JP5649574B2 - 軸方向に入れ子式の摺動固定式拡張デバイス - Google Patents
軸方向に入れ子式の摺動固定式拡張デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- CGTADGCBEXYWNE-JUKNQOCSSA-N zotarolimus Chemical compound N1([C@H]2CC[C@@H](C[C@@H](C)[C@H]3OC(=O)[C@@H]4CCCCN4C(=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)[C@H](C)CC[C@H](O4)C[C@@H](/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C3)OC)C[C@H]2OC)C=NN=N1 CGTADGCBEXYWNE-JUKNQOCSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009819 zotarolimus Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、概して、体内管腔の支持を維持するための拡張可能な医療用インプラントに関する。より具体的には、本発明は、体内管腔の一部を拡張するための、主として軸方向に入れ子式の、直径方向に拡張可能な摺動固定式デバイスに関する。
ステントまたは拡張可能なステントグラフトは、体内管腔の開存性を維持する目的で様々な体内管腔に移植される。体内管腔は、その大小に関わらず血管性および非血管性であり得る。これらのデバイスは、典型的には、容易に接近可能な場所で挿入され、次いで展開位置まで前進させられるカテーテルを使用して管腔内に移植される。最初、ステントは、管腔を通って操作できるように、半径方向に圧縮された状態または折り畳まれた状態である。所定の位置に達するとステントが展開されるが、この展開は、その構成に応じて、例えば、その周囲にステントを担持するカテーテル上のバルーンを膨張させることによって、自動的にまたは手動で達成されてもよい。
図1Aは、概して、長手方向に配設された1つ以上の部分、セグメント、またはフレーム12’を備える、血管デバイス、プロテーゼ、またはステント10’の一実施形態の端面図を概略的に表している。各部分12’は、一方向摺動固定関節機構16’によって同じ部分12’の他の構造要素14’に半径方向または周方向に結合された2つ以上の構造要素14’を含む。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態にしたがってステントを製造するための任意選択の材料は、コバルトクロム、316ステンレススチール、タンタル、チタン、タングステン、金、白金、イリジウム、ロジウム、およびそれらの合金または熱分解炭素を含む。さらに他の代替実施形態において、ステントは、例えばマグネシウム合金等の腐食性材料で形成されてもよい。任意選択のステント実施形態を従来のバルーン拡張可能ステントとして説明してきたが、当業者は、本発明によるステント構造も、ステントが圧潰された状態から回復可能となるように、種々の他の材料で形成することができることを理解するであろう。例えば、自己拡張可能なステントの等の代替実施形態において、本明細書の実施形態にしたがってニチノールおよびElastinite(登録商標)等を許容する形状記憶合金を使用することができる。
金属ステントは特定の望ましい特性を保持する一方で、ステントの有効寿命は、ステント内再狭窄が安定化して治癒が停滞する約6ヶ月から9ヶ月の範囲であると推定される。金属ステントとは対照的に、生体吸収性ステントは、血管内で寿命を向えることができない。さらに、より多くの用量の治療剤を送達するため、同時にまたは生活環の種々の時点で複数の治療剤を送達するために生体吸収性ステントを使用して、血管疾患の特定の態様または事象を治療することができる。さらに、生体吸収性ステントは、血管の同じ近接領域を繰り返し治療することも可能にする。したがって、永久的な金属ステントの使用に伴う多くの欠点または制限を回避または軽減する一方で、それらのステントを製造するために使用されるポリマー材料が望ましい金属の品質(例えば、十分な半径方向の強度および放射線不透過性等)を有する一時的な(すなわち、生体吸収性および/または放射線不透過性の)ステントを開発するという重要な必要性が満たされていない。
プラスチックおよび/または分解性材料を使用する場合、スクリーン、ステンシル、またはマスクを用いたレーザアブレーション;溶媒キャスト法;スタンピング、エンボス加工、圧縮成形、求心スピンキャスト法および成形による形成;押し出しおよび切断、固体自由形状製造技術を使用した3次元ラピッドプロトタイピング、ステレオリソグラフィ、選択的レーザ焼結等;プラズマエッチングを含むエッチング技術;フェルト化、編成、または織成を含む織物製造技術;熱溶融樹脂法、射出成形、室温加硫成形、またはシリコーンゴム成形を含む成形技術;溶媒を用いる鋳造、直接シェル中子造型による鋳造、インベストメント鋳造、圧力ダイカスト、樹脂射出、樹脂加工電鋳法、または射出成形もしくは反応射出成形を含む鋳造技術を使用して要素を作製することができる。本発明のポリマーを用いる特定の任意選択の実施形態は、これらのうちの2つ以上を組み合わせること等によりステントに成形することができる。
医療製品に放射線不透過性を付与するための従来方法は、金属バンド、インサート、および/もしくはマーカの使用、電気化学蒸着(すなわち、電気めっき)、またはコーティングを含む。放射線乳白剤(radiopacifiers)(すなわち、放射線不透過性の材料)を添加してステントの追跡および位置決めを容易にすることは、デバイスの一部または全体の表面に吸収させるかまたは噴霧することにより、任意の製造方法においてそのような元素を添加することによって対応することができる。放射線不透過性造影剤の程度は、元素含有量によって変更することができる。
