JP5809237B2 - 拡張可能なスライドロックステント - Google Patents
拡張可能なスライドロックステント Download PDFInfo
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- JP5809237B2 JP5809237B2 JP2013504010A JP2013504010A JP5809237B2 JP 5809237 B2 JP5809237 B2 JP 5809237B2 JP 2013504010 A JP2013504010 A JP 2013504010A JP 2013504010 A JP2013504010 A JP 2013504010A JP 5809237 B2 JP5809237 B2 JP 5809237B2
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Description
ここで述べるように、ここに開示された実施形態の少なくとも1つにしたがって、血管インプラントは、引渡しに関係するいくつかの機械的制限に直面することがあるという認識がある。たとえば、血管系のいくつかの部分は湾曲し、またはほぼ非円筒形である。血管系のこれらの部分は、ステント装置を展開するのが困難であることがわかっている。ときどき、血管の湾曲によって、展開されたステント、特に構造上、柔軟性が不十分なステントが折れ曲がることがある。湾曲した血管は、以下に詳しく説明するヒンジングとデンティングの可能性をさらに増大させる。
ここに開示された原理にしたがって、ステントの形状を管状部材として一般的に説明する。管状部材は、折り畳まれた状態から拡張された状態に拡張することができる。
図1から図20Dは、ここに開示された実施形態の態様を有するステントの実施形態の例を示している。ステントの構造を明らかにするために、これらの図のいくつかは、平らな(例えば、巻かれていない)状態の種々のステントの実施形態を示している。しかしながら、血管構造でのそのような引渡しと移植の少なくとも一方のために、そのような実施形態は管状部材を構成するように巻くことができると理解されるべきである。わかりやすくするために、ステントの一部がをステントの対向する両側にある(たとえば、図9Aの要素732aと735を参照)と示されているが、巻かれた状態では、そのような複数の要素は滑って係合させられることができる(たとえば、図9Cを参照)。さまざまな図は、ステントが管状の部材に構成された場合、ステントの長手軸640の表示を含んでいる。長手軸640は、ここに開示されたステントの構成部品の相対角度と向きを測定する際の基準のフレームをもたらすことができる。しかしながら、長手軸640はすべての図においてステントの中心軸を表わさなくてもよく、その代わり、ステントの中心軸に平行に延びる軸を表してよい。
図1と図2は、ステントまたはステント組み立て体の実施形態の(管状の状態における)周方向面を平面で表したものを示している。図1と図2の例は、ステント組み立て体を完全なものにするように概ね周方向に延びる、ステントの細長い部材、すなわちレール部材の、2つの異なった相互接続構造を示している。図示された実施形態は、概ねU字形のレール要素と3つの背骨を有している。他の実施形態は3つよりも多いか少ない背骨を有している。他の実施形態では、レール部材はたとえばU字形である必要はなく、「W字形」部材などのような他の形状を用いるのが有利である。
ここに記載された例の多くは、ステントの長手軸640に対して概ね垂直な方向を向いた(そして、背骨の螺旋状または斜めの部分に対して概ね斜めの方向を向いた)、レール部材のパターンを有しているが、ここに記載された独自かつ新規な態様から外れることなく他の構成を用いてもよい。
ステントを、内腔内にその軸線に沿って同様の形で展開しまたは拡張することが好ましいことが多い。他の場合では、ステントのある部分を、他の部分の前か後に展開させることが望まれることもある。バルーンをベースにした展開システムが、ステントの軸線に沿ったある点に大きな力または圧力をかけ、あるいは長手方向の異なった点においてそのうちに膨張しようとする傾向がある。ステント構造は、所望の展開シーケンスを行うように作られてよい。
記載された例の多くは、ステントの長手軸に対して、概ね一定の角度で、概ね螺旋状を向いた背骨のパターンを有するが、他の構成を、ここに開示された独自で、新規な態様から外れることなく、使用してもよい。
記載された例の多くは、配列の近位端から遠位端へと一定の方向を向いた複数のレール部材、すなわち複数のレール要素のパターンを有しているが、他の構成を、ここに開示された独自、かつ新規な態様から外れることなく用いてもよい。
