JP6019113B2 - 3次元物体を線形凝固を用いて形成するための装置および方法 - Google Patents
3次元物体を線形凝固を用いて形成するための装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Description
この出願は、2012年2月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号第61/598,666号および2011年6月28日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号第61/502,020号の利益を請求し、これらの米国仮特許出願の各々は全文、参照により援用される。
この開示は、3次元物体を製造するための装置および方法に関し、より具体的には、このような物体を形成するよう線形凝固を用いるための装置および方法に関する。
3次元ラピッドプロトタイピングおよびマニュファクチャリングは、高精度で部品の迅速かつ正確な製造を可能にする。このような技術を用いると、機械加工ステップが低減または除去され得るとともに、部品の中には、製造に用いられる材料に依存して、それらの正規の製造相当物と機能的に均等となり得るものがある。
詳細な説明
図面は、3次元物体を凝固可能材料から製造するための装置および方法の例を示す。上記に基づき、本願明細書において用いられる用語は単純に簡便さのためであり、本発明を説明するよう用いられる用語は、当業者によってもっとも広い意味が与えられるべきであるということが一般的に理解されるべきである。
式中、Nmax=構築エンベロープ内においてx軸方向での線走査動作の最大回数であり
L=x軸方向における構築エンベロープの所望の長さ(mm)であり、
S=x軸方向における凝固エネルギー源の移動の速度(mm/sec)であり、
RPM=回転エネルギーデフレクタの回転数(回転/分)であり、
F=回転エネルギーデフレクタ上のファセットの数である。
式(2)では、境界からのステップの数は、構築エンベロープ境界343にて開始され、左から右に移動して数えられるか、または構築エンベロープ境界345にて開始され右から左に移動して数えられるモータステップの数を指す。ある長さを有する特定の3次元物体レイヤーは、構築エンベロープ342内で行われるある回数の線形走査によって形成され得る。
式中、
誤差は、切替遅延時間による部分寸法における最大変動(μm)であり、
LBEは、走査(y)軸方向における構築エンベロープ距離(mm)であり、
RPMは、回転エネルギーデフレクタ92の回転数(回転/分)であり、
Fは、回転エネルギーデフレクタ92上のファセットの数であり、
ttoggle lagは、マイクロプロセッサが凝固エネルギー源の状態を切り替えるのに必要な時間である。
式中、ΔCPUチックは、中心点CPUチックから古いCPUチックを減算することによって計算され、Cは無次元常数である。「中心点CPUチック」という変数は、凝固エネルギーが中心点に当たるCPUチックの数を指す。一般に、走査軸方向に沿った全走査線の中点に対応する。
式中yoldは、(数学的または図解的に)3次元物体のスライス302iを構築エンベロープ上に配置することにより決定されるようにエネルギー付加状態が変化するy軸基準位置に対するy軸位置(たとえば、図16(c)における境界344)であり、
ycenter pointは、y軸基準位置(たとえば、図16(c)における境界344)に対する中心点の位置であり、
ynewは、エネルギー付加状態が変化する新しい修正されたy軸値であり、
Cは無次元常数である。
式中、d(1,m)は、コンピュータメモリインデックスmの所与の値でのレイヤー1についてのストリングデータである。
式中、ステップは、構築エンベロープX軸境界から、インデックス値nを有する線走査が行われる位置までのモータステップの数であり、
Wは、単位がステップ/mmである、x軸方向における単位長さあたりのモータ76についてのモータステップの比であり、
Sは、単位がmm/秒である、モータ76の速度であり、
RPMは、単位が毎分回転数である、回転エネルギーデフレクタの回転数であり、
Fは、回転エネルギーデフレクタ上のファセットの数である。
(7) ステップにおける修正される構築エンベロープ長=ステップ(予測)+ステップオフセット
(8) Wcorrected=単位がステップ/Lである、修正構築エンベロープ長
式中、ΔLは、テストパーツレイヤーの第1および第2のセット同士の間の測定されたオフセット寸法(mm)であり、ΔLの正の値は、左から右のレイヤーが右から左のレイヤーに対して左側にオフセットしていることを示し、ΔLの負の数は、右から左のレイヤーが右から左のレイヤーに対して右にオフセットしていることを示しており、
Wは、Wのオリジナルの予測値(ステップ/mm)であり、
Lは構築エンベロープ長(mm)であり、
ステップ(予測)は、モータ回転数、ギア比、およびW*Lに等しい(Lは単位がmmである構築エンベロープ長)プーリ径に基づき、構築エンベロープ長Lに対応すると予測されるオリジナルのステップの数であり、
Wcorrectedは、Wの修正された値である。
式中、s=y軸方向における凝固エネルギービームの進行の速度(たとえばcm/sec)であり、
l=進行の最大長さ(たとえばcm)であり、
