JP5861208B2 - 出力向上のための正極活物質およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
出力向上のための正極活物質およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5861208B2 JP5861208B2 JP2012554933A JP2012554933A JP5861208B2 JP 5861208 B2 JP5861208 B2 JP 5861208B2 JP 2012554933 A JP2012554933 A JP 2012554933A JP 2012554933 A JP2012554933 A JP 2012554933A JP 5861208 B2 JP5861208 B2 JP 5861208B2
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- lithium
- positive electrode
- lithium secondary
- active material
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 69
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- BVPMZCWLVVIHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Li+] BVPMZCWLVVIHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 chain black Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006027 ternary co-polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
[化1]
aLi2MnO3・ (1-a)LiMO2
式中、0<a<1であり、Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V、Fe等からなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つの元素、又は2以上の元素を同時に用いるものである。
[化2]
LixMyM'zXO4
式中、M、M'は移転金属元素から選ばれる1種以上であり、XはP、Si、S、As、Sbおよびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つであり、x+y+z=2である。
上記混合正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池の製造段階と、
上記リチウム二次電池を正極電位を基準として4.45V以上の電圧で充電するフォーメーション段階とを含むリチウム二次電池の製造方法を提供する。
[化1]
aLi2MnO3・ (1-a)LiMO2
式中、0<a<1であり、Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V、Fe等からなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つの元素、又は2以上の元素を同時に用いるものである。
[化2]
LixMyM'zXO4
式中、M、M'は移転金属元素から選ばれる1種以上であり、XはP、Si、S、As、Sbおよびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つであり、x+y+z=2である。
[化1]
aLi2MnO3・ (1-a)LiMO2
式中、0<a<1であり、Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V、Fe等からなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つの元素、又は2以上の元素を同時に用いるものである。
[化2]
LixMyM'zXO4
式中、M、M'は移転金属元素から選ばれる1種以上であり、XはP、Si、S、As、Sbおよびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つであり、x+y+z=2である。
[正極の製造]
LiFePO4と0.5Li2MnO3-0.5Li(Mn0.33NiO.33Co0.33)O2を重量比が3:7となるように混合し、これを正極合剤の総重量に対して88重量%にし、導電材としてデンカブラック6重量%、バインダーとしてPVDF6重量%をNMPに添加してスラリーを作製する。これを正極集電体に塗布して圧延および乾燥して二次電池用正極を製造した。
上記のように製造された正極を含み、リチウム金属からなる負極の間に多孔性ポリエチレンのセパレータを介し、リチウム電解液を注入してコイン型リチウム二次電池を作製した。上記コイン型リチウム二次電池を正極電位を基準として4.6VでCC/CV充電した後、3Vで放電した(C-rate = 0.1C)。
上記実施例1と同様に、リチウムイオン二次電池を製造した後、フォーメーション段階として正極電位を基準として4.4Vで充電したことを除いては実施例1と同一に実施した。
上記実施例1において、0.5Li2MnO3-0.5Li(Mn0.33Ni0.33Co0.33)O2の代わりに、Li(Mn0.33Ni0.33Co0.33)O2を混合したことを除いては実施例1と同一に実施した。
上記比較例2と同様に、リチウムイオン二次電池を製造した後、フォーメーション段階として正極電位を基準として4.4Vで充電したことを除いては比較例2と同一に実施した。
Claims (11)
- 下記一般式(1)で表されるリチウムマンガン酸化物と下記一般式(2)で表されるオリビン構造の金属酸化物とを混合した混合正極活物質を製造する段階を含むリチウム二次電池の製造方法であって、上記混合正極活物質はオリビン構造の金属酸化物を5〜50重量%含むように製造され、上記製造されたリチウム二次電池を、正極電位を基準として4.45V以上の電圧で充電するフォーメーション段階を含むリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
[化1]
0.5Li2MnO3・0.5LiMO2 …(1)
式中、Mは、Mn、Ni、及びCoを同時に用いるものである。
[化2]
LiFePO4 …(2) - 上記フォーメーション段階での充電は1回以上行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記混合正極活物質は、上記オリビン構造の金属酸化物を10〜40重量%含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記混合正極活物質は、リチウムコバルト酸化物、リチウムニッケル酸化物、リチウムマンガン酸化物、リチウムコバルト−ニッケル酸化物、リチウムコバルト−マンガン酸化物、リチウムマンガン−ニッケル酸化物、リチウムコバルト−ニッケル−マンガン酸化物およびこれらに他元素が置換又はドープされた酸化物からなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つ又は2以上のリチウム含有金属酸化物がさらに含まれることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記他元素は、Al、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V、Feからなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つ又は2以上の元素であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記リチウム含有金属酸化物は、混合正極活物質の総重量に対して50重量%以内に含まれることを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記リチウム二次電池は、上記混合正極活物質以外にも導電材、バインダー、充填剤がさらに含まれる正極合剤を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から6のうち何れか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記リチウム二次電池は、中大型デバイスの電源である電池モジュールの単位電池として用いられることを特徴とする請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記中大型デバイスは、パワーツール(power tool)、電気自動車(Electric Vehicle、EV)、ハイブリッド電気車(Hybrid Electric Vehicle、HEV)およびプラグインハイブリッド電気自動車(Plug−in Hybrid Electric Vehicle、PHEV)を含む電気自動車;E−バイク(E−bike)、E−スクーター(E−scooter)を含む電気二輪車;電気ゴルフカート(Electric golf cart);電気トラック;電気商用車又は電力貯蔵用システムであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記混合正極活物の製造段階は、オリビン構造の金属酸化物を導電性物質でコーティングする段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1から9の何れか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記導電性物質はカーボン系物質であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
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CN102859763B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
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