図10Aから図10Fは、貫通穴内のまたはこれに隣接する背骨と係合する、ここに示された様々な実施形態の細長い要素またはレール上に設けられた歯、すなわちロック部材の他の実施形態を示している。図10Aから図10Fの各々は、複数の歯772を含むレール774の一部を示している。いくつかの実施形態では、歯は各細長い要素の複数の縁上に配置されている。他の実施形態では、歯は、図10Aから図10Fに示されているような単一の縁上に配置されている。
図12Aと図12Bは、レール部材の追加の複数のモジュールが含まれる、ステントの他の実施形態780を示している。図9Aから9Dの実施形態と同様に、実施形態780は、ステントの軸に対して概ね垂直な(たとえば、図12Aと図12Bの図示において下向きの)方向を向いた、レール部材の少なくとも第1のモジュール784と、レール部材の第1のモジュール784に対して概ね反対で、ステントの軸に対して概ね垂直な(たとえば、図12Aと図12Bの図示において上向きの)方向を向いた、レール部材の少なくとも第2のモジュール785を有している。
図16は、図12Aに示された圧縮されたステント組立て体780の中央部分の詳細図であり、要素には図12Aと同じに符号が付けられている。図示のように、背骨782bは、図示された背骨部分に対する全体螺旋角度(θoa)を含むことができる。一般に、より急な全体螺旋角度は、長手方向のより大きな柔軟性とより大きな半径方向の強度を有する展開されたステントに貢献する。これに対し、よりゆるい全体螺旋角度は通常、バルーンの展開の間、拡張させられ、拡張するにつれて捩れる傾向は少なくなり、それにより、より滑らかで、より一様な展開を促進する組立て体に貢献する。全体螺旋角度は、所望のステント特性が得られるように選択されてよい。たとえば、いくつかの場合には、全体螺旋角度は、上記の複数の一般特性の間を平衡させるように選択される。
ステント装置の全体の製造工程は、次のサブ工程のいくつかまたは全てを何らかの効率的な作業順序で含んでよい。
ポリマーの合成、組み合わせ、混合の少なくとも1つ。
生体内分解性の合金または非生体内分解性の合金のような、生体適合性のある金属材料のような非ポリマー材料。全てのまたはいくつかの部品は金属性であってよく、以下の複数の金属シート処理工程は、以下のポリマー指向の複数の工程と機能的に等化であってよい。
たとえば、強化材料、薬物担体粒子、などの、オプションとしての複合材料。
ポリマーフィルムのプレス、成形、熱処理の少なくとも1つ。
多層フィルム。
ポリマーフィルムの薬剤塗布。
ポリマーフィルムからの複数の部品の切断、たとえばレーザ切断。いくつかの実施形態では、ステントの異なった部品が異なったフィルム組成またはフィルム構造を有してもよい。
工業精密部品製造方法、射出成形、3次元印刷、紫外線立体成形、など。
製造された部品、たとえば、噴霧、浸し、などによる、ポリマー/溶剤担体において用いられた再狭窄防止複合物の薬剤塗布。
部品、たとえば、予成形された背骨とレール部材(たとえば、図18、図19A、図19Bを参照)の予備形成と予備成形の少なくとも一方。
半圧縮された構成のステント組み立て体、たとえば
複数の部品を保持し、操作する工具と、
背骨組み立て体を保持する穴付きマンドレルと、
レール部材の、スライド穴を貫通する挿入と、
レール部材の、接着窪みまたは接着穴内への接着(接着、溶剤結合、加熱またはエネルギー接着、など)と、
余分な材料と余分な組み立てタブの少なくとも一方の、部品からの取り除きと、
任意である、組み立て体後処理、被覆、研磨の少なくとも1つと、
の少なくとも1つ。
組み立てられたステントの検査と品質管理。
最後に、ステントの圧縮と、バルーンカテーテルへの取り付け(たとえば、虹彩状の一様圧縮装置、バルーンへ加えられる熱、圧力、流体、真空、圧力の少なくとも1つ、など)。
ステント/カテーテル製品の包装と殺菌(たとえば、Eビーム照射、化学殺菌、など)。
ここで述べたように、螺旋状のスライドロックステントの実施形態は、従来のポリマーのステントと比べて、優れた柔軟性と剛性を有することができる。この点について、様々な試験が、ここに開示された実施形態の剛性が、従来技術のポリマーのステントの剛性よりも大きいことを示している。実際、ここに開示された実施形態の剛性のような構造特性は、金属のステントの構造特性に非常によく似ている。
実施形態によるステントは、非常に様々な製造方法、製造技術、および製造手順を用いて製造または作り出すことができる。これらは、特に、レーザ処理、フライス加工、スタンピング、形成、鋳造、成形、ボンディング、溶接、接着による固定、などを含むが、これらに限定されない。
