WO2023115289A1 - 富镍材料及其制备方法、正极片、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

富镍材料及其制备方法、正极片、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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WO2023115289A1
WO2023115289A1 PCT/CN2021/139859 CN2021139859W WO2023115289A1 WO 2023115289 A1 WO2023115289 A1 WO 2023115289A1 CN 2021139859 W CN2021139859 W CN 2021139859W WO 2023115289 A1 WO2023115289 A1 WO 2023115289A1
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nickel
rich
precursor
lithium
rich material
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PCT/CN2021/139859
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴振豪
廖志雄
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昶联金属材料应用制品(广州)有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/139859 priority Critical patent/WO2023115289A1/zh
Publication of WO2023115289A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023115289A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a nickel-rich material, a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode sheet, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have many advantages such as high energy density, high power density, high Coulombic efficiency, environmental friendliness and no memory effect, and are widely used in electronic equipment, electric vehicles, medical electronic equipment, aerospace and power grids, etc. , mobile phones, video cameras, digital cameras, notebook computers and other electrical equipment batteries. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries have gradually occupied the main market of batteries, especially in the field of electronic equipment, which has a very mature technical market. With the rapid development of science and technology, especially the development of electric vehicle technology, higher requirements are placed on the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries.
  • the positive electrode active material is the decisive component of the performance of the lithium ion battery.
  • the properties of the positive electrode active material used in the lithium ion battery largely determine the performance of the lithium ion battery.
  • the positive electrode active materials that have been successfully commercialized include lithium cobaltate, manganese lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, etc., but these positive electrode materials have their own shortcomings and defects.
  • the ternary positive electrode material has high discharge capacity, excellent reaction reversibility, excellent high current discharge capacity, and wide charge and discharge range. With many advantages such as voltage range and low toxicity, it has become the main positive electrode active material for the preparation of lithium-ion batteries.
  • lithium-ion batteries made of ternary cathode materials are prone to bursting during repeated charging and discharging, and have a low cycle life, which cannot meet the increasingly high life requirements of modern technology for lithium-ion batteries.
  • a nickel-rich material a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode sheet, a battery, and an electrical device are provided.
  • One aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a nickel-rich material, comprising the steps of:
  • the preparation raw materials are provided according to the stoichiometric ratio of the chemical formula shown in formula (1), and the preparation raw materials include lithium salts and other metal salts except lithium salts;
  • M is Mn, Al, Ti, Ba, Sr, Mg, Cr, Zn, V, Cu and at least one of Zr;
  • nickel-rich precursors Using other metal salts and a part of lithium salts as precursor raw materials to prepare nickel-rich precursors;
  • the nickel-rich precursor is mixed with the remaining lithium salt and sintered to obtain a nickel-rich material.
  • a nickel-rich material is provided, which is prepared by the above method for preparing a nickel-rich material.
  • a positive electrode sheet in yet another aspect of the present application, includes a current collector and an active layer formed on the current collector.
  • the active layer includes the nickel-rich material as described above.
  • a battery in yet another aspect of the present application, includes the positive electrode sheet as described above.
  • an electric device in yet another aspect of the present application, includes the above-mentioned battery.
  • Fig. 1 is the XRD spectrum of the nickel-rich precursor and nickel-rich material that embodiment 1 makes;
  • Fig. 2 is the electron micrograph of the nickel-rich precursor that embodiment 1 makes;
  • Fig. 3 is the XRD spectrum of precursor and nickel-rich material that comparative example 1 makes;
  • Fig. 4 is the electron micrograph of the precursor that embodiment 1 makes;
  • Fig. 5 is the cycle life test figure of the nickel-rich material that embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 make;
  • Fig. 6 is an SEM image of the nickel-rich materials prepared in Example 1 (A) and Comparative Example 1 (B) after a cycle test.
  • the traditional method of preparing ternary cathode materials is: firstly make a precursor containing ternary host material but not containing lithium, then sinter the precursor with a lithium source, and lithiate the precursor to obtain a ternary cathode material.
  • technicians often use the precipitation method to first prepare the precursor containing the ternary host material with a coating layer but not containing lithium. In this way, the stability of the ternary cathode material can be improved, but it is still difficult to meet the increasingly high life requirements of modern technology for lithium-ion batteries.
  • the technicians of the present invention found in the research that the Karman shape coefficient ⁇ of the ternary positive electrode material has a great influence on the stability of the ternary positive electrode material, and after further research on the traditional technology, it was found that the ternary positive electrode material produced by the traditional technology
  • the Karman shape coefficient of the positive electrode material ⁇ 0.8 when used in lithium-ion batteries, cracks are prone to occur during repeated charging and discharging, resulting in thermal runaway of the battery and fire and explosion.
  • the technicians of the present application have obtained the nickel-rich material and the preparation method thereof which can improve the cycle life of the lithium battery in the present invention. details as follows.
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a nickel-rich material, including the following steps S10-S30.
  • Step S10 providing preparation raw materials according to the stoichiometric ratio of the chemical formula shown in formula (1), the preparation raw materials include lithium salts and other metal salts except lithium salts;
  • M is Mn, Al, Ti, Ba, Sr, Mg, Cr, Zn, V, Cu and At least one of Zr.
  • Step S20 using other metal salts and a part of lithium salt as precursor raw materials to prepare a nickel-rich precursor.
  • Step S30 mixing the nickel-rich precursor with the remaining lithium salt, and sintering to obtain a nickel-rich material.
  • part of the lithium salt and other metal salts in the preparation raw material are used as precursor raw materials to prepare a nickel-rich precursor.
