JP6192146B2 - リチウム電極及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム電極及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6192146B2 JP6192146B2 JP2016527953A JP2016527953A JP6192146B2 JP 6192146 B2 JP6192146 B2 JP 6192146B2 JP 2016527953 A JP2016527953 A JP 2016527953A JP 2016527953 A JP2016527953 A JP 2016527953A JP 6192146 B2 JP6192146 B2 JP 6192146B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- electrode
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- carbonate
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 143
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 116
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical group O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-caprolactone Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1C LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1OC(=O)OC1C LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013210 LiNiMnCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012305 LiPON Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1COC(=O)O1 AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Description
(1)正極の製造
正極活物質としてLiCoO2、導電材としてスーパーP及びバインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVDF)が、それぞれ95重量%、2.5重量%及び2.5重量%からなる正極活物質スラリーを製造した後、前記正極活物質スラリーをアルミニウム集電体上に塗布した後、乾燥することで正極を製造した。
(2)負極の製造
気孔の平均大きさが400μmであり、気孔度が90%である銅フォームの集電体上にリチウムホイルを載せた後、ロールプレスによって前記銅フォームの気孔に挿入して電極複合体を製造した。この際、リチウム金属は、電極複合体の重量に対して5重量%となるようにした。その後、前記電極複合体上に5μm厚さのポリビニリデンフルオライド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレンのリチウムイオン伝導性保護膜を形成することで、負極を製造した。
(3)リチウム二次電池の製造
前記製造された正極と負極との間に、ポリプロピレン系多孔性膜を挟めた電極組立体をパウチ型の電池ケースに挿入した後、前記電池ケースに非水電解液(1M LiPF6、EC:EMC=3:7(体積比))を注入した上、完全に密封することでリチウム二次電池を製造した。
負極として、電極複合体の重量に対して10重量%のリチウム金属が含まれた電極複合体が適用された負極を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
負極として、電極複合体の重量に対して20重量%のリチウム金属が含まれた電極複合体が適用された負極を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
負極として、電極複合体の重量に対して30重量%のリチウム金属が含まれた電極複合体が適用された負極を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
負極として、電極複合体の重量に対して50重量%のリチウム金属が含まれた電極複合体が適用された負極を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
負極として、リチウムイオン伝導性保護膜が形成されていない電極複合体のみを用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
負極として、銅フォームではない一般の銅集電体に、リチウムホイルと、5μm厚さのポリビニリデンフルオライド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレンのリチウムイオン伝導性保護膜とが順次積層されたものを用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
負極として、銅フォームではない一般の銅ホイル集電体にリチウムホイルが積層されたものを用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例及び比較例で製造されたリチウム二次電池に対し、0.1C電流密度の充電及び0.1C電流密度の放電を繰り返しながら、電池の短絡が起こる時点を測定し、下記の表1に示した。
11 集電体
12 リチウムホイル
13,130 リチウムイオン伝導性保護膜
110 多孔性金属集電体
120 リチウム金属
Claims (14)
- 多孔性の金属集電体、及び前記金属集電体に形成された気孔に充填されたリチウム金属を含む電極複合体と、
前記電極複合体の少なくとも一面にコーティングされて形成されたリチウムイオン伝導性保護膜と、を含み、
前記リチウム金属は、前記電極複合体の全体重量を基準に1〜50重量%であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用リチウム電極。 - 前記金属集電体は、銅、ニッケル、鉄、クロム、亜鉛及びステンレススチールからなる群より選択されるいずれか一種、またはこれらの二種以上の混合物で形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用リチウム電極。
- 前記金属集電体の気孔度は、50〜99%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用リチウム電極。
- 前記気孔の大きさは、5〜500μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用リチウム電極。
- 前記金属集電体は、金属メッシュまたは金属フォームであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用リチウム電極。
- 前記リチウムイオン伝導性保護膜は、ポリエチレンオキサイド(PEO)、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、ポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVDF)、ポリビニリデンフルオライド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(PVDF−co−HFP)、LiPON、Li3N、LixLa1−xTiO3(0<x<1)及びLi2S−GeS−Ga2S3からなる群より選択されるいずれか一種、またはこれらの二種以上の混合物からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用リチウム電極。
