2時間乾燥させた。次いでフィルムをデシケータに入れ、最短1時間で室温に冷却した。次いでフィルムを再秤量し、ヘキサンにおける抽出による質量損失の量を算出した。
制御ユニット2050と駆動ユニット2050を伴ったFOSS SOXTEC Avanti2050自動抽出システムをクロロホルム抽出に用いた。少なくとも99%(J.T.Bakerコード7386又は同等物)の純度のクロロホルムを使用した。6〜8グラムの量のペレット(さらなる改変を行わずに重合、ペレット化工程から;グラム当たり25〜45ペレット)をルツボに測り込み;180mLの溶媒(クロロホルム)を加え、3.5時間の煮沸時間、180℃の設定温度で試料を煮沸した。ペレットを煮沸時間、煮沸している溶媒に沈めた。煮沸工程の後、3.5時間のすすぎ工程を使用した。すすぎ溶媒はクロロホルムだった。試料を煮沸溶媒の表面に持ち上げ、それを濃縮し、ルツボに還流し戻す一方でペレット試料を分当たり約180滴の比率ですすいだ。すすぎ工程の後、ルツボにおけるクロロホルム溶媒をさらなる使用にために機器によって部分的に回収した。ルツボに残った溶媒を蒸発させ、ポリマー抽出物を保管し、測定した。
実施例C(比較)
3つの反応ゾーンを持つ管型反応器にて重合を実施した。各反応ゾーンでは、反応器のジャケットを介して加圧水を循環させることによって反応媒体を冷却し及び/又は加熱するためにこの加圧水を使用した。入口圧は2100バールであり、管型反応器システム全体にわたる圧力低下は約300バールだった。各反応ゾーンは入口1つと出口1つを有した。各入口流は前の反応ソーンからの出口流及び/又は添加されたエチレンが豊富な供給流から成った。仕様に従ってエチレンが供給され、それは、エチレンにおける微量の(最大5モルppm)のアセチレンを認めた。従って、ポリマーにおける取り込まれたアセチレンの最大の考えられる量は、エチレン系ポリマーにおけるモノマー単位の総モルを基にして16モルppm以下である(表3における変換レベルを参照)。反応器出口における変換されなかったエチレン及び他の気体様の成分は、高圧又は低圧のリサイクルを介して再利用され、図1に示すフロースキームに従って、昇圧器、一次及び過剰(二次)圧縮器を介して圧縮され、分配された。有機過酸化物(表3を参照)を各反応ゾーンに供給した。プロピオンアルデヒド(PA)を連鎖移動剤として使用し、それは、低圧及び高圧のリサイクル流(#13及び#15)と同様に新しく注入されたCTA組成の流れ#7及び/又は流れ#6を起源として各反応ゾーンの入口に存在した。この比較例では、「CTA組成」の流れ#7と流れ#6の間の重量比は0.25だった。
上述のように3つの反応ゾーンを持つ管型反応器にて重合を実施した。開始剤の組成を変更した以外、工程条件はすべて実施例Cと同様である。この実施例では、追加のTETMPを開始剤として使用した。R2及びR3の値はそれぞれ0.46だった。
上述のように3つの反応ゾーンを持つ管型反応器にて重合を実施した。反応器出口における変換されなかったエチレン及び他の気体様の成分は、高圧又は低圧のリサイクルを介して再利用され、図2に示すフロースキーム2に従って、昇圧器、一次及び過剰(二次)圧縮器を介して圧縮され、分配された。
以下の変更を伴って上記実施例Fの記載に従って重合を実行した。最後のピーク温度を310℃に上げ、CTAアセトンを使用し、メルトインデックスを3.5dg/分に下げた。R2及びR3の値はそれぞれ2.21だった。
以下の変更を伴って実施例1の上記記載に従って重合を実行した。この本発明の実施例では、ピーク温度をそれぞれ337/330/310℃に調整し、メルトインデックスを5dg/分に上げた。R2及びR3の値はそれぞれ2.19だった。
PG7004、PT7007及びPT7009はオートクレーブLDPEである。これらの実施例は、低い抽出可能性を有するが、本発明の実施例に比べて同じG’レベルではるかに高いMw(abs)を有する。本発明の実施例3とPT7007を比較し、本発明の実施例4とPT7004を比較すること。
温度設定に続いて表される設定温度特性:押出し機バレル−200℃/250℃/280℃/290℃/290℃/290℃;フランジ/アダプタ/配管−290℃(6ゾーン);及び金型−290℃×10ゾーンにて単層押出しコーティングを実施した。
Claims (5)
- エチレン系ポリマーであって、以下の特性:
(a)≧2.0dg/分のメルトインデックス(I2);
(b)Mw(abs)対I2の関係:Mw(abs)<A+B(I2)、式中A=2.40×105g/モル及びB=−8.00×103(g/モル)/(dg/分);
(c)G’ (G”=500Pa、170℃にて)対I2の関係:G’≧C+D(I2)、式中C=127.5Pa及びD=−1.25Pa/(dg/分)であり、前記G’は貯蔵弾性率を表し、前記G”は損失弾性率を表す;
(d)クロロホルム抽出物(Clext)対G’の関係:Clext.≦E+FG’、式中、E=0.20重量%及びF=0.060重量%/Pa;及び
(e)以下の関係:w<I+J(I2)、式中、I=0.080、及びJ=−4.00×10 −3 分/dgを満たす、「ポリマーの総重量を基にしてGPC(abs)によって決定される10 6 g/モルより大きい分子量の重量分画(w)」;を含み、
前記エチレン系ポリマーが、ポリエチレンホモポリマーであり、
前記ポリマーが、ポリマーの重量を基にして≦4.5重量%のヘキサン抽出可能レベルを有し、
前記ポリマーが、≧G+H(I2)の重量平均分子量Mw(abs)を有し、式中、G=1.60×105g/モル及びH=−8.00×103(g/モル)(dg/分)であり、
前記ポリマーが≦20g/10分のI2を有する、エチレン系ポリマー。 - 前記ポリマーが、エチレン系ポリマーのモノマー単位の総モルに基づいて30モルppm未満の架橋剤を含む請求項1に記載のエチレン系ポリマー。
- 請求項1または2に記載のエチレン系ポリマーを含む組成物。
- 前記組成物が、温度=290℃、コーティング重量=25g/m2及びライン速度=30m/分にて≦150mmの「ネックイン」を有する請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 請求項3又は4に記載の組成物から形成される少なくとも1つの成分を含む物品。
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