JP6245222B2 - 積層セラミックコンデンサの製造方法 - Google Patents
積層セラミックコンデンサの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6245222B2 JP6245222B2 JP2015114874A JP2015114874A JP6245222B2 JP 6245222 B2 JP6245222 B2 JP 6245222B2 JP 2015114874 A JP2015114874 A JP 2015114874A JP 2015114874 A JP2015114874 A JP 2015114874A JP 6245222 B2 JP6245222 B2 JP 6245222B2
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- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 33
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 rare earth metal ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004435 EPR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001422 barium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002909 rare earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
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- H01G4/12—Ceramic dielectrics
- H01G4/1209—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material
- H01G4/1218—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material based on titanium oxides or titanates
- H01G4/1227—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material based on titanium oxides or titanates based on alkaline earth titanates
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
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Description
以下にこの発明の実施形態を示して、この発明の特徴とするところをさらに詳しく説明する。
この発明の実施形態に係る積層セラミックコンデンサ10について、図1および図2を用いて説明する。図1は、積層セラミックコンデンサ10の外観を示す斜視図である。また、図2は、図1に示した積層セラミックコンデンサ10の幅方向の寸法Wのおよそ半分の位置において、幅方向に直交し、長さ方向の寸法Lおよび高さ方向の寸法Tが分かるような面(LT面)を露出させた断面図である。
次に、上記の積層セラミックコンデンサ10の製造方法について、製造工程順に説明する。
第1の工程は、BaおよびTiを含むペロブスカイト型化合物と、Re化合物と、Mn化合物と、Mg化合物と、Si化合物とを、前述の第1の条件を満たすように調合して、誘電体セラミック原料を作製する工程である。ただし、ReはY、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、ErおよびYbの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の元素である。また、上記のペロブスカイト型化合物のBa空孔の量aは、1.2×1015個/g≦a≦4.5×1015個/gである。また、さらに信頼性を向上させるために、上記の化合物に加えて、V化合物とAl化合物とを、前述の第2の条件を満たすようにさらに調合することが好ましい。
第2の工程は、第1の工程で得られた誘電体セラミック原料をスラリー化し、このスラリーをシート状に成形して、前述の誘電体セラミック層4となるグリーンシートを作製する工程である。誘電体セラミック原料のスラリー化は、通常、誘電体セラミック原料と、バインダーおよび可塑剤などの有機成分と、分散媒とを、第1の工程で用いたような各種の分散機を用いて混合することにより行なわれる。
第3の工程は、第2の工程で得られたグリーンシートの特定のものの各一方主面に、前述の内部電極5および内部電極6となる内部電極パターンを形成する工程である。内部電極パターンを構成する導電性材料は、Ni、Ni合金、Cu、およびCu合金などを用いることができる。通常は、NiまたはNi合金が用いられる。内部電極パターンは、通常、上記の導電性材料粉末を含む導電性ペーストを用いて、スクリーン印刷法や転写法により形成される。
第4の工程は、第3の工程で得られた内部電極パターンが形成されたグリーンシートと、内部電極パターンが形成されていないグリーンシートとを用いて、焼成前コンデンサ本体を作製する工程である。すなわち、内部電極パターンが形成されたグリーンシートを必要数積層するとともに、これらのグリーンシートを、内部電極パターンが形成されない適当数のグリーンシートによって挟んだ状態とする。なお、内部電極パターンが形成されたグリーンシートは、内部電極5となる内部電極パターンが形成されたものと、内部電極6となる内部電極パターンが形成されたものとが交互に配置されるように積層される。そして、積層したものを熱圧着することによって、焼成前コンデンサ本体が得られる。
