JP5815495B2 - 遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラント - Google Patents
遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラント Download PDFInfo
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- JP5815495B2 JP5815495B2 JP2012257723A JP2012257723A JP5815495B2 JP 5815495 B2 JP5815495 B2 JP 5815495B2 JP 2012257723 A JP2012257723 A JP 2012257723A JP 2012257723 A JP2012257723 A JP 2012257723A JP 5815495 B2 JP5815495 B2 JP 5815495B2
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- orthopedic implant
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- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/72—Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/1036—Measuring load distribution, e.g. podologic studies
- A61B5/1038—Measuring plantar pressure during gait
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- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0031—Implanted circuitry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B2017/00004—(bio)absorbable, (bio)resorbable or resorptive
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B2017/00022—Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B2017/00681—Aspects not otherwise provided for
- A61B2017/00734—Aspects not otherwise provided for battery operated
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/064—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
- A61F2/4657—Measuring instruments used for implanting artificial joints
- A61F2002/4666—Measuring instruments used for implanting artificial joints for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
- A61F2002/4688—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor having operating or control means
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
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- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2005年8月23日に出願の米国特許仮出願第60/710,550号、2005年10月19日に出願の米国特許仮出願第60/728,374号、2006年6月27日に出願の米国特許仮出願第60/816,675号の利益を主張するものである。この参照によって、それぞれの出願の開示は、その全体が本明細書に組み込まれるものとする。
E.ε.A = F -------------(4)
同様の参照番号が同様の要素を示す添付の図面を参照すると、図1が遠隔測定式の髄内(IM)釘10を示す。遠隔式IM釘10が少なくとも1つのセンサ12を備える。1つの特定のセンサ構成が図1に示される。この実施形態では、センサ12が、IM釘10の近位領域20、中央又は中間のシャフト領域22、及び遠位領域24に配置される。図1に示された実施形態では、遠隔測定式のIM釘10は3つのセンサ12a、12b、12cを備え、1つのセンサが各領域に対応する。しかし、当分野の技術者は、より多くの又はより少ない数のセンサが使用でき、センサはその他の構成で適用できることを理解するであろう。遠隔測定式の釘10は、センサ12から生成された一組の歪み値を連続的に測定する。下記により詳細に説明するように、骨折が治癒するのを妨げずに力の成分を計算するために遠隔式測定のIM釘10が釘からの測定値を読取りデバイスに伝送する。