  • the elements contained in the prepared nickel-rich precursor contains the same type of elements, and both have similar macroscopic morphological structures; then the nickel-rich precursor is mixed with the remaining part of the lithium salt in the preparation raw material, and sintered, during which the nickel-rich precursor is further lithiated , the structure of the obtained nickel-rich material is more stable, has a specific shape, and its Karman shape coefficient ⁇ can reach 0.8 and above. cycle life.
  • the obtained Karman shape coefficient ⁇ 0.7 of the precursor containing the ternary host material but not containing lithium but in order
  • the Karman shape coefficient ⁇ of the nickel-rich precursor is greater than 0.7, and the BET is less than 0.5 m2/g.
  • the Karman shape coefficient ⁇ of the above precursor is greater than 0.7 and less than 8; 0 ⁇ BET ⁇ 0.5.
  • BET means specific surface area.
  • the above-mentioned sintering step is carried out in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, the sintering temperature is 600°C-700°C, and the sintering time is 5h-10h.
  • the elements contained in the nickel-rich precursor prepared first are the same as the elements contained in the finally prepared nickel-rich material, and both have similar macroscopic morphological structures, therefore, in In the subsequent sintering process, the nickel-rich precursor is further lithiated, and the energy required for this process is low, and a structurally stable nickel-rich material can be obtained at a relatively mild sintering temperature and a short sintering time.
  • the stoichiometric ratio of each element in the precursor raw material is as shown in formula (2):
  • the ratio of the moles of Li element in the remaining lithium salt to the total moles of Ni, Co and M in the other metal salts is (1+a1-c):1.
  • the molecular formula of the nickel-rich precursor is Li c1 Ni x Co y M (1-xy) O d , 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 2.1.
  • the lithium salt may volatilize, so the composition ratio of the prepared nickel-rich precursor may be different from the ratio of the precursor raw material, and c1 may be different from the above c
  • the values are the same or different, and accordingly, the ratio of oxygen is also different.
  • the molecular formula of the nickel-rich material is Li (1+a2) Ni x Co y M (1-xy) O (2-b) ; -0.10 ⁇ a2 ⁇ 0.20, -0.05 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.10 .
  • the molecular formula of the nickel-rich material is Li 1 Ni x Co y M (1-xy) O 2 .
  • the lithium salt mentioned above can be a lithium salt commonly used in the art, that is, a lithium salt that does not contain chlorine and nitrogen.
  • the above lithium salt is selected from at least one of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium sulfate and lithium acetate.
  • the above-mentioned other metal salts include nickel salts, cobalt salts and M-containing salts.
  • the nickel salt is at least one selected from nickel hydroxide, nickel carbonate, nickel sulfate and nickel acetate.
  • the cobalt salt is selected from at least one of cobalt hydroxide, cobalt carbonate, cobalt sulfate and cobalt acetate.
  • the above-mentioned M-containing salt is selected from at least one of M-containing hydroxides, M-containing sulfates, M-containing carbonates, and M-containing acetates.
  • M is at least one of Mn, Al, Ti, Ba, Sr, Mg, Cr, Zn, V, Cu and Zr, and when M is selected from a plurality of metals, the salts of different metals
  • the types may be the same or different, independently selected from at least one of hydroxide, sulfate, carbonic acid and acetate thereof.
  • the step of preparing the nickel-rich precursor adopts a spray drying method or a solid phase sintering method.
  • the step of preparing the nickel-rich precursor adopts a spray drying method, including the following steps:
  • the precursor raw material is mixed with a solvent, and then spray-dried in an oxidizing atmosphere at 1000° C. to 1200° C. to obtain a nickel-rich precursor.
  • the step of preparing the nickel-rich precursor adopts a solid phase sintering method, including the following steps:
  • the precursor material is mixed with a solvent, and then solid-phase sintering is carried out at 1000° C. to 1200° C. for 6 hours to 8 hours in an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the solvent is at least one of ethanol and water.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a nickel-rich material, which is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method of the nickel-rich material.
  • the structure of the nickel-rich material is stable, and the Karman shape coefficient ⁇ can reach 0.8 or above, which can improve the cycle life of the lithium-ion battery.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet includes a current collector and an active layer formed on the current collector, and the active layer includes the nickel-rich material as described above.
  • the structure of the nickel-rich material is stable, and the Karman shape coefficient ⁇ can reach 0.8 or above, and the positive electrode sheet prepared by using it can improve the cycle life of the lithium-ion battery.
  • the components of the active layer of the positive electrode sheet further include a binder and a conductive agent.
  • binder and conductive agent may be selected from commonly used electrode binders and conductive agents in the field.
  • the conductive agent in the positive electrode sheet is at least one selected from graphite, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, carbon black and graphene.
  • it can be selected from SP, KS-6, negative electrode graphite conductive carbon black Super-P Li, Ketjen black ECP with branched chain structure, SFG-6, vapor phase grown carbon fiber VGCF, carbon nanotube CNTs and graphene and At least one of its composite conductive agents.
  • the binder includes at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the current collector is made of metal foil; further, the current collector is made of gold foil or aluminum foil.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery, which includes the positive electrode sheet as described above.
  • the battery provided by the present invention contains the positive electrode sheet as described above, and the components of the positive electrode sheet include the nickel-rich material as described above, which can be kept stable during the charging and discharging process of the battery, thereby improving the cycle stability of the battery.
  • the cycle life is higher.
  • the above-mentioned battery is a lithium-ion battery.
  • the above-mentioned battery further includes a negative electrode sheet and an electrolyte. Further, if the electrolyte is a liquid electrolyte, the battery also includes a diaphragm.
  • the separator is selected from polyethylene (PE) separators or polypropylene (PP).
