JP5794148B2 - エッチング液及びこれを用いた半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
エッチング液及びこれを用いた半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5794148B2 JP5794148B2 JP2011547653A JP2011547653A JP5794148B2 JP 5794148 B2 JP5794148 B2 JP 5794148B2 JP 2011547653 A JP2011547653 A JP 2011547653A JP 2011547653 A JP2011547653 A JP 2011547653A JP 5794148 B2 JP5794148 B2 JP 5794148B2
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- Prior art keywords
- etching
- semiconductor device
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- acid
- mass
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- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 title claims description 142
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 98
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 58
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 99
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dtpmp Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(=O)O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940090960 diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 31
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 28
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 14
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 10
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Ag].[Sn] QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGRVRXRGTBOSHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound NCP(O)(O)=O MGRVRXRGTBOSHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVCDUTIVKYCTFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Bi].[Zn].[Sn] Chemical compound [Bi].[Zn].[Sn] JVCDUTIVKYCTFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Bi] JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFDRPXJGHKJRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N edtmp Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O NFDRPXJGHKJRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 phosphonomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical group CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn] GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000597 tin-copper alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001174 tin-lead alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000969 tin-silver-copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
- H01L21/3213—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer
- H01L21/32133—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer by chemical means only
- H01L21/32134—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer by chemical means only by liquid etching only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/02—Local etching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/16—Acidic compositions
- C23F1/18—Acidic compositions for etching copper or alloys thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/16—Acidic compositions
- C23F1/26—Acidic compositions for etching refractory metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/44—Compositions for etching metallic material from a metallic material substrate of different composition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/02—Bonding areas ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/03—Manufacturing methods
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- H01L24/10—Bump connectors ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/11—Manufacturing methods
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- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/023—Redistribution layers [RDL] for bonding areas
- H01L2224/0231—Manufacturing methods of the redistribution layers
- H01L2224/02311—Additive methods
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- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/03—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/034—Manufacturing methods by blanket deposition of the material of the bonding area
- H01L2224/0346—Plating
- H01L2224/03462—Electroplating
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- H01L2224/03—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/036—Manufacturing methods by patterning a pre-deposited material
- H01L2224/0361—Physical or chemical etching
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- H01L2224/03—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/039—Methods of manufacturing bonding areas involving a specific sequence of method steps
- H01L2224/0391—Forming a passivation layer after forming the bonding area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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- H01L2224/03—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/039—Methods of manufacturing bonding areas involving a specific sequence of method steps
- H01L2224/03912—Methods of manufacturing bonding areas involving a specific sequence of method steps the bump being used as a mask for patterning the bonding area
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- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/0401—Bonding areas specifically adapted for bump connectors, e.g. under bump metallisation [UBM]