さらに他の代替実施形態において、種々の材料(例えば、金属、ポリマー、セラミックス、および治療剤)を使用してステントの実施形態を製造することができる。該実施形態は、1)材料のスタックを作製するための(垂直な軸または半径方向の軸を通る)層ごとに異なる材料(材料は、例えば平行、互い違い等、任意の構成でスタックされてもよい)、2)ステント本体の長軸および/または厚さに沿って異なり得る空間的に局在する材料、3)複合ステント本体を作製するように混合または溶融される材料、4)ステント本体の表面上に材料が積層(または被覆)される実施形態([機能特性によるステント表面のコーティング]および[ステントによって送達される治療剤]を参照のこと)、および5)2つ以上の部品で構成され、少なくとも1つの部品の材料が第2の部品とは異なるステント、あるいはそれらの組み合わせを含むことができる。
別の任意選択の実施形態において、ステントは、選択された治療効果を発揮するのに十分な量の(先に医薬品および/または生物剤について定義したような)治療剤をさらに含む。ステントのいくつかの任意選択の実施形態(例えば、ポリマーステントおよび多材料ステント)において、治療剤は、当業者に既知である他の手段によってポリマーがブレンドまたは混合される時にステント内に収容される。ステントの他の任意選択の実施形態において、治療剤はステント表面上のポリマーコーティングから送達される。ステントのいくつかの任意選択の実施形態において、治療剤は、デバイスの特定の構造的態様の中または周囲に局在化される。
例えば、忌避剤であるホスホリルコリン等の生物学的ポリマーのステント上での送達等、治療剤を送達することができるステントに加えて、ステントは、特定の臨床的有効性にとって望ましい体内管腔内における生物学的応答を促進するように事前に定められた他の生体吸収性ポリマーで被覆することができる。さらに、コーティングを使用して、ステントの実施形態を構成するために使用されるポリマーの表面特性を(一時的または永久的に)隠すことができる。コーティングは、任意のポリ(アルキレングリコール)を含んでもまたは含まなくてもよいハロゲン化および/または非ハロゲン化ポリマーのうちの任意の1つまたはそれらの組み合わせを含むことができる広範囲の種類の任意の生体適合性、生体吸収性ポリマーから選択することができる。これらのポリマーは、ホモポリマーおよびヘテロポリマー、そのようなポリマーの立体異性体および/またはブレンドを含む、組成物上の変形例を含むことができる。これらのポリマーは、これらに限定されないが、例えば、ポリカーボネート、ポリアリレート、ポリ(エステルアミド)、ポリ(アミドカーボネート)、トリメチレンカーボネート、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリジオキサン、ポリヒドロキシブチラート、ポリ―ヒドロキシバレラート、ポリグリコリド、ポリラクチド、ならびにグリコリド/ラクチドコポリマー等、上記ポリマーの立体異性体およびコポリマーを含む。任意選択の実施形態において、ステントは、負電荷を帯びた赤血球細胞の外側の膜を忌避する負電荷を有するポリマーで被覆され、それによって血餅形成のリスクを低減する。別の任意選択の実施形態において、ステントは、細胞(例えば、内皮細胞)に親和性を示し、治癒を促進するポリマーで被覆される。さらに別の任意選択の実施形態において、再狭窄および/またはマクロファージ等の炎症細胞を低減するために、ステントは、例えば、動脈線維芽細胞および/または平滑筋細胞等の特定の細胞の付着および/または増殖を忌避するポリマーで被覆される。
最初にカテーテルが提供され、いくつかの実施形態において血管形成術用バルーン等の膨張可能なバルーンである拡張可能な部材が、遠位端部に沿って提供される。ステントとともに使用されるバルーンカテーテルの一例は、参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれるPalmazに対する米国特許第4,733,665号に記載される。カテーテル上のステントは、一般的にステントシステムと総称される。カテーテルは、これらに限定されないが、オーバーザワイヤカテーテル、同軸急速交換設計、および新しい送達プラットフォームであるMedtronic社製Zipper技術を含む。そのようなカテーテルは、例えば、Bonzelの米国特許第4,762,129号および第5,232,445号、ならびにYockの米国特許第4,748,982号、第5,496,346号、第5,626,600号、第5,040,548号、第5,061,273号、第5,350,395号、第5,451,233号、および第5,749,888に記載されるカテーテルを含んでもよい。さらに、カテーテルは、例えば、米国特許第4,762,129号、第5,092,877号、第5,108,416号、第5,197,978号、第5,232,445号、第5,300,085号、第5,445,646号、第5,496,275号、第5,545,135号、第5,545,138号、第5,549,556号、第5,755,708号、第5,769,868号、第5,800,393号、第5,836,965号、第5,989,280号、第6,019,785号、第6,036,715号、第5,242,399号、第5,158,548号、および第6,007,545号に記載されるカテーテルを含んでもよい。上記特許の開示は、参照することによりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書に記載した参考文献のうちのいくつかを以下に列挙する。それらの各々は、参照することによりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