  • the negative electrode active material in the above-mentioned negative electrode sheet includes graphite, mesophase micro carbon spheres, hard carbon, soft carbon, elemental silicon, silicon oxide compound, Li-Sn alloy, Li-Sn-O alloy, Sn , SnO, SnO2, at least one of TiO2-Li4Ti5O12 with spinel structure and Li-Al alloy.
  • graphite may be natural graphite or synthetic graphite.
  • the conductive agent in the negative electrode sheet is at least one selected from graphite, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, carbon black and graphene.
  • the conductive agent in the above-mentioned negative electrode sheet can be selected from SP, KS-6, negative electrode graphite conductive carbon black Super-P Li, Ketjen black ECP with branched chain structure, SFG-6, vapor phase grown carbon fiber VGCF, carbon At least one of nanotube CNTs and graphene and its composite conductive agent.
  • the above-mentioned electrolyte is selected from electrolyte lithium salts, such as lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide LiTFSI, lithium hexafluorophosphate.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides an electric device, the electric device includes the above-mentioned battery.
  • the above-mentioned electrical equipment includes the above-mentioned battery, and has a long service life.
  • the above-mentioned electrical equipment is electrical equipment, including but not limited to: automobiles, air conditioners, humidifiers, telephones, tape recorders, range hoods, microwave ovens, washing machines, mobile phones, mobile phone chargers, computers, fans, printers, etc.
  • the aforementioned electrical equipment is a car.
  • the above-mentioned battery has high cycle stability and long service life, and when it is used to prepare automobiles, it can further improve the battery life of the automobile and promote the development of the field of electric vehicles.
  • the raw materials used in the whole process of preparing the nickel-rich material conform to the chemical formula Li (1+0.04) Ni 0.88 Co 0.05 M 0.07 O 2 .
  • step (3) Mix the nickel-rich positive electrode material prepared in step (2) with carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride powder in a mass ratio of 96:2:2, and add NMP solvent to stir evenly to obtain a positive electrode slurry.
  • the material is coated on a 14 micron thick aluminum foil to make a positive electrode sheet.
  • a lithium-ion battery is produced. After testing: when the lithium-ion battery is charged and discharged at a rate of 0.33C at a voltage range of 3.0V to 4.2V at 30°C, the first cycle capacity is 1Ah.
  • Ni 0.42 Ni 0.88 Co 0.05 Mn 0.07 O 2 Mix nickel hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, manganese hydroxide and lithium acetate according to the chemical formula Li 0.42 Ni 0.88 Co 0.05 Mn 0.07 O 2 , and then put them in a pure alumina ceramic bowl , using a pressure of 100kg/cm2 to compress it to a thickness of 3cm in the mixture layer, and then place it in a sintering furnace at a temperature of 1100°C, feed oxygen into the sintering furnace at a flow rate of 5mol/L, and sinter for 6 hours to obtain nickel-rich Precursor.
  • the raw materials used in the whole process of preparing the nickel-rich material conform to the chemical formula Li (1+0.06) Ni 0.88 Co 0.05 M 0.07 O 2 .
  • step (3) Mix the nickel-rich positive electrode material prepared in step (2) with carbon black and pvdf powder in a mass ratio of 96:2:2, and add NMP solvent to stir evenly to obtain a positive electrode slurry, which is coated with The positive electrode sheet was obtained on a 14 micron thick aluminum foil.
  • Nickel-rich precursor Mix nickel hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, manganese hydroxide and lithium acetate according to the chemical formula Li 0.64 Ni 0.88 Co 0.05 Mn 0.07 O 2 , and then put them in a pure alumina ceramic bowl , using a pressure of 100kg/cm2 to compress it to a thickness of 3cm in the mixture layer, and then place it in a sintering furnace at a temperature of 1100°C, feed oxygen into the sintering furnace at a flow rate of 5mol/L, and sinter for 6 hours to obtain nickel-rich Precursor.
  • the raw materials used in the whole process of preparing the nickel-rich material conform to the chemical formula Li (1+0.05) Ni 0.88 Co 0.05 M 0.07 O 2 .
  • Embodiment 4 is substantially the same as Embodiment 1, except that in step (1), manganese acetate is replaced with copper acetate of the same molar number.
  • Embodiment 5 is substantially the same as Embodiment 1, except that in step (1), manganese acetate is replaced with titanium acetate of the same molar number.
  • the results show that the molecular formula of the prepared nickel-rich material is: LiNi 0.88 Co 0.05 Ti 0.07 O 2 , and the Karman shape coefficient ⁇ 0.84.
  • the prepared nickel-rich material has a similar structure to the prepared nickel-rich precursor. After 2,000 times of repeated charging and discharging of advanced lithium-ion batteries, the positive electrode material still maintains structural integrity without cracking.
  • Embodiment 6 is substantially the same as Embodiment 1, except that in step (1), manganese acetate is replaced with magnesium acetate of the same molar number.
  • the results show that the molecular formula of the prepared nickel-rich material is: LiNi0 .88 Co 0.05 Mg 0.07 O 2 , and the Karman shape coefficient ⁇ 0.87.
  • the prepared nickel-rich material has a similar structure to the prepared nickel-rich precursor. After repeated charge and discharge of the obtained lithium-ion battery for 2000 times, the positive plate still maintained structural integrity without cracking.
  • Ni 0.88 Co 0.05 Mn 0.07 (OH) 2 Mix nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, and manganese sulfate according to the chemical formula Ni 0.88 Co 0.05 Mn 0.07 (OH) 2 , and then dissolve them in deionized water to obtain a mixture with a concentration of 2mol/L. Solution, and then add 2mol/L NaOH aqueous solution and 5mol/L ammonia aqueous solution into the reaction kettle with stirring device at the same time, and carry out precipitation reaction at 60°C under nitrogen protection, in which NaOH is the precipitating agent and ammonia water is the complexing agent.
