JP5793133B2 - 腫瘍で差次的に発現する遺伝子産物及びその用途 - Google Patents
腫瘍で差次的に発現する遺伝子産物及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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Description
− 利用する転写開始部位が変動する。
− 利用するエクソンが追加される。
− 1個あるいは2以上のエクソンのスプライスアウトが完全であったり不完全であったりする。
− 突然変異(新しい供与体/受容体配列の欠失または生成)を介してスプライス調整因子の配列が変化する。
− イントロン配列の除去が不完全である。
(a)SEQ ID NO:3〜5からなる群から選択される核酸配列、その一部または誘導体を含む核酸であって、(b)ストリンジェントな条件下で、(a)の核酸とハイブリッド形成する核酸、(c)(a)または(b)の核酸に関して変性した核酸、および(d)(a)、(b)または(c)の核酸に対して相補的である核酸からなる群から選択される核酸に関する。さらに、本発明は、SEQ ID NO:10、12〜14および146〜150からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列、その一部または誘導体を含むタンパク質またはポリペプチドをコードする核酸に関する。
これらのオリゴヌクレオチドは、従来の方法で合成されてもよいし、遺伝子組換え的に生成してもよい。
2.負電荷残基およびそのアミド類:Asn、Asp、Glu、Gln
3.正電荷残基:His、Arg、Lys
4.大きな脂肪族、非極性残基:Met、Leu、Ile、Val(Cys)
5.大きな芳香族残基:Phe、Tyr、Trp.
材料及び方法
インシリコ、 エレクトロニック及びバーチュアルクローニングという用語は、単にデータベースに基づく方法の利用に言及しているのであって、それらは研究室における実験プロセスを模擬するのにも用いられ得る。
インシリコの二つの手段、即ちGenBankキーワードサーチ及びcDNAxプロファイラー(cDNAxProfiler)を組み合わせた。NCBI ENTREZ Search及びRetrieval System (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Entrez)を利用し、特定の組織において特異的に発現されると注釈されている候補遺伝子についてGenBankサーチを行った(Wheeler et al., Nucleic Acids Research 28:10-14, 2000)。
イソチオシアン酸グアニジウム(guanidium isothiocyanate)をカオトロピックエージェント(chaotropic agent)として用いて天然の組織材料から総RNAを抽出した(Chomczynski & Sacchi, Anal. Biochem. 162:156-9, 1987)。酸性フェノールによる抽出、イソプロパノールによる沈殿の後、当該RNAを、DEPC処理した水に溶解させた。
GPR35(65℃)
センス:5'−AGGTACATGAGCATCAGCCTG−3'
アンチセンス:5'−GCAGCAGTTGGCATCTGAGAG−3'
GUCY2C(62℃)
センス:5'−GCAATAGACATTGCCAAGATG−3'
アンチセンス:5'−AACGCTGTTGATTCTCCACAG−3'
SCGB3A2(66℃)
センス:5'−CAGCCTTTGTAGTTACTCTGC−3'
アンチセンス:5'−TGTCACACCAAGTGTGATAGC−3'
クローディン18A2(Claudin18A2)(68℃)
センス1:5'−GGTTCGTGGTTTCACTGATTGGGATTGC−3'
アンチセンス1:5'−CGGCTTTGTAGTTGGTTTCTTCTGGTG−3'
センス2:5'−TGTTTTCAACTACCAGGGGC−3'
アンチセンス2:5'−TGTTGGCTTTGGCAGAGTCC−3'
クローディン18A1(Claudin18A1)(64℃)
センス:5'−GAGGCAGAGTTCAGGCTTCACCGA−3'
アンチセンス:5'−TGTTGGCTTTGGCAGAGTCC−3'
SLC13A1(64℃)
センス:5'-CAGATGGTTGTGAGGAGTCTG−3'
アンチセンス:5'−CCAGCTTTAACCATGTCAATG−3'
CLCA1 (62℃)
センス:5'−ACACGAATGGTAGATACAGTG−3'
アンチセンス:5'-ATACTTGTGAGCTGTTCCATG−3'
FLJ21477(68℃)
センス:5'−ACTGTTACCTTGCATGGACTG−3'
アンチセンス:5'−CAATGAGAACACATGGACATG−3'
FLJ20694(64℃)
センス:5'−CCATGAAAGCTCCATGTCTA−3'
アンチセンス:5'−AGAGATGGCACATATTCTGTC
エブナー(Ebner)(70℃)
センス:5'−ATCGGCTGAAGTCAAGCATCG−3'
アンチセンス:5'−TGGTCAGTGAGGACTCAGCTG−3'
Plunc(55℃)
センス:5'−TTTCTCTGCTTGATGCACTTG−3'
