JP6218608B2 - 負極活物質及びその利用 - Google Patents
負極活物質及びその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6218608B2 JP6218608B2 JP2013551791A JP2013551791A JP6218608B2 JP 6218608 B2 JP6218608 B2 JP 6218608B2 JP 2013551791 A JP2013551791 A JP 2013551791A JP 2013551791 A JP2013551791 A JP 2013551791A JP 6218608 B2 JP6218608 B2 JP 6218608B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- negative electrode
- iron oxide
- lithium ion
- ion secondary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/523—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron for non-aqueous cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Description
(I-1) 非晶質酸化鉄、フェリハイドライト及びレピドクロサイトからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酸化鉄を含む負極活物質
(I-2) 前記酸化鉄が、鉄及び酸素を主成分とし、更にケイ素及び/又はリンを含有する、(I-1)に記載の負極活物質。
(I-3) 前記酸化鉄における鉄、ケイ素又はリンの元素比率が原子数%で60〜99.9:40〜0.1 (鉄及びケイ素又はリンの原子数%の合計を100とする)である、(I-1)又は(I-2)に記載の負極活物質。
(I-4) 前記酸化鉄における鉄、ケイ素、リンの元素比率が原子数%で66〜87:2〜27:1〜32 (鉄、ケイ素及びリンの原子数%の合計を100とする)である、(I-1)又は(I-2)に記載の負極活物質。
(I-5) 前記酸化鉄が鉄酸化細菌によって生成された酸化鉄である、(I-1)〜(I-4)のいずれか一項に記載の負極活物質。
(I-6) 前記酸化鉄が鉄バクテリア浄水法によって生じた凝集沈殿物から分離されたものである、(I-5)に記載の負極活物質。
(I-7) 前記鉄酸化細菌がレプトスリックス属(Leptothrix)に属する細菌である、(I-5)又は(I-6)に記載の負極活物質。
(I-8) 前記酸化鉄が非晶質である、(I-7)に記載の負極活物質。
(I-9) 前記鉄酸化細菌がレプトスリックス・コロディニ(Leptothrix cholodnii) OUMS1(NITE BP-860)である、(I-5)又は(I-6)に記載の負極活物質。
(I-10) 前記酸化鉄がフェリハイドライト及び/又はレピドクロサイトである、(I-9)に記載の負極活物質。
(I-11) 前記酸化鉄が0.1〜5重量%の炭素を含有する、(I-5)〜(I-10)のいずれか一項に記載の負極活物質。
(II-1) (I-1)〜(I-11)のいずれか一項に記載の負極活物質を構成成分として含むリチウムイオン2次電池用負極材。
(II-2) 前記負極活物質(a)に加えて導電助剤(b)と結着剤(c)を含む、(II-1)に記載のリチウムイオン2次電池用負極材。
(II-3) 前記導電助剤(b)が炭素粉末及び/又は炭素繊維であり、且つ前記結着剤(c)がフッ素樹脂である、(II-2)に記載のリチウムイオン2次電池用負極材。
(II-4) 前記負極活物質(a)を40〜90重量%、前記導電助剤(b)を5〜40重量%、前記結着剤(c)5〜20重量%含有する、(II-2)又は(II-3)に記載のリチウムイオン2次電池負極材。
(II-5) (II-1)〜(II-4)のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン2次電池用負極材を含むリチウムイオン2次電池用負極。
(III-1) (II-5)に記載のリチウムイオン2次電池用負極を備えたリチウムイオン2次電池。
本発明のフェリハイドライトの合成法としては、鉄化合物を次のように反応させることを例示できる。
本発明のケイ素及び/又はリンを含有する酸化鉄の合成法としては、鉄化合物、ケイ素化合物、リン化合物を次のように反応させることを例示できる。
鉄酸化細菌としては、非晶質酸化鉄、フェリハイドライト又はレピドクロサイトを形成するものであればよく、特に限定されるものではない。鉄酸化細菌としては、例えば、トキソシリックス属細菌(Toxothrix sp.)、レプトスリックス属細菌(Leptothrixsp.)、クレノシリックス属細菌(Crenothrix sp.)、クロノシリックス属細菌(Clonothrix sp.)、ガリオネラ属細菌(Gallionellasp.)、シデロカプサ属細菌(Siderocapsa sp.)、シデロコッカス属細菌(Siderococcus sp.)、シデロモナス属細菌(Sideromonassp.)、プランクトミセス属細菌(Planktomyces sp.)などを挙げることができる。
本発明のリチウムイオン2次電池用負極材は、上記の負極活物質を構成成分として含むことを特徴とする。
本発明のリチウムイオン2次電池は、上記リチウムイオン2次電池用負極を備えていることを特徴とする。以下に本発明のリチウムイオン2次電池の一例について説明する。