  • the particle size D50 of the precursor is 5 ⁇ m, stop the reaction, filter, and vacuum-dry the filter cake at 100° C. to obtain the precursor.

Abstract

本申请提出一种富镍材料及其制备方法、正极片、电池及用电设备。该富镍材料的制备方法中，先将制备原料中的一部分锂盐与其他其他金属作为前驱体原料，并制成前驱体，如此，制得的前驱体中含有的元素与最终制得的富镍材料中含有的元素种类相同，两者具有相似的宏观形态结构；再将前驱体与剩余的锂盐混合，烧结，在此过程中前驱体发生锂化，制得的富镍材料结构更稳定，其卡门形状系数ψ能达到0.8及以上，作为正极活性材料制备锂离子电池时，能提高锂离子电池的循环使用寿命。

Description

富镍材料及其制备方法、正极片、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种富镍材料及其制备方法、正极片、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有高能量密度、高功率密度、高库伦效率、环境友好及无记忆效应等诸多优势，被广泛应用于电子设备、电动汽车、医疗电子设备、航空航天及电网等领域，如作为汽车、手机、摄像机、数码照相机、笔记本电脑等用电设备的电池。因此，锂离子电池逐渐占据了电池的主要市场，尤其在电子设备领域已拥有了非常成熟的技术市场。随着科技的快速发展，尤其是电动汽车技术的发展，对锂离子电池的循环寿命也提出了更高的要求。
正极活性材料是锂离子电池性能的决定性组分，锂离子电池中采用的正极活性材料的性质很大程度上决定了锂离子电池的性能，已经成功商业化的正极活性材料有钴酸锂、锰酸锂和磷酸铁锂等，但这些正极材料均存在自身的不足和缺陷，三元正极材料因其兼具高放电电容、优异的反应可逆性、优异的大电流放电能力、较宽的充放电电压范围及毒性小等众多优点，已经成为了制备锂离子电池的主要正极活性材料。然而，采用三元正极材制得的锂离子电池在反复的充放电过程中容易发生炸裂，循环使用寿命较低，无法满足现代科技对锂离子电池越来高的寿命要求。
因此，现有技术仍有待改进。
发明内容
根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种富镍材料及其制备方法、正极片、电池及电器设备。
本申请的一个方面，提供了一种富镍材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
按照式(1)所示化学式的化学计量比提供制备原料，制备原料包括锂盐及除锂盐之外的其他金属盐；
Li (1+a1)Ni xCo yM (1-x-y)O 2   (1)，
其中，0.03≤a1≤0.1，0.6≤x<1，0≤y≤0.1，0<1-x-y≤0.40，M为Mn、Al、Ti、Ba、Sr、Mg、Cr、Zn、V、Cu和Zr中的至少一种；
以其他金属盐与一部分的锂盐作为前躯体原料，制得富镍前驱体；
将富镍前驱体与剩余的锂盐混合，烧结，制得富镍材料。
本申请的另一方面，提供了一种富镍材料，采用如上的富镍材料的制备方法制得。
本申请的又一方面，提供了一种正极片，正极片包含集流体以及形成于集流体上的活性层，活性层的组分包括如上所述的富镍材料。
本申请的又一方面，提供了一种电池，电池包括如上所述的正极片。
本申请的又一方面，提供一种用电设备，用电设备包括如上所述的电池。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请的其他特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的富镍前驱体与富镍材料的XRD图谱；
图2为实施例1制得的富镍前驱体的电镜图；
图3为对比例1制得的前驱体与富镍材料的XRD图谱；
图4为实施例1制得的前驱体的电镜图；
图5为实施例1与对比例1制得的富镍材料的循环寿命测试图；
图6为实施例1(A)与对比例1(B)制得的富镍材料循环测试后的SEM图。
为了更好地描述和说明这里公开的那些申请的实施例和/或示例，可以参考一幅或多幅附图。用于描述附图的附加细节或示例不应当被认为是对所公开的申请、目前描述的实施例和/或示例以及目前理解的那些申请的最佳模式中的任何一者的范围的限制。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请，下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的较佳实施方式。但是，本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施方式。相反地，提供这些实施方式的目的是使对本申请的公开内容理解的更加透彻全面。
传统的制备三元正极材料的方法为：先制成含三元主体材料、但不含锂的前驱体，进一步将前驱体与锂源烧结，对前驱体进行锂化，得到三元正极材料。为提高三元正极材料的稳定性，进而提供制得的锂离子电池的循环使用性能，技术人员常采用沉淀法先制得具有包覆层的含三元主体材料、但不含锂的前驱体，以此来提高三元正极材料的稳定性，但仍难以满足现代科技对锂离子电池越来高的寿命要求。
本发明的技术人员在研究中发现：三元正极材料的卡门形状系数ψ对三元正极材料的稳 定性具有很大影响，并在进一步对传统技术进行研究后发现：传统技术制得的三元正极材料的卡门形状系数ψ<0.8，应用于锂离子电池中时，在反复的充放电过程中容易发生裂纹，致使电池发生热失控而起火爆炸。
基于此，本申请的技术人员在经过大量的实验后，获得了本发明中能提高锂电池的循环寿命的富镍材料及其制备方法。具体如下。
本发明一实施方式提供了一种富镍材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤S10～S30。