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- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/05—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process of an individual bonding area
- H01L2224/05001—Internal layers
- H01L2224/05099—Material
- H01L2224/051—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/05117—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 400°C and less than 950°C
- H01L2224/05124—Aluminium [Al] as principal constituent
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- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
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- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
Description
より具体的には、特許文献1で開示されるバンプ電極の形成方法は、導電性材料で構成される電極が設けられた基板上に、該電極部分を開口させたカバー膜を設け、さらに銅などをスパッタして形成した下地導電膜、該電極から対応するバンプ電極を形成する箇所まで延在する開口部を有するフォトレジスト膜、及び該開口部に電解めっきにより銅配線ならびにニッケル配線を順次設けた後、フォトレジスト膜を除去し、当該下地導電膜のうち配線で覆われていない部分をエッチングするという、エッチングの工程を有する。当該エッチングの工程で下地導電膜を形成する銅をエッチングする際、より高い性能を確保するためには、電解めっきにより形成したニッケル配線をエッチングしないことが望ましい。
102,202.電極
103,203.絶縁膜
104,204.開口部
105,205.チタン層
106,206.銅層
107.フォトレジスト
108,208.開口部
109.ニッケル層
110,213.はんだ層
111.バンプ電極
112.凹み部
114,214.絶縁膜
116.銅層の残渣
207.フォトレジスト(I)
209.ニッケル層
210.フォトレジスト(II)
211.開口部
212.ニッケル層
215.凸面状はんだ層
216.凹み部
[2]過酸化水素の含有量が1.5〜12質量%であり、有機酸の含有量が1.5〜20質量%であり、有機ホスホン酸の含有量が0.001〜0.25質量%である、上記1に記載のエッチング液。
[3]過酸化水素の含有量が1.5〜5質量%であり、有機酸の含有量が1.5〜10質量%であり、有機ホスホン酸の含有量が0.01〜0.15質量%である、上記1に記載のエッチング液。
[4]有機ホスホン酸が、ジエチレントリアミンペンタ(メチレンホスホン酸)、プロパンジアミンテトラ(メチレンホスホン酸)及び1−ヒドロキシエチリデン−1,1−ジホスホン酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種である上記1〜3のいずれかに記載のエッチング液。
[5]半導体装置がはんだにより形成されたバンプ電極を有する上記1〜4のいずれかに記載のエッチング液。
[6]半導体装置が銅を用いて形成される配線を有する上記1〜5のいずれかに記載のエッチング液。
[7]上記1〜6のいずれかに記載のエッチング液を用いるエッチング工程を有する半導体装置の製造方法。
[8]半導体装置がはんだにより形成されたバンプ電極を有するものである上記7に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
[9]電極を有する半導体基板の該電極上に配線を形成する再配線形成工程を有する上記7又は8に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
[10]半導体装置が銅を用いて形成される配線を有する請求項7〜9のいずれかに記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
本発明のエッチング液は、電極を有する半導体基板を用いた半導体装置の製造工程における、エッチング工程で用いられ、過酸化水素と有機酸と有機ホスホン酸とを特定の含有量で含み、該有機酸を特定のヒドロキシ酸であるクエン酸及びリンゴ酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種とする液である。
これらのうち、ジエチレントリアミンペンタ(メチレンホスホン酸)、プロパンジアミンテトラ(メチレンホスホン酸)及び1−ヒドロキシエチリデン−1,1−ジホスホン酸がより好ましく、これらから選ばれる少なくとも一種であることが好ましい。
また、本発明のエッチング液は、バンプ電極の酸化を防ぐことで、該電極の性能の低減を抑制し、この効果は該電極がはんだから形成される場合に顕著であるという特徴をも有する。よって、本発明のエッチング液は、バンプ電極を有する半導体装置の製造工程におけるエッチング工程に好ましく用いられ、特に該バンプ電極がはんだにより形成される半導体の製造工程におけるエッチング工程に好ましく用いられる。