ステントは1つ以上の材料から作ることができる。これらの材料は、金属、ポリマー、複合材料、形状記憶材料を含む。他の任意の実施形態では、ステントはさらに、開示の全体が参照によってここに含まれる、係属中の米国特許出願公開第10/952,202号明細書に開示されたもののような、生体適合性のある、そして望ましくは生体吸収性のポリマーから作られた管状部材を有してよい。用いられる様々なポリマー製剤は、立体異性、合成物、充填材料、などを含んでよいホモポリマーとヘテロポリマーを含んでよいことも理解される。ホモポリマーはここでは、全て同じ種類のポリマーからなるポリマーを指すのに使用されている。ヘテロポリマーはここでは、共重合体とも呼ばれる2つ以上の異なった種類のモノマーからなるポリマーを指すのに使用されている。ヘテロポリマー、すなわち共重合は、ブロック、ランダム、交互、として知られている種類であってよい。さらに、様々なポリマー製剤の提示について、実施形態による製品は、ホモポリマーと、ヘテロポリマーと、そのようなポリマーの混合物の少なくとも1つからなってよい。
いくつかの実施形態によるステントを製造するための考えられる材料は、コバルトクローム、316ステンレス鋼、タンタル、チタニウム、タングステン、金、白金、イリジウム、ロジウム、そしてその合金または熱分解カーボンを含む。さらに他の代わりの実施形態では、ステントは、腐食性材料、たとえば、マグネシウム合金で作ることができる。ステントの様々な実施形態を、バルーンが膨張可能な従来のステントとして記載したが、当業者は、実施形態によるステントの構造が、ステントを押し潰しから復元できるようにするために、他の種々の材料からも作ることができることを理解するであろう。たとえば、自己拡張可能なステントのような代わりの実施形態では、Nitinol and Elastinite(登録商標)のような、それを可能にする形状記憶合金を、実施形態にしたがって使用することができる。
金属のステントは、ある望ましい特性を有しているが、ステントの耐用年数は、切迫した再狭窄が安定し、回復が頭打ちになる時間である、約6−9カ月の範囲であると見積もられている。金属のステントとは対照的に、生体吸収性のステントは、血管内ではその実用性より長く存在することはできない。さらに、生物吸収性のステントはことによると、血管疾患の特定の態様または事象を治療するために、一回に大量の治療薬を投薬するのに、あるいは同じ時間にまたはその製品寿命の様々な時間に複数の治療薬を投薬するのに使用することができる。さらに、生体吸収性のステントは、血管のおおよそ同じ領域を繰り返し治療することも可能にする。したがって、一時的な(すなわち、生体吸収性と放射線不透過性の少なくとも一方の)ステントを開発する、重要で満たされていない要求が存在し、これらのステントを作るのに使用されるポリマー材料は、金属の永久ステントの使用に伴う多くの欠点や制限を回避または軽減しつつ、金属の望ましい性質(たとえば、十分な半径方向強度、放射線不透過性、など)を持つことができる。
プラスティック材料と分解性の材料の少なくとも一方が使用される場合、要素は、スクリーン、ステンシル、マスク付きレーザーアブレーションと、溶剤鋳造と、スタンピング、型押し、圧縮成形、遠心力回転成形による形成と、フリーフォーム製作技術、立体リソグラフィー、選択的レーザー焼結、などを用いて押し出し、切断、三次元急速試作品の製造、プラズマエッチングを含むエッチング技術と、フェルト上に成形すること、編むこと、または織ることを含む織物製造方法と、溶融堆積モデル化、射出成形、室温で加硫処理した成形、またはシリコンゴム成形を含む成形技術と、溶剤付き鋳造、直接殻製造鋳造、インベストメント鋳造法、ダイキャスト鋳造法、樹脂注入法、樹脂処理電鋳法、または射出成形またはRIM成形を含む鋳造技術を用いて作ることができる。開示されたポリマーを有するある実施形態は、その2つ以上の組み合わせ、などによってステントに形作ることができる。
医療用品に放射線不透過性を加える従来の方法は、金属帯、インサート、マーカーの少なくとも1つの使用と、電気化学的蒸着(すなわち、電気めっき)または被覆を含む。ステントの追跡と位置決めを容易にする放射線不透過体(すなわち、放射線不透過性材料)の追加は、そのような要素を何らかの製造方法に追加することによって、装置の一部または全部の表面に吸収または噴霧することによって、対応できるであろう。放射線不透過性のコントラストの程度は要素の内容によって変えることができる。
さらに他の代わりの実施形態では、様々な材料(たとえば、金属、ポリマー、セラミックス、治療薬)が、ステントの実施形態を製作するために使用することができる。これら実施形態は、1)材料の積層体を作るために、(垂直軸または半径軸での積層による)異なって積層された複数の材料(材料は、たとえば、平行、交互に、など、任意の形態に積み重ねることができる)と、2)ステントの本体の長手軸と厚さの少なくとも一方に沿って変わることができる空間的に局在の複数の材料と、3)ステントの複合本体を作るために、混合または溶解される材料(たとえば、それによって、1つ以上の治療薬が、ポリマー付きのステントの本体ボディ内にある)と、4)材料をステントの本体の表面上に積層(または被覆)することができる実施形態(「機能的特性を有するステント表面被覆(Stent Surface Coatings with Functional Properties)」と「ステントによって引渡しされる治療薬(Therapeutic Agents Delivered by Stents)」を参照)と、5)少なくとも1つの部品が第2の部品、またはその組み合わせと材料的に異なることができる2つ以上の部品からなるステント、を含むことができる。