次に図10を参照すると、センサ12は、箔又は半導体の歪みゲージなどの機械的な歪みを測定することが可能なデバイスであることができる。あるいは、センサ12は機械的な負荷を直接的に測定するのに使用されるロードセルであることができる。図1に示された実施形態では、歪みを測定するために箔歪みゲージを使用する。歪みを測定するためのセンサ12の最適な位置は、有限要素(FE)解析によって決定できる。センサ12は、それには限定されないが、たとえばインプラント10の動作領域に配置できる。動作領域は、2つの固定孔26、28の間の領域として定義される。固定孔26、28は、インプラント10を骨に取り付けるねじなどの留め具を受けるようになされる。図10で理解できるように、より暗色の、濃く塗られた領域が応力集中を示す。応力分布は、釘10が患者の股関節によって負荷を加えられ、近位の孔26と整列する釘10の外面に高い曲げ応力を生じる方式で現れる。一般に、応力の50%の低下が、外部の装着ではなく、インプラントの内側に配置されたセンサの間で観測される。
遠隔式IM釘10はセンサ12を備える。センサ12は、少なくとも1つの品目、事象、条件等を感知する。センサ12はそれには限定されないが、箔歪みゲージ、半導体歪みゲージ、振動式のビームセンサ、力覚センサ、圧電素子、ファイバブラッググレーティング、ジャイロコンパス、又は巨大磁気インピーダンス(GMI)センサを含む任意の数のタイプであることができる。さらに、センサ12は、それには限定されないが、歪み、pH、温度、圧力、変位、流れ、加速、方向、アコースティックエミッション、電圧、パルス、特定のたんぱく質の表示などのバイオマーカの表示、酸素検出器、酸素ポテンシャル検出器、又は二酸化炭素検出器などによる化学的な存在、代謝活動、又は白血球、赤血球、血小板、成長因子、又はコラーゲンの存在を示すための生物学的な示度を含む任意の種類の条件を示すことができる。最後に、センサ12は画像取込みデバイスであることができる。
電子部品18はデータ受信機50と通信している。電子部品18は、センサ12からデータを受け取り、データをデータ受信機50に伝達する。電子部品18は、データを有線又は無線接続によってデータを伝達する。送信は、ZIGBEE(登録商標)、BLUETOOTH(登録商標)、Technology Partnership Plc社(TTP)によって開発されたMatrix technology、又はその他の無線周波数(RF)技術などの利用可能な技術を使用することができる。ZigBeeは、個人用無線ネットワーク(WPAN)に関して設計された、公開された規格の組の高レベルの通信プロトコルである。ZIGBEEの商標は、94583 米国カリフォルニア州、San Ramon、Camino Ramon 2400、Suite 375 の ZigBee Alliance Corp社によって所有されている。Bluetoothは無線デバイスの間の短距離通信を促進する技術的な業界標準である。BLUETOOTHの商標は、98004 米国ワシントン州、Bellevue、500 108th Avenue NE、Suite 250 の Bluetooth Sig, Inc.社によって所有されている。RFは、周波数がおよそ0.1MHzの上の信号を使用してデータを送受信するために電磁波を使用する無線通信技術である。大きさ及び出力消費の規制により、遠隔測定式のIM釘10は、通信に関するいくつかの国際的な標準に適合するために、メディカルインプランタブルコミュニケーションズサービス(Medical Implantable Communications Service)(MICS)を利用できる。
図12は、プリント回路基板などの電子部品18及びデータ受信機50を示す。電子部品18は、送電機32、DC電源34、アナログ/デジタル変換器及びマイクロプロセッサの組合せ36、並びにセンサデータ送信機38を備える。データ受信機50は、センサデータ受信機52及び送電機54を備える。個別の部品として示されるが、当分野の技術者は、送信機及び受信機がトランシーバと呼ばれることもある単一のユニットに結合できることを理解するであろう。図12に示される実施形態では、電力消費及びデータ送信は非接触である。電子部品18は、(1)任意の数の箔歪みゲージ、(2)適合する数の低ノイズ、低電力の計装増幅器、(3)適合する数のホイートストンブリッジ抵抗回路網、(4)適合する数の歪みゲージゼロ調整部、及び、(5)ノイズフィルタを備えるオンボード電源のうちの任意のものを備えることができる。
遠隔測定式のIM釘10は、1つ又は複数の電力管理策を組み込むことができる。電力管理策は、移植された電源又は誘導性の電源を備えることができる。移植された電源は、バッテリなどの何か単純なもの、又は、エネルギースカベンジングデバイス(energy scavenging devices)などの何かより複雑なものであり得る。エネルギースカベンジングデバイスは、運動の動力を与えられた圧電又は電磁発電機、及び、関連する電荷蓄積デバイスを備えることができる。誘電式の電源が誘導結合システム及び無線周波数(RF)電磁野を備える。
移植可能な遠隔測定式のシステムに関する要求は厳しく、ロバスト性を有する方法を利用して整形外科インプラントからデータを取り込まなければならない。当分野のこれまでの取り組みでは、信号が計装化された髄内釘に関して必要な範囲で提供されなかった。したがって、遠隔測定式のIM釘10はその最も単純化されたバージョンで有線インターフェースを有する。言い換えれば、電子部品18は電線(図示されない)を介して外部の制御ユニット62に接続される。制御ユニット62は、アームバンド、リストバンド、シースバンド、又はアンクレットブレスレットなどの着用可能なデバイスとして患者100の上に配置できる。あるいは、制御ユニット62は、制御ユニットをキャストの内側に配置し、又は制御ユニットをキャストの外側に取り付けることなどによってキャスト64に連結できる。