第5の工程は、第4の工程で得られた焼成前コンデンサ本体を焼成し、コンデンサ本体1を得る工程である。焼成前コンデンサ本体を、必要に応じて脱脂した後、所定の還元性雰囲気中で所定の温度にて焼成し、焼結後のコンデンサ本体1を得る。焼成前コンデンサ本体の焼成は、バッチ式の焼成炉または連続式の焼成炉のいずれを用いてもよい。連続式の焼成炉では、炉内に脱脂ゾーンを設けることもできる。
次に、この発明を実験例に基づいてより具体的に説明する。これらの実験例は、この発明に係る積層セラミックコンデンサの誘電体セラミック層に含まれる元素の量の条件、または元素の量の好ましい条件を規定する根拠を与えるためのものでもある。実験例では、試料として、図1および図2に示すような積層セラミックコンデンサを作製した。
シュウ酸法によりBaTiO3粉末を合成するための原料としては、Ba(NO3)2粉末とTiCl4粉末とを用いた。それぞれの粉末を、Baの量のTiの量に対する比が1.000となるように秤量した後、蓚酸水溶液中で混合することにより、BaTiO(C2O4)・4H2O)として沈澱させた後、オーブンで乾燥させて沈殿物を得た。この沈澱物を1000℃以上の2通りの温度で加熱分解させて、表1に示すBaTiO3粉末A、Bを合成した。
原料番号1ないし39のセラミック誘電体原料粉末に、ポリビニルブチラール系バインダーおよびエタノールなどを加えて、PSZボールをメディアとしたボールミルにより湿式混合し、それぞれスラリー化した。得られた各セラミック誘電体原料粉末のスラリーを、ドクターブレード装置により、焼成後の誘電体セラミック層の厚みが2.0μmになるようにシート成形し、各セラミック誘電体原料のグリーンシートを得た。
上記のようにして作製した各セラミック誘電体原料のグリーンシートの特定のものに、導電性材料としてNi粉末を含む導電性ペーストを用いて、スクリーン印刷法により内部電極パターンを形成した。
内部電極パターンが形成されたグリーンシートを、互いに対向して複数の静電容量を構成するように積み重ね、さらにその上下面に内部電極パターンが形成されていないグリーンシートを適当数積み重ねた。それら複数のグリーンシートを積み重ねたもの熱圧着し、焼成前コンデンサ本体を得た。その際、熱圧着後の焼成前コンデンサ本体における、内部電極パターンが形成されていない部分の厚みが100μmとなるようにした。
上記のようにして作製した焼成前コンデンサ本体を、N2雰囲気中にて250℃で3時間保持し、脱脂を行なった。脱脂後の焼成前コンデンサ本体を、還元性雰囲気中において、1220℃以上1300℃以下の範囲内の所定の温度で2時間保持して焼成し、焼結したコンデンサ本体を得た。還元性雰囲気には、N2−H2−H2Oの混合ガスが用いられた。酸素分圧PO2は、上記の温度で内部電極に含まれるNiが酸化しない10-9MPaに設定された。
上記のようにして作製した試料番号1〜39の試料に係る積層セラミックコンデンサを、各試料で3個ずつ準備した。各試料に係る3個の積層セラミックコンデンサを、幅(W)方向が垂直方向に沿うような姿勢で保持し、試料の周りを樹脂で固め、試料の長さ(L)と、厚さ(T)により規定されるLT面を樹脂から露出させた。その後、研磨機により、各試料のLT面を研磨し、各試料の幅(W)方向の1/2程度の深さまで研磨を行った。そして、研磨による内部電極の延びをなくすために、イオンミリングにより、研磨表面を加工した。
上記のようにして作製した試料番号1〜39の試料に係る積層セラミックコンデンサ10を、各試料で50個ずつ準備した。各試料に係る50個の積層セラミックコンデンサについて、温度125℃で、電圧が25Vの直流電圧を印加した高温負荷試験を行ない、それらの抵抗値の経時変化を測定した。誘電体セラミック層に印加された電界強度は、上記で得られた誘電体セラミック層の厚さと印加電圧とから計算すると、12.5kV/mmとなる。
1 コンデンサ本体
2、3 外部電極
4 誘電体セラミック層
5、6 内部電極
7 コンデンサ本体の一方の端面
8 コンデンサ本体の他方の端面
Claims (2)
- 積層された複数の誘電体セラミック層と、前記誘電体セラミック層間の界面に沿って配置された複数の内部電極とをもって構成されるコンデンサ本体と、前記コンデンサ本体の外表面上の互いに異なる位置に配置され、かつ前記内部電極に電気的に接続される複数の外部電極と、を備える積層セラミックコンデンサの製造方法であって、
BaおよびTiを含み、かつBa空孔の量aが、1.2×1015個/g≦a≦4.5×1015個/gであるペロブスカイト型化合物と、Re化合物(ただし、ReはY、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、ErおよびYbの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の元素)と、Mn化合物と、Mg化合物と、Si化合物とを、元素の量をモル部で表した場合、Tiの量を1としたときに、
Reの量aが、0.0010≦a≦0.050、
Mnの量bが、0.0005≦b≦0.040、
Mgの量cが、0≦c≦0.030、
Siの量dが、0.0020≦d≦0.050、および
Baの量の、Tiの量に対する比mが、1.001≦m≦1.035
で表される第1の条件を満たすように調合して、誘電体セラミック原料を得る第1の工程と、
前記誘電体セラミック原料を含むグリーンシートを得る第2の工程と、
前記グリーンシートに、内部電極パターンを形成する第3の工程と、
前記内部電極パターンが形成されたグリーンシートを含む前記グリーンシートを積層し、焼成前コンデンサ本体を得る第4の工程と、
前記焼成前コンデンサ本体を焼成し、前記コンデンサ本体を得る第5の工程と、を含むことを特徴とする、積層セラミックコンデンサの製造方法。 - 前記第1の工程において、前記第1の条件に加えて、V化合物と、Al化合物とを、
Vの量eが、0.00010≦e≦0.0050、
Alの量fが、0.00010≦f≦0.0030
となる第2の条件をさらに満たすように調合して誘電体セラミック原料を得ることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の積層セラミックコンデンサの製造方法。
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