アンチセンス:5'−GTGAGCACTGGGAAGCAGCTC−3'
SLC26A9(67℃)
センス:5'−GGCAAATGCTAGAGACGTGA−3'
アンチセンス:5'−AGGTGTCCTTCAGCTGCCAAG−3'
THC1005163(60℃)
センス:5'−GTTAAGTGCTCTCTGGATTTG−3'
LOC134288(64℃)
センス:5'−ATCCTGATTGCTGTGTGCAAG−3'
アンチセンス:5'−CTCTTCTAGCTGGTCAACATC−3'
THC943866(59℃)
センス:5'−CCAGCAACAACTTACGTGGTC−3'
アンチセンス:5'−CCTTTATTCACCCAATCACTC−3'
FLJ21458(62℃)
センス:5'−ATTCATGGTTCCAGCAGGGAC−3'
アンチセンス:5'−GGGAGACAAAGTCACGTACTC−3'
リアルタイムPCRにより、いくつかの遺伝子の発現を定量した。PCR生産物はSYBR Greenをインターカレートリポーター染色剤として用いることにより検出した。SYBR Greenの蛍光は溶液中で抑制され、二重鎖DNA断片に結合後のみ活性である。GOI−特異的プライマーを用いた特異的増幅の結果としての、各PCRサイクル後のSYBR Green蛍光の増加を定量に利用した。標的遺伝子の発現は、調査の対象組織において一定の発現をする対照遺伝子の発現に対して絶対的にあるいは相対的に定量される。 −Ctメソッド(PE Biosystems, USA).を用いて所謂ハウスキーピング遺伝子としての18s RNAに対して検体を標準化してから、発現を測定した。反応は2回、測定は3回行われた。QuantiTect SYBR Green PCRキット(Qiagen, Hilden)は製造者の指示に従い使用した。cDNAは、製造者の指示に従い6量体プライマーを使用し、高性能cDNA Archive Kit(PE Biosystems, USA)を用いて合成された。希釈したcDNAの各5μlを使用し、総量25μlにてPCRに付された。センスプライマー300nM、アンチセンスプライマー300nM;初期変性95℃にて15分間;95℃にて30秒間;アニーリング30秒間;72℃にて30秒間;40サイクル。使用されたプライマーの配列は、各実施例に表示されている。
全長の遺伝子及び断片遺伝子のクローン化は通常の方法で行われた。配列を確実にする為にプルーフリーディングポリメラーゼpfu(Stratagene)を用いて対応抗原を増幅した。PCR完了後、アデノシンをHotStarTaq DNAポリメラーゼによって増幅単位の末端に結合し、その断片を作製者の指示に従いTOPO−TAベクター中にクローン化した。配列決定は市販のサービスにより行われた。配列は通常の予測プログラム及びアルゴリズムによって分析された。
細胞培養物(標的遺伝子の内因的発現あるいは標的タンパク質をコードする発現ベクターのトランスフェクション後の標的タンパク質の合成)からの細胞あるいは標的タンパク質を含有すると推定される組織検体を1% SDS溶液中で破砕した。SDSは分解産物中に存在するタンパク質を変性させる。実験混合物の分解産物は予想されるタンパク質サイズによって、電気泳動により8〜15%変性ポリアクリルアミドゲル(polyacrylamide gel)(1% SDS含有)上にサイズに従い分画される(SDS−PAGE)。次にタンパク質はセミドライエレクトロブロッティング法(Biorad)によりニトロセルロース膜に転写され(Schleicher & Schuell)、その上で所望のタンパク質が検出される。この目的のために膜は最初にブロッキング(たとえばミルクパウダーによって)され、その後1:20〜1:200(抗体の特異性により)希釈にて特定の抗体と共に60分間インキュベートされる。洗浄処理の後、膜を、一次抗体を認識するマーカー(例えばぺルオキシダーゼあるいはアルカリフォスファターゼのような酵素)に結合した二次抗体と共にインキュベートする。更に洗浄処理後、標的タンパク質を酵素反応により、色または化学光反応によって膜上に可視化する(例えばECL, Amersham Bioscience)。結果は適切なカメラによる写真撮影によって記録される。
標的タンパク質(そのRNAをRT−PCRにて検出、またはそのタンパク質をウエスタンブロッティングにより検出)を内因的に産生しているか、あるいはプラスミドDNAでトランスフェクションした、確立した細胞株の細胞を免疫蛍光(IF)に使用する。DNAで細胞株をトランスフェクションするための確立された方法は種々ある(たとえば電気穿孔、リポソームによるトランスフェクション、リン酸カルシウムによる沈殿)(たとえば、Lemoine et al. Methods Mol. Biol. 1997; 75: 441-7)。免疫蛍光法において、トランスフェクションされたプラスミドでは、非修飾タンパク質がコードされていてよく、あるいは様々なアミノ酸マーカーが標的タンパク質に結合していてもよい。最も重要なマーカーは、たとえば、蛍光を発する緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)のさまざまな蛍光タイプのものおよび高親和性で特異的な抗体が使用可能な6〜12アミノ酸の短いペプチド配列である。