京都府城陽市の公共施設である文化パルク城陽に設置した鉄酸化細菌の培養槽からバイオジナス酸化鉄を含んだ地下水スラリーを回収した。この培養槽の優先種は鉄酸化細菌レプトスリックス・オクラセアであり、得られるバイオジナス酸化鉄は直径1μm程度のチューブ形状である。このスラリーに28%NH3水溶液を加えてpH10.5に調整し10分撹拌し、撹拌をとめて40分静置した。デカンテーションにより上澄みのみフィルターろ過し、4倍量の蒸留水で洗浄した。得られた含水ケーキをエタノールに分散し、15分撹拌した。懸濁液をフィルターろ過し、100℃で乾燥した。乾燥粉末をメノウ製乳鉢で30分粉砕し、これを活物質(活物質1)とした。
ケイ素やリンを含まない酸化鉄の合成はEggletonらの報告を参考にし、次の方法で作製した(R.A.Eggleton and R.W.Fitzpatrick, Clays Clay Miner. 36, 111-124(1988).)。0.025 mol/LのFe(NO3)3・9H2O (ナカライテスク、99.0%)水溶液を調製した。水溶液をスターラーで激しく撹拌しながらアンモニア水溶液(ナカライテスク、28wt%)をゆっくり滴下し、pH 10.0となったところで15 min放置した。遠心分離機(HITACHI、CT6EL型)を用いて3000 rpmの回転数で約10 min遠心分離し、上澄みを捨て蒸留水を加え攪拌した。この操作を電気伝導度が0になるまで繰り返した。得られた沈殿物を減圧下で乾燥し、粉砕してケイ素やリンを含まない酸化鉄を得た(活物質3)。
電極を作製するために、活物質として活物質1及び活物質2、導電助剤としてケッチェンブラック(ライオン株式会社)と気相成長カーボンファイバー(VGCF、昭和電工株式会社)を重量比7:3で混合したもの、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF、クレハ)を使用した。混合比は重量比で(バイオジナス酸化鉄):(導電助剤):(PVDF)=64:27:9とした。バイオジナス酸化鉄と導電助剤を所定の混合比で秤量し、ジルコニア製ボールミル容器とジルコニア製ボールを使用して、遊星ボールミル(フリッチュ,P-7)で400 rpm、24時間混合した。混合粉末に所定量のPVDF粉末を加え混合し、1-メチル-2-ピロリジノン(シグマアルドリッチ)を適量加えスラリー状にした。スラリーを50μmのドクターブレードで銅箔上に塗布し、塗布電極をφ15.95 mmに打抜いた。活物質1及び活物質2で作製した電極をそれぞれ電極1及び電極2と呼ぶ(L-BIOX及びOUMS1とも称する)。
[電極1,2及び1’の充放電特性評価]
電極1及び2の負極特性を調べるために、作製したコインセルの充放電測定を電圧範囲3.0-0V、電流密度33.3 mA/g (C/20)及び666 mA/g (1C)、定電流条件、25℃の条件で行った。充放電装置には東洋システム株式会社のTOSCAT-3100、北斗電工株式会社のHJ-1001 SD8、株式会社ナガノのBTS2004を用いた。図3、4に電極1の充放電曲線を示す。
[電極3〜6の充放電特性評価]
電極3〜6の負極特性を調べるために、作製したコインセルの充放電測定を電圧範囲3.0-0V、電流密度300 mA/g (図8)及び600 mA/g (図9)、定電流条件、50サイクル、25℃の条件で行った。
Claims (13)
- 非晶質酸化鉄、フェリハイドライト及びレピドクロサイトからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酸化鉄を含み、
該酸化鉄が、鉄及び酸素を主成分とし、更にケイ素及び/又はリンを含み、
該酸化鉄における鉄、ケイ素又はリンの元素比率が原子数%で60〜99.9:40〜0.1 (鉄及びケイ素又はリンの原子数%の合計を100とする)であるか、又は
該酸化鉄における鉄、ケイ素、リンの元素比率が原子数%で66〜87:2〜27:1〜32 (鉄、ケイ素及びリンの原子数%の合計を100とする)である、
リチウムイオン2次電池用負極活物質。 - 前記酸化鉄における鉄、ケイ素又はリンの元素比率が原子数%で70〜95:30〜5 (鉄及びケイ素又はリンの原子数%の合計を100とする)である、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記酸化鉄として、鉄酸化細菌によって生成された酸化鉄を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記酸化鉄が鉄バクテリア浄水法によって生じた凝集沈殿物から分離されたものである、請求項3に記載の製造方法。
- 前記鉄酸化細菌がレプトスリックス属(Leptothrix)に属する細菌である、請求項3又は4に記載の製造方法。
- 前記鉄酸化細菌がレプトスリックス・コロディニ(Leptothrix cholodnii) OUMS1(NITE BP-860)である、請求項3又は4に記載の製造方法。
- 前記酸化鉄が0.1〜5重量%の炭素を含有する、請求項3〜6のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の負極活物質を構成成分として含むリチウムイオン2次電池用負極材。
- 前記負極活物質に加えて導電助剤と結着剤を含む、請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン2次電池用負極材。
- 前記導電助剤が炭素粉末及び/又は炭素繊維であり、且つ前記結着剤がフッ素樹脂である、請求項9に記載のリチウムイオン2次電池用負極材。
- 前記負極活物質を40〜90重量%、前記導電助剤を5〜40重量%、前記結着剤を5〜20重量%含有する、請求項9又は10に記載のリチウムイオン2次電池負極材。
- 請求項8〜11のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン2次電池用負極材を含むリチウムイオン2次電池用負極。
