JP5970378B2 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5970378B2 JP5970378B2 JP2012555492A JP2012555492A JP5970378B2 JP 5970378 B2 JP5970378 B2 JP 5970378B2 JP 2012555492 A JP2012555492 A JP 2012555492A JP 2012555492 A JP2012555492 A JP 2012555492A JP 5970378 B2 JP5970378 B2 JP 5970378B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catholyte
- fuel cell
- porous member
- active surface
- redox
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
- B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
- B01F23/2312—Diffusers
- B01F23/23123—Diffusers consisting of rigid porous or perforated material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
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- B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
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- H01M50/70—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/0404—Technical information in relation with mixing theories or general explanations of phenomena associated with mixing or generalizations of a concept by comparison of equivalent methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
- B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
- B01F23/2312—Diffusers
- B01F23/23126—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element
- B01F23/231264—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element being in the form of plates, flat beams, flat membranes or films
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Description
イオン選択性ポリマー電解質膜によって分離されたアノードおよびカソードと;
電池のアノード領域に燃料を供給するための手段と;
電池のカソード領域に酸化剤を供給するための手段と;
電池のアノードおよびカソードのそれぞれの間に電気回路を設けるための手段と;
少なくとも1種のカソード液成分を含み、酸化還元メディエーター対を含むカソード溶液と;
カソード液チャネル、および活性表面を有する多孔質部材を含む再生ゾーンとを含み、このカソード液チャネルは、活性表面に隣接してまたはこの活性表面に向かってカソード溶液の流れの方向を定めるように配置されており、電池に酸化剤を供給するための手段が、多孔質部材に酸化剤を供給するように適合されている、
酸化還元燃料電池が提供される。
によるカソード領域(スタック)と再生ゾーン(再生器)との間と特徴付けることができ、酸化還元触媒の存在および機能は任意選択であると理解すべきである。
イオン選択性ポリマー電解質膜により分離されたアノードおよびカソードを設けるステップ;
少なくとも1種のカソード液成分を含み、酸化還元メディエーター対を含んでいるカソード溶液を提供するステップ;および
カソード液チャネル、および活性表面を有する多孔質部材を含む、再生ゾーンを設けるステップ;
カソード溶液の流れを、カソード液チャネルを用いて活性表面に隣接させてまたは活性表面に向けて方向を定めるステップ;
酸化剤を、再生ゾーンの多孔質部材に供給するステップ;
燃料を、電池のアノード領域に供給するステップ;
電池のアノードおよびカソードのそれぞれの間に電気回路を設けるステップ
を含む、酸化還元燃料電池を動作させるための方法が提供される。
a)多孔質部材は、5から100ミクロン、またはより好ましくは20から50ミクロンの平均直径を有する細孔を含み;
b)活性表面の少なくとも一部は、親水性材料で形成されまたはコーティングされ;かつ/または
c)多孔質部材の少なくとも一部は、活性表面を除き疎水性材料で形成されている、
カソード液再生システムも提供される。
− 液体と固体基材との間の相互作用、γls、[mN/m];
− 液体と気体(即ち、空気)との間の相互作用、γlg、[mN/m];および
− 固体基材と気体(即ち、空気)との間の相互作用、γsg、[mN/m]
がある。
は、穴のサイズとは無関係であるが、下式
のように表すことができる。上式で、Fは、穴を通過する気体の流量であり、rbは泡の半径である。これは、泡が小さくなるほど成長速度が速くなることを示唆しており、このことは、直径30ミクロンの単一の穴を通る泡の急速な成長を示す図1から明らかにわかる。
によって与えられる。
のように式(2)を単一変数hに変換することが可能である。
上式で、γは、液/気界面張力である。
p0V0=p1V1 式(7)
によって与えられる。
の形を取る関係が与えられる。上式で、δは穴の長さ/深さ(即ち、基材の厚さ)であり、r0は、そこを通って泡が形成される穴の半径であり、rbは最終的な泡のサイズである。
− 圧力のピークおよびトラフを引き起こす、スピーカーなどの可聴周波数アクチュエーターの使用;
− 気体が流れたときに穴の後方を開放し閉鎖することができる柔軟な膜;および
− 成長の膨張段階中に流れを制限するオリフィスプレートの使用
を含む、いくつかの代替経路が考慮された。
− 基材の所定の位置に、所定の幅の穴を穿孔するステップと
を含む、微細な泡を発生させるためのデバイスを製造する方法が開示される。
− 穴に液体を供給するステップ;および
− 各穴の気体入口を介して穴の内部に気体を送り出すステップ
を含む、微細な泡を発生させる方法も開示される。
F=気体の流量=泡における体積の変化率=dV/dt
ri=気体入口の穴の半径
rb=泡の半径
ro=気体出口の穴の半径
Pi=気体の入口圧力
Pb=泡の内部の圧力
ΔP=オリフィス圧力降下
ΔPb=泡の両端間での圧力降下=内圧−外圧
ΔPp=液体流圧力降下
lp=液体の流れの特徴的寸法
R=パイプ流の半径
d=パイプ流の直径
cd=オリフィス放出係数
t=時間
dU/dy=液体の歪み率=速度プロファイル
Ax=オリフィス断面積
ρ=気体密度
γ=界面張力
τ=粘性剪断応力
μ=液体粘度
π=3.1415927
である。
O2+4Spred+4H+→2H2O+4Spox
に従って、酸素を還元するための触媒として使用される。
Claims (20)
- 酸化還元燃料電池であって、
イオン選択性ポリマー電解質膜によって分離されたアノードおよびカソードと;
電池のアノード領域に燃料を供給するための手段と;
電池のカソード領域に酸化剤を供給するための手段と;
電池のアノードおよびカソードのそれぞれの間に電気回路を設けるための手段と;
少なくとも1種のカソード液成分を含み、酸化還元メディエーター対を含むカソード溶液と;
カソード液チャネル、および活性表面を有する多孔質部材を含む再生ゾーンとを含み、カソード液チャネルが、活性表面に隣接してまたは活性表面に向かってカソード溶液の流れの方向を定めるように配置されており、電池に酸化剤を供給するための手段が、多孔質部材に酸化剤を供給するように適合されている、
酸化還元燃料電池。 - カソード液チャネルを画定する壁の少なくとも一部が開放されて、カソード液チャネルの内部が多孔質部材の活性表面の少なくとも一部に曝されている、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 多孔質部材が細長い部材である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の燃料電池。