本発明の半導体装置の製造方法は、本発明のエッチング液を用いるエッチング工程を有し、該半導体装置がバンプ電極を有していることが好ましい。また、当該エッチング工程は、ニッケルをエッチングせずに銅を選択的にエッチングしうる本発明のエッチング液の特徴を有効に活用する観点から、ニッケルからなる部材と銅からなる部材とが同時にエッチング液に触れうる状態であり、該銅からなる部材をエッチングすることを特徴とするものであることが好ましい。以下に、本発明の製造方法をより具体的に説明する。
本発明の半導体装置の製造方法の第一の態様(以下、製造方法Aという。)は、シード層形成工程A1、フォトレジスト形成工程A2、バリアメタル形成工程A3、はんだ層形成工程A4、本発明のエッチング液を用いるエッチング工程A5、及びバンプ電極形成工程A6を順に有するものである。本発明の製造方法Aを、図A(a)〜(l)を用いて、詳細に説明する。
工程A1は、電極が設けられた半導体基板上に、該電極が露出する開口部を有する絶縁膜を設け、さらに該開口部及び該絶縁膜上にシード層を形成する、シード層形成工程である。ここで、電極が設けられた半導体基板とは、図A(a)に示されるように、例えばシリコン基板101の表面に、周知の製造方法により製造された半導体素子を含む電子回路が形成され、該電子回路が形成された面に、パッドと呼ばれる、例えばアルミニウムなどの導電性材料からなる電極102が形成されたものである。導電性材料としては、アルミニウムのほか、チタンや銅を添加したアルミニウム合金や、銅又は銅合金、金なども好ましく挙げることができる。
この電極102が設けられた半導体基板101上(該電極が形成された面)に、酸化ケイ素などからなる絶縁膜103が形成され、該絶縁膜103には、電極102に対応する開口部104が、電極102を露出するように形成する。
工程A2は、前記シード層の電極上に設けた箇所及びバンプ電極を形成する箇所を含む領域を開口し、該シード層を露出する開口部108を有するフォトレジスト107を形成する、フォトレジスト形成工程である。まず、図A(d)に示されるように、銅層106上にフォトレジスト107を形成する。次いで、該フォトレジストを露光、現像することにより、図A(e)に示されるように、後述するバンプ電極を形成するための開口部108を有するフォトレジスト107を形成する。
工程A3は、前記開口部108内にバリアメタル層を設けるバリアメタル形成工程である。通常、工程A3においては、図A(f)に示されるように、電解めっき処理などの方法によりニッケル層109が設けられ、該ニッケル層109、工程A1で設けられたチタン層105及び銅層106をあわせて、バリアメタル層という。該バリアメタル層は、電極102と後述するバンプ電極111との間における拡散などの防止のために設けられる層であり、該バンプ電極111と接する面には、ニッケルあるいはニッケル合金により形成されるニッケル層109を設けることが好ましい。
工程A4は、図A(f)に示されるように、ニッケル層109の上に、はんだ層110を設ける工程である。はんだ層110は、通常チタン層105及び銅層106をシード層とした電解めっき処理により形成され、この段階では通常開口部108からフォトレジスト107の表面にはみだし、きのこ型の形状を有している。該はんだ層110を形成する材質としては、錫、鉛やこれらの合金(錫−鉛合金)のほか、錫−銀系合金、錫−銀−銅系合金、錫−銅系合金、錫−亜鉛系合金、錫−ビスマス系合金、錫−亜鉛−ビスマス系合金などのはんだ材料が好ましく挙げられる。
工程A5は、図A(h)に示されるように、フォトレジストを除去してから、さらに図A(i)及び(j)のように、本発明のエッチング液を用いて、チタン層105及び銅層106などのシード層のうち、ニッケル層109あるいははんだ層110で覆われていない露出部分をエッチングする、エッチング工程である。本発明のエッチング液を用いることで、ニッケルをエッチングせずに銅を選択的にエッチングすることが可能となる。また、本製造方法のように、バンプ電極をはんだで形成し、特にはんだが錫を含む場合、本発明のエッチング液を用いることで、該電極が酸化することなく、性能が低減することがないという効果も得られる。
工程A6は、はんだ層110を溶融させることにより、バンプ電極111を得るバンプ電極形成工程である。はんだ層110の溶融は、基板を加熱してリフロー処理により行えばよく、該リフロー処理によりきのこ型のはんだ層111は、図A(k)に示されるように、球状を呈したバンプ電極111となる。
このようにして、電極を有する半導体基板から、バンプ電極を有する半導体装置を製造することができる。
本発明の半導体装置の製造方法の第二の態様(以下、製造方法Bという。)は、シード層形成工程B1、フォトレジスト(I)形成工程B2、再配線形成工程B3、フォトレジスト(II)形成工程B4、バンプ電極形成工程B5、本発明のエッチング液を用いるエッチング工程B6を順に有するものである。本発明の製造方法Bを、図B(a)〜(p)を用いて、詳細に説明する。
工程B1は、電極が設けられた半導体基板上に、該電極が露出する開口部を有する絶縁膜を設け、さらに該開口部及び該絶縁膜上にシード層を形成する、シード層形成工程であり、上記工程A1と同じである。
本工程により、図B(a)〜(c)に示されるように、電極202が設けられた半導体基板201上(該電極が形成された面)に、電極202に対応する開口部204を有する絶縁膜203が電極202を露出するように形成され、該開口部204及び絶縁膜203上に、シード層としてチタン層205及び銅層206が形成される。