いくつかの実施形態では、計算デバイス118はグラフィカルユーザインターフェース(GUI)を備える。GUIは医療提供者及び/又は患者が、たとえば遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラント112からのたとえば遠隔医療などの局部的又は遠隔的に収集されたデータに基づいて情報を表示できるようにする。GUIは通信するシステムを識別し、使用者にセキュリティ許可に関して促し、セキュリティ許可を確証し、遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラント112又はリーダ116からデータをダウンロードする。次いでデータはさらに処理されて、単純な個別の治癒の進行状態の数又は用語から、患者の歩行サイクル曲線の図表再生、患者の活動、患者のコンプライアンス、患者のデータ、医療提供者の情報、インプラント製造情報、外科的な技術、X線写真情報、コンピュータ断層撮影情報、磁気共鳴画像情報などの複雑な情報まで様々な形にできる。
固定及び手術が骨の治癒を促進できるが、骨折の治癒は適切な生理学的な治癒をさらに必要とし、その治癒はセンサ及び生体遠隔測定システムを使用してインプラントと周囲の骨の間のその場の負荷分布の変化を連続的に監視することによって達成できる。骨の質量及び構造はそこに加えられる機械的な負荷によって影響を受けることが知られている。内部の整形外科的な固定システムの管理の不足によって生じた応力遮蔽により適切な負荷が失われると、骨の質量が低下し、骨折の治癒が損なわれることになる。遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントの主な機能は、外科的な配置の直後に負荷を支持することである。たとえば遠隔測定式の整形外科の釘は、髄内の管に外科的に配置した直後に負荷を支持する。骨折の治癒が進行するのに伴って、インプラントと骨の間の負荷分担が変化する。これは、骨折の位置により整形外科インプラント内に最適に配置された歪みゲージを使用して追跡できる。センサは、全ての空間の成分のうちの治癒する骨の負荷の成分を連続的に監視することによって、骨折の場合の接合の進行を監視するのに使用され、それはX線からは得ることが不可能である。定期的な継続管理により、接合が生じるまでの破片の相対運動の漸減を示すグラフがもたらされる。
本発明は、外部のデバイスがデータにアクセスし、データを患者、外科医、医療提供者、又は理学療法士などの査閲者に示すまで歩行データが集められ、処理され、記憶される、歩行分析器具も備える。遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントは約1から2000Hzの範囲のサンプリング率で時間を経て変化する加速度を出力できる加速度計を備えることができる。加速度計を着用し、着用者が通常の補助されない歩行を受けることから得られる、グラフで表したデータ出力の例に関しては、図22を参照されたい。次いでセンサの出力データは、分析のために所望したとおりに操作される。1つのそのような方法は、時間領域から周波数領域にデータを変換し、生体測定のマーカ又はパターンを探すことである。図23〜図25は、周波数領域に変換された図22に示されるものと同様のデータを示す。これらの図では、図23〜図25での違いとして見られる着用者の歩行シグニチャ(gait signature)を定義する様々な周波数での個別のピークが見られる。患者の歩行は、時間及び加齢と共に次第に変化し、又は患者が下肢の骨のいずれかに極度の外傷を受けた場合のように急激に変化する。人工的に誘発された鎮痛歩行パターンに関する周波数領域の歩行シグニチャが図26で分かる。
示された実施形態は特に骨の治癒のために設計された、計装された髄内釘の機能に注目しているが、別の実施形態には、センサ及びその他の電子部品をプレート、骨ねじ、カニューレを挿入されたねじ、ピン、ロッド、ステープル、及びケーブルなどのその他の移植可能な外傷用製品内に組み込むことが含まれる。さらに、本明細書に示された計装は、人工膝関節置換術(TKR)、及び人工股関節置換術(THR)、歯科インプラント、及び頭蓋顎顔面インプラントなどの関節置換インプラントに拡張可能である。
12 センサ
12a センサ
12b センサ
12c センサ
14 窪み
16 導線
18 電子部品
20 近位領域
22 中央又は中間のシャフト領域
24 遠位領域
26 近位の孔
28 遠位の孔
30 注封材料
32 送電機
34 DC電源
36 アナログ/デジタル変換器及びマイクロプロセッサの組合せ
38 センサデータ送信機
40 電子部品
42 電子部品
44 釘ヘッド挿入部
46 穴
50 データ受信機
52 センサデータ受信機
54 送電機
60 手持ち式デバイス
62 制御ユニット
64 キャスト
66 ディスプレイ
68 スピーカ
100 患者
102 脚
110 インプラントシステム
112 整形外科インプラント
114 制御ユニット
116 リーダ
118 計算デバイス
120 センサ
122 マイクロコントローラ
124 蓄積された成果物
126 作動ユニット
128 発電機
130 エネルギー蓄積デバイス
132 論理回路
134 マイクロコントローラ
136 RF検出器コイル
138 RF負荷スイッチ
200 大腿骨のモデル
210 間隙
220 髄内釘
Claims (21)
- a.整形外科インプラントであって、
i. 少なくとも1つのセンサと、
ii. 前記少なくとも1つのセンサを受けるように該整形外科インプラントの外面に設けられた第1の窪みと、
iii. 前記少なくとも1つのセンサに電気的に接続され、少なくとも1つの電気供給、第1の送信機、第1の受信機、及び、第1のマイクロプロセッサを備える電子部品と、
iv. 前記電子部品を受けるように該整形外科インプラントの外面に設けられた第2の窪みと、
v. 前記第1の窪み及び前記第2の窪みを密封するための注封材料と、
