JP5805648B2 - セラミック材料、セラミック材料の製造方法およびセラミック材料を有する抵抗素子 - Google Patents
セラミック材料、セラミック材料の製造方法およびセラミック材料を有する抵抗素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5805648B2 JP5805648B2 JP2012533578A JP2012533578A JP5805648B2 JP 5805648 B2 JP5805648 B2 JP 5805648B2 JP 2012533578 A JP2012533578 A JP 2012533578A JP 2012533578 A JP2012533578 A JP 2012533578A JP 5805648 B2 JP5805648 B2 JP 5805648B2
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 73
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
(Ba1−xMn x)O・z(Ti1−yMm y)O2・Dd・Ee
〔式中、(Ba1−xMn x)=A、および、(Ti1−yMm y)=Bとする。
Eは、アクセプタ特性を有する少なくとも1つの元素を表す。
セラミック材料は、Siをせいぜい不純物として含有する。〕
を有する。
これは、D、したがってドナー特性を有するある元素が、セラミック材料中に存在することを意味する。
これは、代用記号Eが表す少なくとも1つの元素がセラミック材料中に存在することを意味し、したがってアクセプタ特性を有するある元素が存在することを意味する。
一方が良好なドナー特性を有し、他方が良好なアクセプタ特性を有する2つの元素を相互作用させることにより、抵抗−温度特性曲線に関して良好な特性曲線形状を有する(例えば、TMINとTREFとの温度差ΔTがわずかで、TREFの後に急勾配で上昇する)セラミック材料を得ることができる。
本発明のさらなる実施形態では、yに関して、y=0である。
この量の範囲内で、TiをSnおよび/またはZrと置き換えるために、同様に非常に良好な結果を得ることができた。
本発明のある実施形態では、正温度係数を備えたこの抵抗素子は、上述のようなセラミック材料を有する。
この方法のある変形例では、この方法は、以下の方法工程、すなわち、
A)相当の化学量論比で存在する出発材料Ba、Mn、Ti、Mm、DおよびEを、混合物が生じるように、混合する工程と、
B)工程A)から生じた混合物を、粒子が生じるように、粉砕する工程と、
C)工程B)から生じる粒子を焼成する工程と、
D)工程C)から生じる粒子を、スラリーが形成されるように、湿式粉砕する工程と、
E)工程D)から生じるスラリーを、顆粒が形成されるように、噴霧により顆粒化する工程と、
F)工程E)から生じる顆粒を、素地体が形成されるように、所望の形態に押圧する工程と、
G)工程F)から生じる素地体を、セラミック体が生じるように、焼結する工程と
を含む。
さらなるこの方法の変形例では、この方法は、追加の方法工程H)として、G)で生じたセラミック体を接触させる工程を含む。
正温度係数を有する抵抗素子を製造するためには、Aの部分(これが100モル%に相当する)に対して、以下の材料を以下の重量とする。BaCO3を80モル%、CaCO3を15モル%、PbO1.33を5モル%、TiO2を101モル%、YO1.5を0.4モル%、MnO1.5を0.08モル%とする。このセラミック材料は、ペロブスカイト材料である。出発材料は酸化物形態、酸化物形態を供する形態またはチタン酸塩を形成する形態で供される。これに続いて、湿式粉砕ないし乾式粉砕プロセスが行われ、続いて焼成が行われる。焼成後は、この材料は再度所望の粒径に湿式粉砕され、続いて所望の形態に押圧される。
図1は、各セラミック材料1〜5に関する抵抗−温度特性曲線を示す。それぞれについて、温度T(℃)に対する抵抗Rがオームで記されている。個々のセラミック材料1〜5までの組成を、以下の表に示す。
2 本発明による組成物2の特性曲線
3 本発明による組成物3の特性曲線
4 本発明による組成物4の特性曲線
5 本発明による組成物5の特性曲線
Claims (13)
- 以下の組成:
(Ba1−xMn x)O・z(Ti1−yMm y)O2・Dd・Ee
〔式中、(Ba1−xMn x)=A、および、(Ti1−yMm y)=Bとする。
Mnは、Mg、Ca、Sr、Pbおよびこれらの混合物から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を表す。
Mmは、Sn、Zrおよびこれらの混合物から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を表す。
Dは、ドナー特性を有する少なくとも1つの元素を表す。
Eは、アクセプタ特性を有する少なくとも1つの元素を表す。
および、パラメータに関しては、0<x≦0.6、0≦y≦0.35、0≦d≦0.02、0≦e≦0.02、1<zである。
および、Aに対するBのモル比は、1<B/Aである。
前記セラミック材料は、Siを最大で0.05モル%で含有する。
Mnは、少なくとも部分的にCaを表し、A中におけるCaの最低含有量は12モル%である。〕
のセラミック材料。 - Aに対するBのモル比は、1.005<B/A<1.05である、請求項1に記載のセラミック材料。
- Dは、Nb、Y、Sbまたはランタノイド系元素群のある元素ならびにこれらの混合物から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を表す、上記請求項のいずれか1項に記載のセラミック材料。
- dに関して、0<dである、上記請求項のいずれか1項に記載のセラミック材料。
- Eは、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cuおよびこれらの混合物から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を表す、上記請求項のいずれか1項に記載のセラミック材料。
- eに関して、0<eである、上記請求項のいずれか1項に記載のセラミック材料。
- xに関して、0.12<x<0.4である、上記請求項のいずれか1項に記載のセラミック材料。
- yに関して、0=yである、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のセラミック材料。
- yに関して、0<y<0.1である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のセラミック材料。
- Mnは少なくとも部分的にCaを表し、Aの中におけるCaの最低含有量は14モル%である、上記請求項のいずれか1項に記載のセラミック材料。
- 前記セラミック材料は、B、Ge、Li、KおよびPをせいぜい不純物として含有する、上記請求項のいずれか1項に記載のセラミック材料。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のセラミック材料を有する正温度係数を備えた抵抗素子。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のセラミック材料の製造方法であって、
A)相当の化学量論比で存在する出発材料Ba、Mn、Ti、Mm、DおよびEを、混合物が生じるように混合する工程と、
B)工程A)から生じた混合物を、粒子が生じるように、粉砕する工程と、
C)工程B)から生じる粒子を焼成する工程と、
D)工程C)から生じる粒子を、スラリーが形成されるように、湿式粉砕する工程と、
E)工程D)から生じるスラリーを、顆粒が形成されるように、噴霧により顆粒化する工程と、
F)工程E)から生じる顆粒を、素地体が形成されるように、所望の形態に押圧する工程と、
G)工程F)から生じる素地体を、セラミック体が生じるように焼結する工程と
を含む方法。
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