步骤S10、按照式(1)所示化学式的化学计量比提供制备原料，制备原料包括锂盐及除锂盐之外的其他金属盐；
Li (1+a1)Ni xCo yM (1-x-y)O 2   (1)，
其中，0.03≤a1≤0.1，0.6≤x<1，0≤y≤0.1，0<1-x-y≤0.40，M为Mn、Al、Ti、Ba、Sr、Mg、Cr、Zn、V、Cu和Zr中的至少一种。
步骤S20、以其他金属盐与一部分的锂盐作为前躯体原料，制得富镍前驱体。
步骤S30、将富镍前驱体与剩余的锂盐混合，烧结，制得富镍材料。
上述富镍材料的制备方法中，将制备原料中的部分锂盐与其他金属盐作为前驱体原料并制得富镍前驱体，如此，制得的富镍前驱体中含有的元素与最终制得的富镍材料中含有的元素种类相同，两者具有相似的宏观形态结构；然后将富镍前驱体与制备原料中的剩余部分锂盐混合，烧结，在此过程中富镍前驱体发生进一步锂化，制得的富镍材料的结构更稳定，具有特定的形貌，其卡门形状系数ψ能达到0.8及以上，制得的富镍材料作为正极活性材料制备锂离子电池时，能提高锂离子电池的循环使用寿命。
本发明的技术人员在对传统的三元正极材料的制备方法进行研究中发现：一方面，传统制备方法中有些技术制得的含三元主体材料、但不含锂的前驱体的卡门形状系数ψ>0.7，但由于其前驱体的结构与最终的三元正极材料的架构相差甚远，在后续的烧结锂化过程中将需要更高的能量，也就需要控制更高的烧结温度和更长的烧结时间，与此同时，为了避免长时间高温下锂的挥发，需要加入更多的锂盐，既导致耗能增加，又提高了原料成本；另一方面，传统制备方法中有些技术制得的含三元主体材料、但不含锂的前驱体的卡门形状系数ψ<0.7，但为了保证后续锂化的过程中，锂盐会快速渗透进入前驱体内部，减少挥发，需要保留了多孔结构的高孔隙度特征，且后续烧结需要在较高温下进行。如此，传统技术制得的成品的卡门系数低，并耗费了更多的能量、成本高。
在其中一些实施例中，上述富镍前驱体的卡门形状系数ψ大于0.7，且BET小于0.5平方米/克。
上述前驱体的卡门形状系数ψ大于0.7且小于8；0<BET<0.5。
BET，即指比表面积。
在其中一些实施例中，上述烧结的步骤在含氧气氛下进行，烧结温度为600℃～700℃，烧结时间为5h～10h。
在本发明中，由于在上述制备方法中，先制得的富镍前驱体中含有的元素与最终制得的富镍材料中含有的元素种类相同，两者具有相似的宏观形态结构，因此，在后续的烧结过程中，富镍前驱体发生进一步锂化，此过程中需要的能量较低，在比较温和的烧结温度及较短的烧结时间下就能得到结构稳定的富镍材料。
在其中一些实施例中，前躯体原料中各元素的化学计量比如式(2)所示：
Li cNi xCo yM (1-x-y)O 2   (2)，
其中，0＜c＜1；
上述剩余的锂盐中的Li元素的摩尔数与上述其他金属盐中的Ni元素、Co元素及M元素的总摩尔数之比为(1+a1-c)：1。
优选地，0＜c＜0.65。
进一步地，上述富镍前驱体的分子式为Li c1Ni xCo yM (1-x-y)O d，0＜c＜1，0＜d≤2.1。
需要说明的是，在富镍前驱体的制备过程中，锂盐可能会有挥发，故制得的富镍前驱体的组成比例与前驱体原料的比例可能有出入，其中c1可能与上述c的取值相同或不同，随之，氧的比例也有所不同。
在其中一些实施例中，上述富镍材料的分子式为Li (1+a2)Ni xCo yM (1-x-y)O (2-b)；-0.10≤a2≤0.20，-0.05≤b≤0.10。
需要说明的是，在烧结过程中，锂盐会有微量的挥发，故制得的富镍材料的组成比例与理论有微小的区别。
进一步地，上述富镍材料的分子式为Li 1Ni xCo yM (1-x-y)O 2。
可理解，上述锂盐可采用本领域常用的锂盐，即不含氯及氮的锂盐。
在其中一些实施例中，上述锂盐选自氢氧化锂、碳酸锂、硫酸锂和醋酸锂中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中，上述其他金属盐包括镍盐、钴盐和含M的盐。
在其中一些实施例中，上述镍盐选自氢氧化镍、碳酸镍、硫酸镍和醋酸镍中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中，上述钴盐选自氢氧化钴、碳酸钴、硫酸钴和醋酸钴中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中，上述含M的盐选自含M的氢氧化物、含M的硫酸盐、含M的碳酸盐和含M的醋酸盐中的至少一种。
需要说明的是，M为Mn、Al、Ti、Ba、Sr、Mg、Cr、Zn、V、Cu和Zr中的至少一种，当M选自其中的多种金属时，不同金属的盐的类型可相同或不同，独立地选自其氢氧化物、 硫酸盐、碳酸和醋酸盐中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中，制得富镍前驱体的步骤采用喷雾干燥法或固相烧结法。
在其中一些实施例中，制得富镍前驱体的步骤采用喷雾干燥法，包括如下步骤：
将前躯体原料与溶剂混合，然后在含氧化气氛中、1000℃～1200℃下进行喷雾干燥，得到富镍前驱体。
在其中一些实施例中，制得富镍前驱体的步骤采用固相烧结法，包括如下步骤：
将前躯体原料与溶剂混合，然后在含氧化气氛中、1000℃～1200℃下进行固相烧结6h～8h。
在其中一些实施例中，上述溶剂为乙醇和水中的至少一种。
本发明一实施方式还提供一种富镍材料，采用如上所述的富镍材料的制备方法制得。
富镍材料的结构稳定，卡门形状系数ψ能达到0.8及以上，能提高锂离子电池的循环使用寿命。
本发明一实施方式还提供一种正极片，该正极片包含集流体以及形成于集流体上的活性层，活性层的组分包括如上所述的富镍材料。
上述富镍材料的结构稳定，卡门形状系数ψ能达到0.8及以上，采用其制得的正极片能提高锂离子电池的循环使用寿命。
在其中一些实施例中，上述正极片的活性层的组分还包括粘结剂和导电剂。