他の実現例において、ステントは、選択された治療効果を発揮するのに十分な(医薬品と生物学的薬剤の少なくとも一方について以前に定めた)治療薬の量をさらに含むことができる。ステント自身の少なくとも一部の材料は、少なくとも1つの治療薬を有してよく、または少なくとも1つの治療薬をステントに、次の成形法または成形工程で追加してもよい。ステントのいくつかの実施形態(たとえば、ポリマーのステントまたは多材料のステント)では、治療薬はポリマーと混合されるか、または当業者に知られている他の手段によって混ぜられるので、治療薬をステント内に含めてもよい。
治療薬を引渡し、たとえば、反発ホスホリルコリンのような生体ポリマーをステント上に引渡しできるステントに加えて、ステントは、ある臨床効果のために望まれる、身体の内腔内の生物学的反応を促すように、予め決められた、他の生体吸収可能なポリマーで被覆されてよい。さらに、被覆は、ステントの実施形態を含むように使用されるポリマーの表面特性を(一時的または永久的に)マスクするように使用されてよい。被覆は、何らかのポリ(アルキレングリコール)を含んでも含まなくてもよいハロゲン化されたまたはハロゲン化されていない、の一方または組み合わせを含んでよい、生体適合性があり、生体吸収性のある、広い種類のポリマーから選択されてよい。これらのポリマーは、例えば、ホモポリマー、ヘレロポリマー、立体異性体、そしてそのようなポリマーの混合の少なくとも1つを含む組成変異を含んでよい。これらのポリマーは、たとえば、ポリカーボネート、ポリアレート、ポリ(エステル・アミド)、ポリ(アミド・カーボネート)、トリメチレン、カーボネート、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリジオキサン、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸塩、ポリヒドロキシ吉草塩、ポリグリコール酸、ポリラクチド、立体異性体、グリコリド/ラクチド共重合体のような、その共重合体を含んでよいが、これらに限定されない。他の実施形態では、ステントは、負に帯電された赤血球の外側細胞膜に反発し、血栓形成のリスクを減らす、負電荷を示すポリマーで被覆されてよい。他の実施形態では、ステントは、治癒を促進する細胞(たとえば、内皮細胞)に対する親和性を示すポリマーで被覆されてよい。なお、さらに他の実施形態では、ステントは、動脈の再狭窄と、マクロファージのような炎症細胞の少なくとも一方を減らすために、特定の細胞、たとえば、動脈の繊維芽細胞と滑らかな筋細胞の少なくとも一方の付着と増殖の少なくとも一方を阻止するポリマーで被覆されてよい。
参照によって全体がここに含まれる、ここで引用された参考文献のいくつかを以下に記載する。
Coroneos E,Martinez M,McKenna S,Kester M.,「成長因子とサイトカインによるスフィンゴミエリナーゼとセラミダーゼの活動の分別制御」(Differential regulation of sphingomyelinase and ceramidase activities by growth factors and cytokines. Implications for cellular proliferation and differentiation)J,Biol.Chem.1995;270(40):23305−9、
Coroneos E,Wang Y,Panusuka JR,Templeton DJ,Kester M.,「スフィンゴ脂質代謝産物が細胞外の信号制御されたキナーゼとタンパク質キナーゼ・カスケードを分別制御」(Sphingolipid metabolites differentially regulate extracellular signal−regulated kinase and stress−activated protein kinase cascades)Biochem J.1996;316(Pt 1):13−7、
