JP6033249B2 - Led用低光学損失電極構造体 - Google Patents
Led用低光学損失電極構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6033249B2 JP6033249B2 JP2014041575A JP2014041575A JP6033249B2 JP 6033249 B2 JP6033249 B2 JP 6033249B2 JP 2014041575 A JP2014041575 A JP 2014041575A JP 2014041575 A JP2014041575 A JP 2014041575A JP 6033249 B2 JP6033249 B2 JP 6033249B2
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 116
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019899 RuO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 47
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 35
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000980 Aluminium gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004541 SiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052950 sphalerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
の値は1.0以上である。発光半導体材料としては、例えば、AlGaAs、AlInGaP、AlInGaN及び/またはGaAsPが含まれてもよい。他の材料が同様に適切である可能性もある。
てもよい。
入射角の関数としての光反射率曲線は、2つの成分、即ちP偏光の光とS偏光の光とを有する。P偏光の光はブルースターの角を経験し、S偏光の光より低い全体反射率を有する。
小限に抑えることである。LED半導体材料への電気接続が唯一の考慮事項であれば、接続の幅は約数ミクロンオーダーの極めて狭いものにすることができる。しかしながら、重要な考慮事項は、断面積の低減によって生じる望ましくない電気抵抗の上昇がある。高電力用途では、電極は1アンペア以上の電流を運ぶ場合がある。これは、電気抵抗を最小化するために、幅(W)×厚さ(T)の断面積がほぼ最小値になることを必要とする。従って、他の方法で電極の抵抗増加を補償することなく単に電極の接続面積または幅を減らすことはできない。
するP偏光の光は、曲線152が示すように、47゜付近で反射率曲線に深い窪みを有する。この窪みは、S偏光及びP偏光の光の平均を表す曲線151が示すように、全体的な反射率を大きく下げる。従って、1/4λの誘電体層の使用は、LED電極による光吸収という課題に対する適切な解決策ではない。
る。但し、SiO2層の厚さは1と3/4λ以下である。1/16λのSiO2では、内部全反射の影響はなく、反射率はSiO2層が無い場合より僅かに悪い。1/4λのSiO2でもまだTIRの影響はなく、反射率は劇的に悪くなる。1/2λのSiO2では大きい入射角で内部全反射が発生するが、約38゜で反射率に非常に深い窪みが発生する。1と3/4λでは、大きい入射角で内部全反射が発生し、反射率に著しい窪みは生じない。TIRは1/2λのSiO2で始まることから、「厚い」誘電体という用語は1/2λ以上の厚さの全ての誘電体を指す。
を基礎とする従来の光コーティングの場合のように決定的に重要ではなくなる。これは、製造プロセスにおいてより大きい許容度をもたらす。図12Cはこれを示す。図12Cは、一方が1.75λであり他方が1.85λである2つの異なる厚さの厚い誘電体の反射率曲線を示している。内部全反射の角度は、変わらない。
属層は、曲線1955が示すように最良の反射率を有する。
約1.75λまたは1.75λを超える厚さを有してもよい。
域に比較して、図21Bの方法に類似する方法で縮小されている。この場合もやはり、ボンドパッド1219とその下に配置される半導体材料1280との間には、2つの厚い誘電体層1204及び1283を形成することができる。同様に、ボンドパッド1217及び1218と切欠き1281の半導体材料1201との間には、厚い誘電体層1202を形成することができる。
Claims (20)
- 半導体材料と接続する電極構造体であって、
金属電極と、
前記金属電極と前記半導体材料の表面との間に配置された、穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域と、
前記金属電極と前記半導体材料との間にオーム接触を確立する光透過性オーム接触層と、を備え、
前記金属電極が、一つまたは複数の前記光透過性オーム接触層と前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域とによって、前記半導体材料の前記表面から物理的に離隔されており、
前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料と前記金属電極の周縁部分との両方が、前記光透過性オーム接触層と直接的に接続するように、前記電極構造体と前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料層とが相対的に配置されている、電極構造体。 - 第1の平面を有する半導体材料と、
金属電極と、
前記金属電極と前記半導体材料の表面との間に配置された、穿孔されていない誘電体材料層と、
前記金属電極と前記半導体材料との間にオーム接触を確立する光透過性オーム接触層と、を備え、
前記金属電極が、一つまたは複数の前記光透過性オーム接触層と前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域とによって、前記半導体材料の前記表面から物理的に離隔されており、
前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料と前記金属電極の周縁部分との両方が、前記光透過性オーム接触層と直接的に接続するように、前記電極構造体と前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料層とが相対的に配置されている、発光ダイオードチップ。 - 前記光透過性オーム接触層が、酸化インジウムスズ、酸化ニッケル、及びRuO2から成るグループより選択される少なくとも1つの材料を含む、請求項1に記載の電極構造体。
- 前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域が、1以上の屈折率であり、前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域が形成される部分の前記半導体材料の屈折率よりも小さい屈折率を有する、請求項1に記載の電極構造体。
- 前記半導体材料内に形成されたPN接合をさらに備え、
前記PN接合が、前記PN接合全体にわたるポテンシャルに応じた光を生成することが可能であり、前記PN接合により生成された前記光が、前記光透過性オーム接触層を通じて放出される、請求項1に記載の電極構造体。 - 前記金属電極が、前記半導体材料の前記表面に面している反射層を備える、請求項1に記載の電極構造体。
- 前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域が、多孔性のシリコン酸化物を含み、穿孔されていないシリコン酸化物よりも低い屈折率を有する、請求項1に記載の電極構造体。
- 前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域が、前記半導体材料から放出される光の波長の少なくとも1/2の厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の電極構造体。
- 前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域が、前記半導体材料から放出される光の波長の1/2から1と3/4の間の厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の電極構造体。
- 前記金属電極が、前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域と、金を含む金属ボンディング領域との間に配置されたレニウムの層を含む、請求項1に記載の電極構造体。
- 前記光透過性オーム接触層が多孔性の酸化インジウムスズを含む、請求項1に記載の電極構造体。
- 前記光透過性オーム接触層が、酸化インジウムスズ、酸化ニッケル、及びRuO2から成るグループより選択される少なくとも1つの材料を含む、請求項2に記載の発光ダイオードチップ。
- 前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域が、1以上の屈折率であり、前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域が形成される部分の前記半導体材料の屈折率よりも小さい屈折率を有する、請求項2に記載の発光ダイオードチップ。
- 前記半導体材料内に形成されたPN接合をさらに備え、
前記PN接合が、前記PN接合全体にわたるポテンシャルに応じた光を生成することが可能であり、前記PN接合により生成された前記光が、前記光透過性オーム接触層を通じて放出される、請求項2に記載の発光ダイオードチップ。 - 前記金属電極が、前記半導体材料の前記表面に面している反射層を備える、請求項2に記載の発光ダイオードチップ。
- 前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域が、多孔性のシリコン酸化物を含み、穿孔されていないシリコン酸化物よりも低い屈折率を有する、請求項2に記載の発光ダイオードチップ。
- 前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域が、前記半導体材料から放出される光の波長の少なくとも1/2の厚さを有する、請求項2に記載の発光ダイオードチップ。
- 前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域が、前記半導体材料から放出される光の波長の1/2から1と3/4の間の厚さを有する、請求項2に記載の発光ダイオードチップ。
- 前記金属電極が、前記穿孔されていない誘電体材料領域と、金を含む金属ボンディング領域との間に配置されたレニウムの層を含む、請求項2に記載の発光ダイオードチップ。
- 前記光透過性オーム接触層が多孔性の酸化インジウムスズを含む、請求項2に記載の発光ダイオードチップ。
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