需要说明的是，上述粘结剂和导电剂可以选自本领域常用的电极用粘结剂和导电剂。
在其中一些实施例中，上述正极片中的导电剂选自石墨、碳纳米管、纳米纤维、炭黑和石墨烯中的至少一种。
具体地，可选自SP、KS-6，负极为石墨导电炭黑Super-P Li、有支链结构的科琴黑ECP，SFG-6，气相生长碳纤维VGCF，碳纳米管CNTs和石墨烯及其复合导电剂中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中，上述粘结剂包括聚乙烯醇、聚四氟乙烯及聚偏二氟乙烯中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中，上述集流体的材质为金属箔；进一步地，上述集流体的材质为金箔或铝箔。
本发明一实施方式还提供一种电池，该电池包括如上所述的正极片。
本发明提供的电池含有如上所述的正极片，该正极片的组分包括如上所述的富镍材料，在电池的充放电过程中能保持稳定，从而提高了电池的循环稳定性，该电池的循环使用寿命较高。
在其中一些实施例中，上述电池为锂离子电池。
在其中一些实施例中，上述电池还含有负极片和电解质。进一步地，若电解质为液态电 解质，上述电池还包括隔膜。
具体地，隔膜选自聚乙烯(PE)隔膜或聚丙烯(PP)。
在其中一些实施例中，上述负极片中的负极活性材料包括石墨、中间相微碳球、硬碳、软碳、单质硅、硅氧化合物、Li-Sn合金、Li-Sn-O合金、Sn、SnO、SnO2、尖晶石结构的TiO2-Li4Ti5O12和Li-Al合金中的至少一种。
需要说明的是石墨可以是天然石墨，也可以是人工合成石墨。
在其中一些实施例中，上述负极片中的导电剂选自石墨、碳纳米管、纳米纤维、炭黑和石墨烯中的至少一种。
具体地，上述负极片中的导电剂可选自SP、KS-6，负极为石墨导电炭黑Super-P Li、有支链结构的科琴黑ECP，SFG-6，气相生长碳纤维VGCF，碳纳米管CNTs和石墨烯及其复合导电剂中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中，上述电解质选自电解质锂盐，如双三氟甲基磺酸亚酰胺锂LiTFSI、六氟磷酸锂。
本发明一实施方式还提供一种用电设备，该用电设备包括如上所述的电池。
上述用电设备包括如上所述的电池，使用寿命长。
上述用电设备为用电设备，包括但不限于：汽车、空调、加湿器、电话、录音机、抽油烟机、微波炉、洗衣机、手机、手机充电器、电脑、电扇、打印机等。
在其中一些实施例中，上述用电设备为汽车。
上述电池的循环稳定性高，使用寿命较高，用于制备汽车是，能进一步提高汽车的续航能力，能促进电动汽车领域的发展。
下面将结合具体的实施例对本发明进行了说明，但本发明并不局限于下述实施例，应当理解，所附权利要求概括了本发明的范围，在本发明构思的引导下本领域的技术人员应意识到，对本发明的各实施例所进行的一定的改变，都将被本发明的权利要求书的精神和范围所覆盖。
以下为具体实施例。
实施例1
(1)合成富镍前驱体：将醋酸镍、醋酸钴、醋酸锰和醋酸锂按化学式Li 0.35Ni 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07O 2进行配比混合，然后溶于乙醇中，获得浓度为2mol/L的混合溶液，然后调节喷雾热解设备的温度为1100℃，以3mol/L流量的氧气为载气对混合溶液进行喷雾干燥，得到富镍前驱体。经测试，富镍前驱体的分子式为Li 0.33Ni 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07O 1.2，卡门形状系 数ψ＝0.76、BET＝0.36平方米/克。
对制得的富镍前驱体进行XRD测试，XRD测试曲线如附图1中(a)所示，富镍前驱体具有α-NaFeO 2型层状结构；进一步地，将制得的富镍前驱体置于电镜下，电镜图如附图2所示。
(2)将上述富镍前驱体与氢氧化锂混合，其中氢氧化锂中的Li元素的摩尔数与富镍前驱体中的Ni元素、Co元素及Mn元素的摩尔数总和之比为0.69：1，然后置于烧结炉中于纯氧气氛、650℃下烧结6h，得到富镍材料，经测试：富镍材料的分子式为：LiNi 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07O 2，卡门形状系数ψ＝0.89。
其中，制备富镍材料整个过程所用的原料符合化学式Li (1+0.04)Ni 0.88Co 0.05M 0.07O 2。
对制得的富镍材料进行XRD测试，XRD测试曲线如附图1中(b)所示，结果表明：制得的富镍材料也具有α-NaFeO 2型层状结构，与步骤(1)制得的富镍前驱体具有相似的结构。
(3)将步骤(2)制得的富镍正极材料与炭黑、聚偏氟乙烯粉末按照96：2：2的质量比进行混合，并加入NMP溶剂搅拌均匀得到正极浆料，将该浆料涂覆在14微米厚的铝箔上，制得正极片。
在8微米铜箔上涂覆人造石墨制得负极片，将含有1.5mol/L六氟磷酸锂的碳酸酯溶液作为电解液，然后将负极片、上述正极片、12微米厚PP隔膜及电解液进行组装，制得锂离子电池。经测试：该锂离子电池在30℃下，3.0V～4.2V电压范围内以0.33C倍率进行充放电时，首圈容量为1Ah。
(4)将上述锂离子电池置于30℃的恒温烘箱内，在3.0V～4.2V电压范围内以1C倍率进行反复充放电2000次，再将电池以0.33C的倍率放电至2.8V，然后拆解电池，拿出正极极片，观察正极材料的开裂情况。
结果表明：在反复充放电2000次后，制得的锂离子电池中的正极材料仍保持结构完整，没有开裂。
实施例2