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・Tanguay JF, Zidar JP, Phillips HR,3rd, Stack RS. Current status of biodegradable stents. Cardiol Clin 1994;12(4):699−713.
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Claims (23)
- 軸方向に入れ子式の非拡張状態から拡張状態へと拡張可能な、軸方向に入れ子式のステントであって、前記ステントは、長手方向の軸を有する管状部材を備え、前記管状部材は、
曲線形状を有する複数の連結部であって、該連結部を通って周方向に配置される複数の係合孔を備えた複数の連結部と、
長手方向に延び、前記連結部と相補的な曲線形状を有する相互連結本体と、長手方向に互いに間隔を置いて配置され、前記相互連結本体から対向する周方向に交互に延び、前記連結部の前記係合孔を通過する複数の相互接続部材と、を備え、前記ステントが前記軸方向に入れ子式の非拡張状態から前記拡張状態へと拡張する際に、前記相互連結本体に対する前記連結部の一方向に摺動可能な移動を許容するように構成される、少なくとも1つの相互接続器モジュールと、を、備える、ステント。 - 前記各連結部は、可撓部を介して相互接続される複数の連結要素を備え、前記連結要素は、それぞれ、近位端および遠位端を画定し、前記可撓部は、前記複数の連結要素を端と端で相互接続するように、所与の前記連結要素の前記近位端と別の所与の前記連結要素の前記遠位端との間に延在し、前記係合孔は、前記連結部の少なくとも1つの連結要素内に配置されるとともに、前記少なくとも1つの連結要素を通って周方向に配置される、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 少なくとも第1、第2、および第3の連結部が、周方向に互いに離間して、複数の前記相互接続器モジュールを介して接続され、前記第1の連結部と前記第2の連結部とを接続する前記相互接続器モジュールの前記相互接続部材は、前記第2の連結部と前記第3の連結部とを接続する前記相互接続器モジュールの前記相互接続部材から長手方向に離間する、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記連結部は、前記少なくとも1つの相互接続器モジュールから離れて形成される、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 少なくとも第1、第2、および第3の連結部は、前記管状部材を形成するように周方向に互いに離間し、前記管状部材は、それぞれの周方向に隣接する前記連結部同士の間に少なくとも部分的に周方向に介在するそれぞれの前記相互接続器モジュールを備える、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記第1の連結部および前記第2の連結部を接続する前記相互接続器モジュールと、前記第2の連結部および前記第3の連結部を接続する前記相互接続器モジュールとは、前記管状部材の外表面を少なくとも部分的に画定する、請求項5に記載のステント。
- 前記拡張状態において、前記少なくとも1つの相互接続器モジュールのそれぞれの前記相互接続部材の端は、対応する前記係合孔内に少なくとも部分的に受容される、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記拡張状態において、前記少なくとも1つの相互接続器モジュールのそれぞれの前記相互接続部材の端は、対応する前記係合孔に対して実質的に固定される、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記少なくとも1つの相互接続器モジュールは、複数の前記相互接続器モジュールであり、半径方向に入れ子になった非拡張状態において、前記相互接続器モジュールは、前記管状部材内で周方向に入れ子になる、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記相互連結本体は、前記管状部材の前記長手方向の軸の周囲に周方向に配置されるとともに、隣接する前記連結部同士の間に介在する、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記相互連結本体は、該相互連結本体の第2の側から延在する少なくとも2つの前記相互接続部材とともに構成される、請求項10に記載のステント。
- 前記相互接続部材の少なくとも1つは、前記ステントの一方向への拡張を容易にするために、前記係合孔の少なくとも1つに係合するように、前記相互接続部材の上面および下面のうちの少なくとも1つに沿って配置される複数の歯を備える、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記歯は、前記少なくとも1つの相互接続部材の前記上面から延在する可撓性の傾斜突起を備える、請求項12に記載のステント。
- 前記歯は、自由端および固定端を有する羽根を備え、前記羽根は、前記ステントの一方向への拡張を容易にするように、前記少なくとも1つの相互接続部材が前記係合孔の前記少なくとも1つを通過する間は偏向し、前記係合孔の前記少なくとも1つを出ると係合位置に戻るように動作可能である、請求項12に記載のステント。
- 前記少なくとも1つの相互接続器モジュールは、隣接する2つの前記連結部を相互接続し、前記少なくとも1つの相互接続器モジュールの周方向の長さは、前記隣接する2つの連結部同士の間の最大距離を画定する、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記相互接続部材の少なくとも1つは、前記ステントの拡張を制限するための停止部材を備える、請求項1に記載のステント。