- 請求項12に記載のリチウムイオン2次電池用負極を備えたリチウムイオン2次電池。
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JP3489771B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-23 | 2004-01-26 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | リチウム電池およびリチウム電池の製造法 |
JPH11283626A (ja) | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-15 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池用負極材料及びそれを用いたリチウム二次電池 |
JP3452505B2 (ja) | 1999-04-02 | 2003-09-29 | ダイヤニトリックス株式会社 | 抄紙用粘剤、抄紙方法および紙 |
JP2000340256A (ja) * | 1999-05-31 | 2000-12-08 | Kansai Research Institute | 水系リチウムイオン電池 |
JP2002151068A (ja) * | 2000-04-19 | 2002-05-24 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法並びにそれを備えた非水電解質二次電池 |
JP3942920B2 (ja) | 2002-03-05 | 2007-07-11 | ダイヤニトリックス株式会社 | ノニオン性抄紙用粘剤 |
JP4458230B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-02 | 2010-04-28 | 戸田工業株式会社 | 正極活物質及びその製造法、該正極活物質を用いた二次電池 |
JP4485233B2 (ja) | 2004-03-25 | 2010-06-16 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 鞘状酸化鉄粒子の生産方法、及びその利用 |
JP4967352B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-27 | 2012-07-04 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 非水電解質電気化学セル用活物質およびその製造方法並びにそれを備えた非水電解質電気化学セル |
JP5082095B2 (ja) | 2007-01-18 | 2012-11-28 | 国立大学法人 岡山大学 | 正極活物質およびその利用 |
JP5818690B2 (ja) | 2009-12-15 | 2015-11-18 | 国立大学法人 岡山大学 | 酸化物の生成能を有する新規微生物 |
JP5299973B2 (ja) | 2009-12-25 | 2013-09-25 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | リチウム−空気電池 |
JP5550073B2 (ja) | 2010-06-11 | 2014-07-16 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 固体電解質膜・空気極用電解液間に陽イオン交換膜を具備するリチウム−空気電池 |
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2012
- 2012-12-27 EP EP12863860.8A patent/EP2800177A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-27 JP JP2013551791A patent/JP6218608B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-12-27 KR KR1020147018469A patent/KR101738853B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-12-27 US US14/369,507 patent/US9595715B2/en active Active
- 2012-12-27 WO PCT/JP2012/083866 patent/WO2013100050A1/ja active Application Filing
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KR101738853B1 (ko) | 2017-05-23 |
EP2800177A4 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
US20140361226A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
WO2013100050A1 (ja) | 2013-07-04 |
EP2800177A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
KR20140116397A (ko) | 2014-10-02 |
US9595715B2 (en) | 2017-03-14 |
JPWO2013100050A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
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