(1)合成富镍前驱体：将氢氧化镍、氢氧化钴、氢氧化锰和醋酸锂按化学式Li 0.42Ni 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07O 2进行配比混合，然后盛于纯氧化铝陶瓷钵中，使用100kg/cm2的压力将其压紧至混合物层的厚度为3cm，再置于温度为1100℃的烧结炉中，以5mol/L流量向烧结炉中通入氧气，烧结6h，得到富镍前驱体。经测试，富镍前驱体的分子式为Li 0.4Ni 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07O 1.2，卡门形状系数ψ＝0.74、BET＝0.34平方米/克。
(2)将上述富镍前驱体与氢氧化锂混合，其中氢氧化锂中的Li元素的摩尔数与富镍前驱体中的Ni元素、Co元素及Mn元素的摩尔数总和之比为0.64：1，然后置于烧结炉中，以 10mol/L流量向烧结炉中通入氧气、700℃下烧结8h，得到富镍材料，经测试：富镍材料的分子式为：LiNi 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07O 2，卡门形状系数ψ＝0.86。
其中，制备富镍材料整个过程所用的原料符合化学式Li (1+0.06)Ni 0.88Co 0.05M 0.07O 2。
分别对制得的富镍前驱体和富镍材料进行XRD测试，结果表明：制得的富镍前驱体和富镍材料具有相似的结构。
(3)将步骤(2)制得的富镍正极材料与炭黑、pvdf粉末按照96：2：2的质量比进行混合，并加入NMP溶剂搅拌均匀得到正极浆料，将该浆料涂覆在14微米厚的铝箔上得到正极片。
在8微米铜箔上涂覆人造石墨制得负极片，将含有1.5mol/L六氟磷酸锂的碳酸酯溶液作为电解液，然后将负极片、上述正极片、12微米厚PP隔膜及电解液进行组装，制得锂离子电池，经测试：该锂离子电池在30℃下，3.0V～4.2V电压范围内以0.33C倍率进行充放电时，首圈容量为1Ah。
(4)将上述锂离子电池置于30℃的恒温烘箱内，在3.0V～4.2V电压范围内以1C倍率进行反复充放电2000次，再将电池以0.33C的倍率放电至2.8V，然后拆解电池，拿出正极极片，观察正极材料的开裂情况。
结果表明：在反复充放电2000次后，将制得的锂离子电池中的正极材料置于电镜下观察，如图6中(A)所示，正极材料仍保持结构完整，没有开裂。
实施例3
(1)合成富镍前驱体：将氢氧化镍、氢氧化钴、氢氧化锰和醋酸锂按化学式Li 0.64Ni 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07O 2进行配比混合，然后盛于纯氧化铝陶瓷钵中，使用100kg/cm2的压力将其压紧至混合物层的厚度为3cm，再置于温度为1100℃的烧结炉中，以5mol/L流量向烧结炉中通入氧气，烧结6h，得到富镍前驱体。经测试，富镍前驱体的分子式为Li 0.62Ni 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07O 1.2，卡门形状系数ψ＝0.79、BET＝0.3平方米/克。
(2)将上述富镍前驱体与氢氧化锂混合，其中氢氧化锂中的Li元素的摩尔数与富镍前驱体中的Ni元素、Co元素及Mn元素的摩尔数总和之比为0.41:1：1，然后置于烧结炉中，以10mol/L流量向烧结炉中通入氧气、700℃下烧结8h，得到富镍材料，经测试：富镍材料的分子式为：LiNi 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07O 2，卡门形状系数ψ＝0.85。
其中，制备富镍材料整个过程所用的原料符合化学式Li (1+0.05)Ni 0.88Co 0.05M 0.07O 2。
分别对制得的富镍前驱体和富镍材料进行XRD测试，结果表明：制得的富镍前驱体和富镍材料具有相似的结构。
后续步骤(3)～(4)：同实施例1步骤(3)～(4)。
结果表明：在反复充放电2000次后，制得的锂离子电池中的正极材料仍保持结构完整，没有开裂。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1基本相同，不同之处仅在于：步骤(1)中，将醋酸锰替换成相同摩尔数的醋酸铜。
其余步骤与实施例1相同。
结果表明：制得的富镍材料的分子式为：LiNi 0.88Co 0.05Cu 0.07O 2，卡门形状系数ψ＝0.86，且制得的富镍材料与制得的富镍前驱体具有相似的结构，制得的锂离子电池反复充放电2000次后，其正极材料仍保持结构完整，没有开裂。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例1基本相同，不同之处仅在于：步骤(1)中，将醋酸锰替换成相同摩尔数的醋酸钛。
其余步骤与实施例1相同。
结果表明：制得的富镍材料的分子式为：LiNi 0.88Co 0.05Ti 0.07O 2，卡门形状系数ψ＝0.84，制得的富镍材料与制得的富镍前驱体具有相似的结构，制得的锂离子电池反复充放电2000次后，其正极材料仍保持结构完整，没有开裂。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例1基本相同，不同之处仅在于：步骤(1)中，将醋酸锰替换成相同摩尔数的醋酸镁。
其余步骤与实施例1相同。
结果表明：制得的富镍材料的分子式为：LiNi0 .88Co 0.05Mg 0.07O 2，卡门形状系数ψ＝0.87，制得的富镍材料与制得的富镍前驱体具有相似的结构，制得的锂离子电池反复充放电2000次后，其正极片仍保持结构完整，没有开裂。
对比例1
(1)合成富镍前驱体：将硫酸镍、硫酸钴和硫酸锰按化学式Ni 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07(OH) 2进行配比混合，然后溶于去离子水中，获得浓度为2mol/L的混合溶液，然后与2mol/L的NaOH 水溶液，5mol/L的氨水溶液同时加入带搅拌装置的反应釜中，在氮气保护下60℃进行沉淀反应，其中NaOH为沉淀剂、氨水为络合剂，当前驱体的粒径D50＝5μm时，停止反应，过滤，将滤饼100℃真空干燥，得到前驱体。经测试，前驱体的分子式为Ni 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07(OH) 2，卡门形状系数ψ＝0.45、BET＝11.03平方米/克。