vi. 前記電子部品に電気的に接続された電源と、
vii. 前記電子部品に電気的に接続され、条件に基づいて機能を実行するようになされた作動ユニットと、
を備える整形外科インプラントと、
b.制御ユニットであって、
i.第2のマイクロプロセッサと、
ii.前記第2のマイクロプロセッサに電気的に接続され、信号を前記電子部品の前記第1の受信機に送るようになされた第2の送信機と、
iii.前記第2のマイクロプロセッサに電気的に接続され、データを前記電子部品の前記第1の送信機から受けるようになされた第2の受信機と、
を備える制御ユニットと、
を含んでなり、
前記整形外科インプラントの前記外面は、前面又は後面を含んでなることを特徴とする、遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。 - 前記整形外科インプラントが髄内釘であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記髄内釘が貫通孔を含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記第1の窪みの深さが0.1mmから2.0mmの範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのセンサが、箔歪みゲージ、半導体歪みゲージ、振動式のビームセンサ、力覚センサ、圧電素子、ファイバブラッググレーティング、及び、巨大磁気インピーダンス(GMI)センサからなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記制御ユニットがグラフィカルユーザインターフェースをさらに含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記整形外科インプラントが少なくとも前記電子部品を収容するための釘ヘッド挿入部をさらに含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記第1の送信機及び前記第1の受信機が単一の第1のトランシーバに結合され、第2の送信機及び第2の受信機が単一の第2のトランシーバに結合されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 手持ち式デバイスをさらに含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- リーダをさらに含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 計算デバイスをさらに含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 歩行分析器具をさらに含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記機能が蓄積された成果物の分配であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記条件が前記少なくとも1つのセンサによって得られるデータに基づいていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記条件が前記制御ユニットによって提供されるコマンドに基づいていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのセンサが、歪みゲージ、pHセンサ、温度センサ、圧力センサ、流れセンサ、加速度計、ジャイロスコープ、音響センサ、電圧センサ、パルスメータ、画像取込みデバイス、バイオマーカ表示器、化学物質検出器、及び、生物学的表示器からなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記バイオマーカ表示器が特定のたんぱく質表示器であることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記化学物質検出器が、酸素検出器、酸素ポテンシャル検出器、及び、二酸化炭素検出器からなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記電源が、バッテリ、エネルギースカベンジングデバイス、及び、誘導性の電源からなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記エネルギースカベンジングデバイスが、運動の動力を与えられた圧電デバイス、及び、電磁発電機からなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項19に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
- 前記エネルギースカベンジングデバイスに電気的に接続された電荷蓄積デバイスをさらに含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項19又は20に記載の遠隔測定式の整形外科インプラントシステム。
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WO2007025191A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
US20080300597A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
US20120277746A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
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