- 前記リチウムイオン伝導性保護膜の厚さは、0.01〜50μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用リチウム電極。
- 正極、負極及び前記正極と前記負極との間に介されたセパレーターを含む電極組立体と、
前記電極組立体を収容する電池ケースと、
前記電池ケースに内蔵され、前記電極組立体を含浸する非水電解液と、を含むリチウム二次電池であって、
前記負極は、請求項1乃至7のうちいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用リチウム電極であるリチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極は、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMn2O4、LiCoPO4、LiFePO4、LiNiMnCoO2及びLiNi1−x−y−zCoxM1yM2zO2(M1及びM2は、相互独立的にAl、Ni、Co、Fe、Mn、V、Cr、Ti、W、Ta、Mg及びMoからなる群より選択されるいずれか一種であり、x、y及びzは、相互独立的に酸化物組成元素の原子分率であって、0≦x<0.5、0≦y<0.5、0≦z<0.5、x+y+z≦1である)からなる群より選択されるいずれか一種、またはこれらの二種以上の混合物である正極活物質を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記セパレーターは、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブチレン、ポリペンテン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル、ポリアセタール、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリフェニレンスルファイド、及びポリエチレンナフタレートからなる群より選択されるいずれか一種、またはこれらの二種以上の混合物からなる多孔性基材であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液は、有機溶媒及び電解質塩を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記有機溶媒は、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、1,2−ブチレンカーボネート、2,3−ブチレンカーボネート、1,2−ペンチレンカーボネート、2,3−ペンチレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジプロピルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、メチルプロピルカーボネート、エチルプロピルカーボネート、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、ジプロピルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、メチルプロピルエーテル、エチルプロピルエーテル、メチルアセテート、エチルアセテート、プロピルアセテート、メチルプロピオネート、エチルプロピオネート、プロピルプロピオネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、γ−カプロラクトン、σ−バレロラクトン及びε−カプロラクトンからなる群より選択されるいずれか一種、またはこれらの二種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解質塩は、陰イオンとして、F−、Cl−、Br−、I−、NO3−、N(CN)2−、BF4−、ClO4−、PF6−、(CF3)2PF4−、(CF3)3PF3−、(CF3)4PF2−、(CF3)5PF−、(CF3)6P−、CF3SO3−、CF3CF2SO3−、(CF3SO2)2N−、(FSO2)2N−、CF3CF2(CF3)2CO−、(CF3SO2)2CH−、(SF5)3C−、(CF3SO2)3C−、CF3(CF2)7SO3−、CF3CO2−、CH3CO2−、SCN−及び(CF3CF2SO2)2N−からなる群より選択されるいずれか一種、またはこれらの二種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池ケースは、円筒状、角形、パウチ型またはコイン型であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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KR20140137362A (ko) * | 2012-03-22 | 2014-12-02 | 스미토모덴키고교가부시키가이샤 | 집전체용 3차원 그물 형상 금속 다공체 및 전극 그리고 비수 전해질 2차 전지 |
CN102610830B (zh) | 2012-03-26 | 2015-03-04 | 龙能科技(苏州)有限公司 | 锂离子电池 |
US20140272558A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Electrode for a lithium-based secondary electrochemical device and method of forming same |
KR101621412B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-11 | 2016-05-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 전극 및 그를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
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CN105074968B (zh) | 2017-12-08 |
US9711798B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
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KR20150030156A (ko) | 2015-03-19 |
CN105074968A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
WO2015037867A1 (ko) | 2015-03-19 |
EP2942828A1 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
JP2016527679A (ja) | 2016-09-08 |
EP2942828A4 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
EP2942828B1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
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KR101621410B1 (ko) | 2016-05-16 |
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