- 前記係合孔の少なくとも1つは、第1の通過形状を画定し、前記停止部材は、前記第1の通過形状よりも大きな第2の通過形状を画定する、請求項16に記載のステント。
- 前記複数の連結部のそれぞれは、
A字型フレームおよび対向する側方ウイングを画定する複数の連結モジュールと、
前記複数の連結モジュールを端と端で相互接続するように、所与の前記連結モジュールの前記側方ウイングと別の所与の前記連結モジュールの前記側方ウイングとの間に延在する可撓部と、をさらに備え、
前記係合孔は、前記連結部の前記連結モジュールの前記A字型フレームに配置されるとともに、前記連結モジュールを通って周方向に配置され、
前記少なくとも1つの相互接続器モジュールは、隣接する前記連結部同士の間に介在するそれぞれの前記相互接続器モジュールとともに前記長手方向の軸の周囲に周方向に配置され、前記相互接続部材は、前記隣接する連結部の少なくとも1つの前記係合孔同士の間に延在するとともに、前記ステントが前記軸方向に入れ子になった非拡張状態から前記拡張状態へと拡張する際に、前記相互接続部材に対する前記連結部の一方向に摺動可能な移動を許容するように構成される、請求項1に記載のステント。 - 前記相互接続部材の少なくとも1つは、前記ステントの一方向への拡張を容易にするために、前記連結モジュールの前記係合孔に係合するように、前記相互接続部材の少なくとも1つの側面に沿って配置される複数の歯を含む、請求項18に記載のステント。
- 前記歯は、前記相互接続部材の両方の側面から延在する可撓性の傾斜突起を備える、請求項19に記載のステント。
- 前記歯は、自由端および固定端を有する羽根を備え、前記羽根は、前記ステントの一方向への拡張を容易にするように、前記少なくとも1つの相互接続器部材が対応する前記係合孔を通過する間は偏向し、前記少なくとも1つの係合孔を出る前記羽根の上の係合位置に戻るように動作可能である、請求項20に記載のステント。
- 前記少なくとも1つの相互接続器モジュールは、第1の側および第2の側を備え、前記第1の側から延在する前記相互接続部材の数は、前記第2の側から延在する前記相互接続部材の数の2倍である、請求項18に記載のステント。
- 所与の連結部の前記連結モジュールは、別の所与の連結部の前記連結モジュールと概ね長手方向に整列される、請求項18に記載のステント。
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2008
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2009
- 2009-08-17 WO PCT/US2009/054087 patent/WO2010022005A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-08-17 AU AU2009282633A patent/AU2009282633B2/en not_active Ceased
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Cited By (4)
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US9173751B2 (en) | 2004-12-17 | 2015-11-03 | Reva Medical, Inc. | Slide-and-lock stent |
US9314354B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2016-04-19 | Reva Medical, Inc. | Axially-radially nested expandable device |
US9452068B2 (en) | 2010-04-10 | 2016-09-27 | Reva Medical, Inc. | Expandable slide and lock stent |
US9408732B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-08-09 | Reva Medical, Inc. | Reduced-profile slide and lock stent |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2012500096A (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
EP2315558A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
WO2010022005A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
US20090030501A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
US9149378B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
EP2315558A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
AU2009282633A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
AU2009282633B2 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
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