工程B2は、前記シード層の電極上に設けた箇所及びバンプ電極を形成する箇所を含む領域を開口し、該シード層を露出する開口部208を有するフォトレジスト(I)207を形成する、フォトレジスト(I)形成工程である。まず、図A(d)に示されるように、銅層206上にフォトレジスト(I)207を形成する。次いで、該フォトレジストを露光、現像することにより、図A(e)に示されるように、シード層の電極202上に設けた箇所と後述するバンプ電極を形成する箇所を含む領域までをつなぐ再配線を形成するための開口部208を有するフォトレジスト(I)207を形成する。
工程B3は、前記開口部208に配線を設けて再配線する、再配線形成工程である。この再配線形成工程により、電極202を有する半導体基板201の該電極202上に配線を形成する再配線の形成がなされる。配線は、銅やニッケルなどの材料が使用され、図B(f)に示されるように、少なくとも銅により形成される銅層209を有することが好ましい。また、配線は通常銅やニッケルを電解めっき処理することにより設けられる。
工程B4は、図B(g)及び(h)で示されるように、シード層及び配線を被覆するようにフォトレジスト(II)210を形成し、さらに露光、現像することによりフォトレジスト(II)210にバンプ電極を形成するための開口部211を形成する、フォトレジスト(II)形成工程である。このフォトレジスト(II)210は、常法により設ければよい。なお、予めフォトレジスト(I)を除去してから、フォトレジスト(II)210を形成することもできる。
工程B5は、図B(i)及び(j)に示されるように、前記フォトレジスト(II)210のバンプ電極を形成する箇所に、再配線の銅層209が露出するように開口部211を設け、該開口部211にニッケルからなるニッケル層212を少なくとも一層有するバンプ電極を形成する、バンプ電極形成工程である。
バンプ電極は、上記はんだ層110を形成するはんだ材料のほか、金、パラジウム、ニッケル、銅などを用いて、電解めっきにより形成することができ、一層または複数層により形成することができる。例えば、図A(j)のように、ニッケル層212を設けた後に、はんだ材料からなるはんだ層213を設けてバンプ電極を形成することができる。本発明の製造方法においては、バンプ電極を形成する層がニッケル層212及びはんだ層213の組み合わせであると、本発明のエッチング液が有するニッケルをエッチングせずに銅を選択的にエッチングできるという性能、及び該電極を酸化することなく、性能が低減することがないという性能を有効に活用することができる。
工程B6は、図B(k)のようにフォトレジスト(I)207及びフォトレジスト(II)210をレジスト剥離液を用いて除去してから、さらに図B(l)及び(m)に示されるように、チタン層205や銅層206などのシード層のうち、銅層209のような配線で覆われていない露出部分をエッチングする、エッチング工程である。該エッチング工程においては、本発明のエッチング液が用いられることを要する。本発明のエッチング液を用いることで、ニッケルをエッチングせずに銅を選択的にエッチングすることが可能となる。また、本製造方法のように、バンプ電極をはんだで形成し、特にはんだが錫を含む場合、本発明のエッチング液を用いることで、該電極が酸化することなく、性能が低減することがないという効果も得られる。工程B6におけるエッチングの諸条件は、工程A5と同じである。
エッチングされて凹み部216が形成するということがなく、銅層206だけを選択的にエッチングすることが可能となる。
さらに、図B(o)に示されるように、前記工程B5で形成したはんだ層213を溶融させることにより、凸面状はんだ層215を形成することもできる。はんだ層213の溶融は、基板を加熱してリフロー処理により行えばよい。
表1に示される配合組成(質量%)に従い、各実施例及び比較例で用いるエッチング液を調整した。
評価項目.めっきの外観(変色)の評価
実施例1〜38及び比較例1〜20について、エッチング液による処理前後の錫−鉛はんだめっき及び錫めっきの外観(変色)の状態を目視により、以下の基準で評価した。
○ :変色は全く確認されなかった
△ :変色は若干あるものの、実用上問題ない
× :変色が著しく、使用できない
スパッタ銅(銅膜の厚さ:5000Å)、錫−鉛はんだめっき(その含有比は錫:鉛=6:4)、錫めっきを成膜した基板を、表1に示される各実施例及び比較例のエッチング液に30℃で2分間浸漬した。
浸漬後の基板において、スパッタ銅については、浸漬前後の膜厚変化を蛍光X線分析装置(「SEA2110L)」,エスエスアイナノテクノロジー社製)を用いて測定し、銅のエッチングレート(μm/分)を算出した。錫−鉛はんだ、及び錫めっきについては、浸漬前後の外観、特に変色状況を目視にて観察し、上記の評価基準に基づき評価した。
また、鋼材に電解めっきによりニッケルを成膜(ニッケル膜の厚さ:5μm)した基板を、各実施例及び比較例のエッチング液に、30℃で1時間浸漬し、浸漬前後の重量を測定し、エッチングレート(Å/分)を算出した。これらの算出値及び評価の結果を表1に示す。
評価項目.半導体基板を用いたエッチングの評価
実施例39〜44及び比較例21〜27のエッチング液を用い、Aの手順で半導体装置を製造した。得られた半導体装置について、電解めっきにより設けたニッケル層の凹み部、シード層として設けた銅層のエッチング後の残存状態、及びバンプ電極の変色の状態を、各々下記の基準で評価した。
(ニッケル層の凹み部の状態について)
○ :ニッケル層の凹み部は全く確認されなかった
△ :ニッケル層の凹み部は若干あるものの、実用上問題ない
× :ニッケル層の凹み部が著しく、使用できない
(銅層の残存状態)
○ :エッチング後、銅層の残存は全く確認されなかった
△ :エッチング後、銅層の残存がわずかに確認されたが、実用上問題ない
× :エッチング後、銅層の残存が著しく、使用できない
(バンプ電極の変色の状態について)
○ :変色は全く確認されなかった
△ :変色は若干あるものの、実用上問題ない