Δtmax=凝固エネルギーセンサによって生成される連続する感知される凝固エネルギー信号同士の間の経過時間(たとえば秒)。
式中、y=y軸の始点に対する、凝固可能材料に沿った凝固エネルギービームのy軸位置(たとえばcm)であり、
s=式(1)からの凝固エネルギービームの進行の速度であり、
Δt=センサからの前回の凝固エネルギー信号からの経過時間である。
式中、Ls=センサの感知エリアの線形距離であり、
LBE=走査(y)軸方向における構築エンベロープの長さ(すなわち全走査の線形長さ)であり、
RPM=回転エネルギーデフレクタ92の回転速度(回転/分)であり、
F=回転エネルギーデフレクタ92上のファセットの数である。
式中、Iは、供給された凝固エネルギーの強度(たとえば、ワット/ピクセル)であり、積分は露出時間期間Δtに亘って行われる。
Claims (7)
- 3次元物体を光硬化可能樹脂から形成するための装置であって、
光硬化可能樹脂源と、
第1の方向に移動可能であるとともに、回転多角形ミラーに光学的に連通する選択的に活性化および非活性化が可能な紫外線レーザダイオードを含む線形凝固装置を含み、
前記紫外線レーザダイオードは、前記線形凝固装置が第1の軸に沿って移動する際に、回転多角形ミラーへ凝固エネルギーを照射し、前記紫外線レーザダイオードが前記回転多角形ミラーに凝固エネルギーを照射する際、前記回転多角形ミラーは前記凝固エネルギーを走査軸に沿って走査し、
前記回転多角形ミラーと前記光硬化可能樹脂源との間に少なくとも1つのレンズをさらに含み、前記少なくとも1つのレンズは約380nm〜約420nmの範囲の波長を有する入射光の少なくとも95%を透過するように反射防止コーティングでコーティングされる、装置。 - 前記少なくとも1つのレンズは第1および第2のF−θレンズであり、前記第1のF−θレンズは前記回転多角形ミラーと前記第2のF−θレンズとの間に存在し、前記第1のF−θレンズは入射面と透過面とを有し、前記第2のF−θレンズは入射面と透過面とを有し、前記第1のF−θレンズの透過面の曲率半径は、前記第2のF−θレンズの透過面の曲率半径よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 3次元物体を光硬化可能樹脂から形成するための装置であって、
光硬化可能樹脂源と、
第1の方向に移動可能であるとともに、回転多角形ミラーに光学的に連通する選択的に活性化および非活性化が可能な紫外線レーザダイオードを含む線形凝固装置を含み、
前記紫外線レーザダイオードは、前記線形凝固装置が第1の軸に沿って移動する際に、回転多角形ミラーへ凝固エネルギーを照射し、前記紫外線レーザダイオードが前記回転多角形ミラーに凝固エネルギーを照射する際、前記回転多角形ミラーは前記凝固エネルギーを走査軸に沿って走査し、
前記回転多角形ミラーと凝固エネルギーセンサとに光学的に連通するミラーをさらに含み、前記紫外線レーザダイオードが同期動作の間に前記回転多角形ミラーに凝固エネルギーを照射する際、凝固エネルギーが前記回転多角形ミラーから前記ミラーに偏向され、偏向された前記凝固エネルギーは前記ミラーから反射し、前記ミラーから前記センサに送られる、装置。 - 前記凝固エネルギーセンサに送られる光を受け取るとともにフィルタリングするよう位置決めされるニュートラルデンシティフィルタをさらに含む、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記回転多角形ミラーは回転面内で回転可能であり、前記装置は構築エンベロープをさらに含み、前記構築エンベロープは、照射された凝固エネルギーが前記回転多角形ミラーからその中へと偏向され得る前記光硬化可能樹脂の部分であり、回転面における前記回転多角形ミラーの回転位置は、前記構築エンベロープ内の走査方向に沿った、偏向された凝固エネルギーの位置を規定しており、前記凝固エネルギーセンサが偏向された凝固エネルギーを受け取る際、前記回転多角形ミラーの回転位置は、前記構築エンベロープの境界に対応する、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 3次元物体を光硬化可能樹脂から形成するための装置であって、
光硬化可能樹脂源と、
第1の方向に移動可能であるとともに、回転多角形ミラーに光学的に連通する選択的に活性化および非活性化が可能な紫外線レーザダイオードを含む線形凝固装置を含み、
前記紫外線レーザダイオードは、前記線形凝固装置が第1の軸に沿って移動する際に、回転多角形ミラーへ凝固エネルギーを照射し、前記紫外線レーザダイオードが前記回転多角形ミラーに凝固エネルギーを照射する際、前記回転多角形ミラーは前記凝固エネルギーを走査軸に沿って走査し、
前記紫外線レーザダイオードと前記回転多角形ミラーとの間にコリメートレンズをさらに含み、
前記コリメートレンズは、反射防止コーティングによってコーティングされて、当該コーティングされたコリメートレンズは、約380nmから約420nmの範囲の波長を有する入射光の少なくとも95%を透過する、装置。 - 円柱レンズをさらに備え、前記コリメートレンズは、前記紫外線レーザダイオードと前記円柱レンズとの間に配置されて、前記円柱レンズは反射防止コーティングによってコーティングされる、請求項6に記載の装置。
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