Jacobs LS,Kester M.「血管の滑らかな筋肉細胞における血小板由来因子の効能の仲介者としてのスフィンゴ脂質」(Sphingolipids as mediators of effects of platelet−derived growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells)Am.J.Physiology 1993;265(3 Pt 1):C740−7、
Tanguay JF,Zidar JP,Phillips HR,3rd,Stack RS「生体分解性のステントの現在の状況」(Current status of biodegradable stents)、Cardiol.Clin.1994;12(4):699−713、
Nikol S,Huehns TY,Hofling B.,「分子生物学と後血管形成再狭窄」(Molecular biology and post−angioplasty restenosis)、Antherosclerosis 1996;123(1−2):17−3、
Buddy D.Ratner,Allan S.Hoffman,Frederick J.Schoen,And Jack E.Lemons,「生体材料科学:医薬における材料への序論」(Biomaterials Science;An Introduction to Materials in Medicine)、Elsvier academic Press 2004。
Claims (13)
- 周と長手軸とを有する管状部材を有する拡張可能なスライドロックステントであって、
各々が反転螺旋形状を有し、かつ、正に向かう傾きを有する少なくとも1つの部分と、負に向かう傾きを有する少なくとも1つの部分とを有し、前記周の少なくとも一部に沿ってそして前記長手軸に沿って延びる第1および第2の背骨と、
近位端と遠位端を形成するレール部材であって、前記レール部材の前記近位端は前記第1の背骨に結合され、前記レール部材の前記遠位端は前記第1の背骨から前記周の方向に延び、前記レール部材は前記第2の背骨内の係合要素と係合するように構成されている、レール部材と、
を有し、
正に向かう傾きを有する前記部分と、負に向かう傾きを有する前記部分の少なくとも1つが複数の波形をさらに含み、
前記正に向かう傾きを有する部分および前記負に向かう傾きを有する部分の各々が、複数の穴をさらに有し、前記穴の各々が、同じ前記部分上で隣接している前記穴と比較して前記長手軸に対して異なった角度で配置されており、
前記第2の背骨内の前記係合要素は、前記複数の穴の少なくとも1つを含み、
前記管状部材が折り畳まれた状態の直径から拡張された状態の直径までの間を拡張できるように、前記レール部材により前記第2の背骨が、前記第1の背骨から離れる一方向の運動を行うように構成されている、
拡張可能なスライドロックステント。 - 前記反転螺旋形状が反転曲線形状を含む、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記反転螺旋形状が正弦曲線の形状を含む、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記の複数の波形が複数の連続した曲線を含む、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記第1および第2の背骨の前記反転螺旋形状が、前記第1および第2の背骨の少なくとも一方に少なくとも沿って延びるサブパターンの波形を含む、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記レール部材と前記第2の背骨とが斜角をなして交差している、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 各近位端と遠位端を形成する複数のレール部材をさらに有し、前記複数のレール部材の各々の前記近位端は前記第1の背骨に結合され、前記複数のレール部材の各々の前記遠位端は前記第1の背骨から周方向に延び、前記レール部材は前記第2の背骨内の複数の穴の1つと交差し、かつこれを通過するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記第2の背骨内の1つ以上の前記穴が穴角度を形成し、前記穴角度が前記長手軸に対して斜めに延びている、請求項7に記載のステント。
- 前記穴の各々が、前記長手軸に対して隣接している前記穴とは比較して異なった角度で配置されている、請求項8に記載のステント。
- 前記第1および第2の背骨が反転螺旋背骨であり、該反転螺旋背骨は、その頂点と谷の間を前記背骨に沿って延びる、概ね曲線状のサブ形態を形成している、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記レール部材が、前記ステントの一方向の拡張をもたらすように、穴と係合する1つ以上の歯を含む、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記穴が、中央の通路と、前記レール部材の歯と係合する少なくとも1つの内部窪みを有する、請求項11に記載のステント。