× :変色が著しく、使用できない
製造方法A(図A(a)〜(k))の手順に従い、電極及びバンプ電極を有する半導体装置を作製した。ここで、はんだ層110の形成には錫−鉛はんだ(含有比は錫:鉛=6:4)を用い、図A(i)〜(j)に示されるエッチング工程において、表2に示される各実施例及び比較例のエッチング液を用いて、銅層106及びチタン層105のエッチングを順に行った。このとき、エッチング温度は30℃であり、エッチング時間は表2に示される時間とした。
各実施例及び比較例で得られた半導体装置について、上記評価基準に従って評価した結果を表2に示す。
実施例39及び比較例21において、はんだ層110を錫−鉛はんだ(含有比は錫:鉛=6:4)のかわりに錫−銀はんだ(銀の含有量:3質量%)を用いた以外は、実施例39及び比較例21と同様にして、各々実施例45及び比較例28の半導体装置を作製した。
各実施例及び比較例で得られた半導体装置について、上記評価項目に従い評価した結果を表2に示す。
製造方法B(図B(a)〜(k))の手順に従い、電極及びバンプ電極を有する半導体装置を作製した。ここで、はんだ層110の形成には錫−鉛はんだ(含有比は錫:鉛=6:4)を用い、図B(l)〜(m)に示されるエッチング工程において、表3に示される各実施例及び比較例のエッチング液を用いて、銅層206及びチタン層205のエッチングを順に行った。このとき、エッチング温度は30℃であり、エッチング時間は表3に示される時間とした。
各実施例及び比較例で得られた半導体装置について、上記評価基準に従って評価した結果を表3に示す。
実施例46及び比較例29において、はんだ層210を錫−鉛はんだ(含有比は錫:鉛=6:4)のかわりに錫−銀はんだ(銀の含有量:3質量%)を用いた以外は、実施例46及び比較例36と同様にして、各々実施例52及び比較例36の半導体装置を作製した。
各実施例及び比較例で得られた半導体装置について、上記評価項目に従い評価した結果を表3に示す。
一方、過酸化水素の含有量が0.5質量%と少ない比較例2及び5、クエン酸の含有量が0.5質量%と少ない比較例3、リンゴ酸の含有量が0.5質量%と少ない比較例6では、スパッタ銅のエッチング速度は0.1μm/分未満と低いものだった。また、クエン酸やリンゴ酸のかわりに、他の有機酸を含む比較例9、11及び18でも、スパッタ銅のエッチング速度は0.1μm/分未満と低いものだった。
有機ホスホン酸を含まない比較例1及び4では、錫−鉛はんだめっき、及び錫めっきのいずれにも変色が認められた。また、有機ホスホン酸を0.05質量%含有するエッチング液であっても、有機酸としてクエン酸、リンゴ酸を含まない比較例7〜10及び12では、錫−鉛はんだめっき、あるいは錫めっきに変色が認められた。
過酸化水素を5質量%含み、有機酸としてクエン酸及びリンゴ酸を含まない比較例8、13及び17では、電解ニッケルめっきのエッチング速度は1500Å/分以上となり、銅の選択的なエッチングはできなかった。
過酸化水素を5質量%含み、有機酸として酒石酸、グルタル酸、イタコン酸を含む各々比較例15、19、20では、実施例1〜38と同等のエッチング性能が得られた。しかし、これらの比較例で使用したエッチング液を用いて半導体装置を作製した各々比較例25〜27では、エッチング後の銅層の残存が著しく、半導体装置の作製には使用できないことが確認された。
Claims (9)
- ニッケルをエッチングせずに銅を選択的にエッチングできるエッチング液であって、過酸化水素と有機酸と有機ホスホン酸からなり、有機酸がクエン酸及びリンゴ酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種であり、過酸化水素の含有量が0.75〜12質量%であり、有機酸の含有量が0.75〜25質量%であり、かつ有機ホスホン酸の含有量が0.0005〜1質量%である、電極を有する半導体基板を用いた半導体装置の製造に用いられるエッチング液。
- 過酸化水素の含有量が1.5〜12質量%であり、有機酸の含有量が1.5〜20質量%であり、有機ホスホン酸の含有量が0.001〜0.25質量%である、請求項1に記載のエッチング液。
- 過酸化水素の含有量が1.5〜5質量%であり、有機酸の含有量が1.5〜10質量%であり、有機ホスホン酸の含有量が0.01〜0.15質量%である、請求項1に記載のエッチング液。
- 有機ホスホン酸が、ジエチレントリアミンペンタメチレンホスホン酸、プロパンジアミンテトラメチレンホスホン酸及び1−ヒドロキシエチリデン−1,1−ジホスホン酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のエッチング液。
- 半導体装置がはんだにより形成されたバンプ電極を有する請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のエッチング液。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のエッチング液を用いるエッチング工程を有する半導体装置の製造方法。
- 半導体装置がはんだにより形成されたバンプ電極を有するものである請求項6に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 電極を有する半導体基板の該電極上に配線を形成する再配線形成工程を有する請求項6又は7に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 半導体装置が銅を用いて形成される配線を有する請求項6〜8のいずれかに記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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