(2)将上述前驱体与氢氧化锂混合，其中氢氧化锂中的Li元素的摩尔数与富镍前驱体中的Ni元素、Co元素及Mn元素的摩尔数总和之比为1.04：1，然后置于烧结炉中于纯氧气氛、750℃下烧结18h，得到富镍材料，经测试：富镍材料的分子式为：LiNi 0.88Co 0.05Mn 0.07O 2，卡门形状系数ψ＝0.6。
对制得的前驱体和富镍材料分别进行XRD测试，前驱体的XRD测试曲线如附图3中(a)所示，富镍材料的XRD测试曲线如附图3中(b)所示，结果表明：制得的富镍材料的结构与步骤(1)制得的前驱体的结构相差甚远。进一步地，将制得的前驱体置于电镜下，电镜图如附图(4)所示。
对比附图(2)和附图(4)可看出:实施例1中制得的富镍前驱体与对比例1中制得的前驱体的形貌相差甚远。
后续步骤同实施例1步骤(3)～(4)。
结果表明：在循环测试过程中，采用对比例1制得的富镍材料制备的电池的容量保持率随循环寿命次数的增加而大幅衰减，而采用实施例1的制得的富镍材料制备的电池的容量保持率随循环寿命次数的增加而降低的幅度远小于对比例1。
循环测试2000次后，将对比例1中制得的锂离子电池中的正极材料置于电镜下观察，如图6中(B)所示，正极材料开裂，出现明显的裂缝。
上述为本申请的优选方案，显示和描述了本申请的基本原理、主要特征和本申请的优点。本领域的技术人员应该了解本申请不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本申请的原理，在不脱离本申请精神和范围的前提下本申请还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本申请范围内。本申请要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种富镍材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    按照式(1)所示化学式的化学计量比提供制备原料，所述制备原料包括锂盐及除所述锂盐之外的其他金属盐；
    Li (1+a1)Ni xCo yM (1-x-y)O 2(1)，
    其中，0.03≤a1≤0.1，0.6≤x<1，0≤y≤0.1，0<1-x-y≤0.40，M为Mn、Al、Ti、Ba、Sr、Mg、Cr、Zn、V、Cu和Zr中的至少一种；
    以所述其他金属盐与一部分的所述锂盐作为前躯体原料，制得富镍前驱体；
    将所述富镍前驱体与剩余的锂盐混合，烧结，制得富镍材料。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的富镍材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烧结的步骤在含氧气氛下进行，烧结温度为600℃～700℃，烧结时间为5h～10h。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的富镍材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述富镍前驱体的卡门形状系数ψ大于0.7，且BET小于0.5平方米/克。
  4. 如权利要求1～3任一项所述的富镍材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述前躯体原料中各元素的化学计量比如式(2)所示：
    Li cNi xCo yM (1-x-y)O 2(2)，
    其中，0＜c＜1；
    所述剩余的锂盐中的Li元素的摩尔数与所述其他金属盐中的Ni元素、Co元素及M元素的总摩尔数之比为(1+a1-c)：1。
  5. 如权利要求1～4中任一项所述的富镍材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述富镍材料的分子式为Li (1+a2)Ni xCo yM (1-x-y)O (2-b)；-0.10≤a2≤0.20，-0.05≤b≤0.10。
  6. 如权利要求1～5任一项项所述的富镍材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述锂盐选自氢氧化锂、碳酸锂、硫酸锂和醋酸锂中的至少一种。
  7. 如权利要求1～6任一项所述的富镍材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述其他金属盐包括镍盐、钴盐和含M的盐；所述镍盐选自氢氧化镍、碳酸镍、硫酸镍和醋酸镍中的至少一种；和/或
    所述钴盐选自氢氧化钴、碳酸钴、硫酸钴和醋酸钴中的至少一种；和/或
    所述含M的盐选自含M的氢氧化物、含M的硫酸盐、含M的碳酸盐和含M的醋酸盐中的至少一种。
  8. 一种富镍材料，采用如权利要求1～7任一项所述的富镍材料的制备方法制得。
  9. 一种正极片，其特征在于，所述正极片包含集流体以及形成于所述集流体上的活性层，所述活性层的组分包括如权利要求8所述的富镍材料。
  10. 一种电池，其特征在于，所述电池包括如权利要求9所述的正极片。
  11. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，所述用电设备包括如权利要求10所述的电池。
PCT/CN2021/139859 2021-12-21 2021-12-21 富镍材料及其制备方法、正极片、电池及用电设备 WO2023115289A1 (zh)

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