- 請求項12に記載のステントを形成する方法であって、
前記中央の通路を、第1の貫通穴として前記背骨内に前記ステントの周方向に形成することと、前記の少なくとも1つの内部窪みを、第2の貫通穴として前記背骨内に、前記第1および第2の貫通穴が部分的に重なるように、前記中央の通路の周方向に対して横の方向に形成することと、を有する方法。
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-
2011
- 2011-04-08 WO PCT/US2011/031853 patent/WO2011127452A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-04-08 CN CN201180017266.1A patent/CN102843997B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-08 AU AU2011237303A patent/AU2011237303B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-04-08 JP JP2013504010A patent/JP5809237B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-08 US US13/083,508 patent/US8523936B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-08 EP EP11715815.4A patent/EP2558041B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-04-08 CA CA2795292A patent/CA2795292A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9452068B2 (en) | 2010-04-10 | 2016-09-27 | Reva Medical, Inc. | Expandable slide and lock stent |
US9408732B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-08-09 | Reva Medical, Inc. | Reduced-profile slide and lock stent |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102843997A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
CA2795292A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
EP2558041B1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
CN102843997B (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
AU2011237303A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
US8523936B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
US9452068B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 |
US20140067042A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
EP2558041A1 (en) | 2013-02-20 |
US20110251674A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
JP2013523352A (ja) | 2013-06-17 |
WO2011127452A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
AU2011237303B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
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