標的タンパク質を合成する細胞はパラホルムアルデヒド、サポニンあるいはメタノールで固定される。次いで、細胞が透過性を与えられることが必要ならば洗浄剤(たとえば0.2% Triton X 100)と共にインキュベートすることができる。固定および透過性付与の後、標的タンパク質あるいは結合したマーカーのひとつに対する一次抗体と共にインキュベートされる。洗浄処理の後、混合物は、一次抗体に結合する蛍光マーカー(たとえば、フルオレセイン、Texas Red, Dako)に結合した二次抗体と共にインキュベートされる。このように標識された細胞は、グリセロールの層で被覆され、蛍光顕微鏡を用いて作製者の指示に従って分析される。特異的な蛍光発光は、使用した物質に応じて特異的な発光励起により達成される。通常その分析により標的タンパク質の信頼し得る位置決定が可能である。また、二重染色、すなわち標的タンパク質ばかりでなく位置決定が文献記述されている結合アミノ酸マーカーあるいは他のマーカータンパク質も染色する二重染色によって抗体の特性および標的タンパク質が確認される。GFPおよびその誘導体は特殊なケースであり、直接励起されてそれ自体で蛍光を発するので検出のための抗体を必要としない。
免疫組織化学法(IHC)の機能は具体的には(1)腫瘍および正常組織における標的タンパク質量の概算測定の可能、(2)腫瘍および健常組織の何個の細胞が標的タンパク質を合成するかの分析、および/または(3)標的タンパク質が検出され得る組織(腫瘍、健常)中の細胞のタイプの定義、である。
(Monoclonal Antibodies: A Practical Approach by Philip Shepherd, Christopher Dean isbn 0 19 963722 9; Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual by Ed Harlow, David Lane ISBN: 0879693142; Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual: Portable Protocol NO. by Edward Harlow, David Lane, Ed Harlow ISBN: 0879695447も参照されたい。).
先ず、動物(ウサギなど)を所望の標的タンパク質の一次注射によって免疫する。動物の抗原に対する免疫応答は定められた期間内(前の免疫後から約2〜4週間)の二次あるいは三次免疫によって増強され得る。また、種々の定められた期間後(最初に4週間後、次いで約2週間毎にトータルで5回にのぼるサンプリング)、動物から採血し、そこから免疫血清が得られる。
(1)最初の例においては、KLH(キーホウルリンペットヘモシシアニン)に結合したペプチド(長さ:8〜12 アミノ酸)が標準化されたin vitroによる方法によって合成され、それらのペプチドが免疫に使用される。通常、3回の免疫を5〜1000μg/免疫という濃度で行う。免疫はサービスプロバイダーによるサービスとして行うこともできる。
(2)別法として、組み換えタンパク質を用いて免疫を行うこともできる。この目的のために、クローン化された標的遺伝子のDNAが発現ベクター内にクローン化され、標的タンパク質は特定の作製者の条件(たとえばRoche Diagnostics, Invitrogen, Clontech, Qiagen)からの類推によってたとえば細胞を含まないインビトロにおいて、バクテリア(例えば、E.coli)、酵母(例えばS.pombe)、昆虫の細胞あるいは哺乳類の細胞において合成される。それらの系のうちの1つにおける合成の後、標的タンパク質は精製されるが、精製はこの場合、標準的なクロマトグラフ法によって通常行われる。ここにおいて、精製の助けになるものとしての分子アンカーを有するタンパク質を免疫に使用する事も可能である(たとえばHis tag, Qiagen; FLAG tag, Roche Diagnostics; Gst融合タンパク質)。多くのプロトコルが、たとえば"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology", John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Wiley Interscienceに見出される。
(3)もしも所望のタンパク質を内因的に合成する細胞株が使用可能ならば、この細胞株も特異的抗血清を生産するのに使用することができる。この場合、免疫は各回約1 5×107個の細胞によって1 3回の注射で行われる。
(4)免疫はDNAの注射によっても行うことができる(DNA免疫)。この目的のため、標的配列が強力な真核生物プロモーター(たとえばCMVプロモーター)の支配下に置かれるべく、標的遺伝子は先ず、発現ベクター内にクローン化される。次いで、DNA 5〜100μgを、遺伝子銃を用い、抗原として生物体(たとえばマウス、ウサギ)中の強い血流の毛細管領域に移す。移されたDNAは動物の細胞によって取り込まれ、標的遺伝子が発現し、最終的に動物が標的遺伝子に対し免疫応答を展開する(Jung et al., Mol Cells 12:41-49, 2001; Kasinrerk et al., Hybrid Hybridomics 21:287-293, 2002).
