JP5888418B2 - 負極活物質、負極活物質の製造方法、負極および二次電池 - Google Patents
負極活物質、負極活物質の製造方法、負極および二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5888418B2 JP5888418B2 JP2014527108A JP2014527108A JP5888418B2 JP 5888418 B2 JP5888418 B2 JP 5888418B2 JP 2014527108 A JP2014527108 A JP 2014527108A JP 2014527108 A JP2014527108 A JP 2014527108A JP 5888418 B2 JP5888418 B2 JP 5888418B2
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- negative electrode
- metal oxide
- active material
- electrode active
- lithium metal
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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Description
内部空隙率=単位質量当たり空隙体積/(比体積+単位質量当たり空隙体積)
前記内部空隙率の測定は特に限定されず、本発明の一実施例によって、例えば窒素などの吸着気体を用いてBEL JAPAN社のBELSORP(BET装備)を用いて測定することができる。
以下、本発明を具体的に説明するために実施例を挙げて詳しく説明することにする。しかし、本発明による実施例などは多様な他の形態に変形されることができ、本発明の範囲が下記で詳述する実施例などに限定されるものではない。
LiOH・H2O及びTiO2(アナターゼ)を4:5(モル数比)で混合し、この混合物を純粋な水に溶解させた後、撹拌した。このとき、全体固体物質の割合を溶液の固形粉で定義し、30%に合わせて撹拌して前駆体溶液を製造した。前記前駆体溶液を噴霧乾燥装備(アインシステム製品)のチャンバ内に供給し、チャンバ内で噴霧して乾燥した。このとき、前記噴霧乾燥の条件は乾燥温度130℃、内部圧力−20mbar、供給速度30ml/分で進めた後、得られる前駆体を800℃で空気中に塑性して平均粒径が5.4μmで、内部空隙率が3.5%であるLi4Ti5O12負極活物質を得た。
下記表1に記載された噴霧条件を変更したことを除いて、実施例1と同じ方法で表1に記載された平均粒径及び内部空隙率を有するLi4Ti5O12負極活物質などを得た。
下記表1に記載された噴霧条件を変更したことを除いて、実施例1と同じ方法で表1に記載された平均粒径及び内部空隙率を有するLi4Ti5O12負極活物質などを得た。
2.内部空隙率=単位質量当たり空隙体積/(比体積+単位質量当たり空隙体積)
(BEL JAPAN社のBELSORP(BET装備)使用、メソポア測定法であるBJH法により計算された値を使用)
<負極の製造>
負極活物質として前記表1で製造された実施例1ないし4のLi4Ti5O12、導電材としてカーボンブラック(Super P)、及びバインダとしてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVdF)を88:4:8の重量比に混合し、これらを溶媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに混合してスラリーを製造した。製造されたスラリーを銅集電体の一面に65μmの厚さにコーティングし、乾燥及び圧延した後、一定の大きさでパンチング(pouching)して負極を製造した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)及びジエチルカーボネート(DEC)を30:70の体積比で混合し、前記非水電解液溶媒にLiPF6を添加して1M LiPF6非水電解液を製造した。
また、相手電極、すなわち正極でリチウム金属ホイル(foil)を用いて、両電極の間にポリオレフィン分離膜を介在させた後、前記電解液を注入してコイン型半電池を製造した。
負極活物質で前記表1に記載された比較例1ないし5のLi4Ti5O12を用いたことを除いては、前記実施例5と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
<SEM顕微鏡写真>
前記比較例3及び実施例1で製造されたリチウム金属酸化物の負極活物質をそれぞれSEM顕微鏡写真で確認しており、その結果をそれぞれ図1及び図2に示した。
<接着力測定>
実施例5ないし8及び比較例6ないし10のリチウム二次電池の製造過程中に製造された負極を用いて負極に対する接着力測定を行った。接着力測定は一般的に知られた180°peel testで進めた。その結果を下記表2に示した。
本発明の実施例5ないし8及び比較例6ないし10のリチウム二次電池の高率特性分析のために、充放電密度をそれぞれ0.1、0.2、0.5、1、0.2、2、0.2、5、0.2、10Cに順次に進めた。このとき、充電終止電圧は1.0Vであり、放電終止電圧は2.5Vに設定した。前記高率特性は、10Cでの容量を測定して0.1Cでの容量対比百分率値で示したものである。
Claims (14)
- 負極活物質であって、
リチウム金属酸化物粒子を含んでなり、
前記リチウム金属酸化物粒子の内部空隙率が3%から8%であり、
前記リチウム金属酸化物粒子の平均粒径(D50)が5μm以上11μm未満であることを特徴とする、負極活物質。 - 前記リチウム金属酸化物が、下記化学式で表される化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
LixMyOz
〔上記式中、
Mはそれぞれ独立的にTi、Sn、Cu、Pb、Sb、Zn、Fe、In、AlまたはZrからなる群より選択された何れか一種又は二種以上の元素であり、
x、y及びzはMの酸化数に応じて決定されるものである。〕 - 前記リチウム金属酸化物が、Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 、LiTi2O4、Li2TiO3及びLi2Ti3O7からなる群より選択される何れか一種又は二種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記リチウム金属酸化物粒子が、二つ以上の一次粒子が凝集された二次粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記一次粒子の平均粒径が、100nmから400nmであることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記リチウム金属酸化物粒子の比表面積(BET)が、2m2/gから8m2/gであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載の負極活物質。
- リチウム金属酸化物粒子からなる負極活物質の製造方法であって、
リチウム塩及び金属酸化物を揮発性溶媒に添加及び撹拌して前駆体溶液を製造する段階と、
前記前駆体溶液を噴霧乾燥装備のチャンバ内に供給する段階と、
前記前駆体溶液を前記チャンバ内で噴霧して乾燥する段階とを含んでなり、
内部空隙率が3%から8%であり、平均粒径(D50)が5μm以上11μm未満であるリチウム金属酸化物粒子からなる負極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記リチウム塩が、水酸化リチウム、酸化リチウム及び炭酸リチウムからなる群より選択される何れか一種又は二種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のリチウム金属酸化物粒子からなる負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記金属酸化物が、酸化チタンであることを特徴とする、請求項7又は8に記載のリチウム金属酸化物粒子からなる負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記揮発性溶媒が、水、アルコールまたはアセトンであることを特徴とする請求項7〜9の何れか一項に記載のリチウム金属酸化物粒子からなる負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記チャンバ内への前記前駆体溶液の供給速度が、10ml/分から1000ml/分のことを特徴とする、請求項7〜10の何れか一項に記載のリチウム金属酸化物粒子からなる負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記乾燥が、20℃から300℃の温度で行われることを特徴とする、請求項7〜11の何れか一項に記載のリチウム金属酸化物粒子からなる負極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載の負極活物質を含んでなる、負極。
- 請求項13に記載の負極を備えてなることを特徴とする、二次電池。
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