- 多孔質部材が、内部を通る複数の穴を有する基材を含み、各穴が気体入口および気体出口を含んでおり、気体出口の幅は気体入口の幅よりも大きい、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 各穴の断面形状が、円形、三角形、正方形、長方形、五角形、六角形、七角形、八角形、九角形、および十角形から選択される1種である、請求項4に記載の燃料電池。
- 基材が、穴の気体出口に向かって活性表面を有する、請求項4または請求項5に記載の燃料電池。
- 活性表面の少なくとも一部が、親水性材料で形成されまたはコーティングされている、請求項4から6のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 穴の気体入口に向かう表面の少なくとも一部が、疎水性材料で形成されまたはコーティングされている、請求項4から7のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 穴の内部の少なくとも一部が疎水性材料でコーティングされている、請求項4から8のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 各穴の断面形状が円形であり、気体入口および気体出口の幅が、気体入口および気体出口の直径である、請求項4から9のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- カソード液チャネルが、多孔質部材の外面に隣接するチューブとして設けられ、または多孔質部材内に形成されている、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 再生ゾーンが、
内部で再生反応が生じるチャンバー;
還元された酸化還元メディエーター対を、電池のカソード領域からチャンバー内に受容するための、第1の入口ポート;
酸化された酸化還元メディエーター対を、電池のカソード領域に供給するための第1の出口ポート;および
酸化剤の供給を受容するための第2の入口ポート;およびチャンバーから気体、水蒸気、および熱をベントするための第2の出口ポート
を含む、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。 - 前記酸化還元メディエーター対はポリオキソメタレート化合物を含む、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- カソード溶液が、酸化剤と、少なくとも部分的に還元された酸化還元メディエーター対との間での電子移動を助けるための酸化還元触媒をさらに含む、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記酸化還元触媒はポリオキソメタレート化合物を含む、請求項14に記載の燃料電池。
- イオン選択性ポリマー電解質膜により分離されたアノードおよびカソードを設けるステップ;
少なくとも1種のカソード液成分を含み、酸化還元メディエーター対を含んでいるカソード溶液を提供するステップ;
カソード液チャネル、および活性表面を有する多孔質部材を含む、再生ゾーンを設けるステップ;
カソード溶液の流れを、カソード液チャネルを用いて活性表面に隣接させてまたは活性表面に向けて方向を定めるステップ;
酸化剤を、再生ゾーンの多孔質部材に供給するステップ;
燃料を、電池のアノード領域に供給するステップ;および
電池のアノードおよびカソードのそれぞれの間に電気回路を設けるステップ
を含む、酸化還元燃料電池を動作させるための方法。 - 請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池を動作させるための、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 熱および電力を組み合わせて発生させ、
原動力を車両に提供し、または
電子部品で電力を発生させる、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池の使用。 - 請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも1個の燃料電池を含む、熱電併給システム、車両、または電子部品。
- チャンバーと;電池のカソード領域から、還元された酸化還元メディエーター対をチャンバー内に受容するための第1の入口ポートと;酸化された酸化還元メディエーター対を、電池のカソード領域に供給するための第1の出口ポートと;酸化剤の供給を受容するための第2の入口ポートと;チャンバーからの気体、水蒸気、および熱をベントするための第2の出口ポートと、第1の入口ポートに流体連絡しているカソード液チャネルと、活性表面を有している多孔質部材とを含み、カソード液チャネルは、カソード液の流れを活性表面に隣接させてまたは向けて定めるように配置構成されており:
a)多孔質部材は、5から100ミクロンの平均直径を有する細孔を含み;
b)活性表面の少なくとも一部は、親水性材料で形成されまたはコーティングされ;かつ
c)多孔質部材の少なくとも一部は、活性表面を除いて疎水性材料で形成されている、カソード液再生システム。
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GBGB1003466.8A GB201003466D0 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2010-03-02 | Fuel cells |
GB1003466.8 | 2010-03-02 | ||
GB1016005.9A GB2484070A (en) | 2010-09-23 | 2010-09-23 | Fine bubble generation device |
GB1016005.9 | 2010-09-23 | ||
PCT/GB2011/050410 WO2011107794A2 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2011-03-01 | Fuel cells |
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CN102781561A (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
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BR112012018419A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
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EP2542332A2 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
WO2011107794A3 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
US20130056076A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
CN102782922B (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
EP2542332B2 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
JP2013521604A (ja) | 2013-06-10 |
WO2011107794A2 (en) | 2011-09-09 |
WO2011107795A3 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
JP2013521112A (ja) | 2013-06-10 |
CN102781561B (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
KR101899929B1 (ko) | 2018-09-19 |
CN102782922A (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
US20130071702A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
KR101523187B1 (ko) | 2015-05-27 |
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