特異性を実証するには細胞培養に基づくアッセイとそれに続くウェスタンブロッティングが最も適切である(たとえばCurrent Protocols in Protein Chemistry", John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Wiley InterScienceにおいて様々なバリエーシンが記述されている)。実証の為に細胞を、標的タンパク質のcDNAであり、強力な真核生物プロモーター(たとえばサイトメガロウイルスプロモーター)の支配下にあるcDNAによってトランスフェクションする。DNAで細胞株をトランスフェクションするため多様な方法(たとえば、電気穿孔法、リポソームよるトランスフェクション、リン酸カルシウム沈殿)が良好に確立されている(たとえばLemoine et al., Methods Mol. Biol. 75:441-7, 1997)。別法として標的遺伝子を内因的に発現する細胞株を使用することも可能である(標的遺伝子特異的RT PCRによる実証)。コントロールとして理想的なケースでは、分析抗体の特異性を次のウェスタンブロットにおいて実証可能にするため、相同遺伝子も実験においてトランスフェクションを行う。
ポリクローナル血清の精製は、ペプチド抗体全体のケース、または組み換えタンパク質に対する抗体の一部のケースにおいて、契約会社によるサービスとして行われた。
この目的のため、いずれのケースにおいても、適切なペプチドあるいは組み換えタンパク質がマトリックスに共有結合され、後者は結合後ネイティブなバッファー(PBS:塩化ナトリウムリン酸緩衝液で平衡化され、次いで粗血清と共にインキュベートされた。更にPBS洗浄処理の後、抗体をpH 2.7の100mMグリシンで溶出し、その溶出物を直ちにpH 8の2M TRIS中で中和した。このようにして精製された抗体はウエスタンブロッティング法および免疫蛍光法の双方による標的タンパク質の特異的検出のために採用できた。
異種間において発現された腫瘍関連抗原の免疫蛍光顕微鏡法のために、抗原の完全なORFがpGFP C1およびpGFP N3ベクター(Clontech)中にクローン化された。スライド上に培養されたCHOおよびNIH3T細胞を、Fugeneトランスフェクション試薬(Roche)を用いて作製者の指示に従い適切なプラスミドコンストラクトによってトランスフェクションし、12〜24時間後、免疫蛍光顕微鏡により分析した。
フローサイトメトリーによる測定は、それ自体既知の方法により行われた(Robinson (editor) Handbook of flow cytometry methods. Wiley-Liss, New York, 1993など)。
GPR35(SEQ ID NO:1)およびその翻訳産物(SEQ ID NO:9)は推定上のGタンパク共役受容体として説明してきた。その配列はGenbankにおいてアクセッションナンバーNo.AF089087として公表されている。この転写産物は分子量34 kDaを有する309アミノ酸のタンパク質をコードする。GPR35は7個の膜貫通ドメインを有するGタンパク共役受容体のスーパーファミリーに属することが予測されていた(O'Dowd et al., Genomics 47:310-13, 1998)。GPR35の細胞中における推定位置を確証するためにタンパク質をレポーター分子としてのGFPに融合させ、適切なプラスミドのトランスフェクション後、293個の細胞において発現させた。蛍光顕微鏡により位置を分析した。本発明により、GPR35は一体的な膜貫通分子であることが確証された(図17)。ヒトGPR35に関する現在までの調査(就中、Horikawa Y, Oda N, Cox NJ, Li X, Orho-Melander M, Hara M, Hinokio Y, Lindner TH, Mashima H, Schwarz PE, del Bosque-Plata L, Horikawa Y, Oda Y, Yoshiuchi I, Colilla S, Polonsky KS, Wei S, Concannon P, Iwasaki N, Schulze J, Baier LJ, Bogardus C, Groop L, Boerwinkle E, Hanis CL, Bell GI Nat Genet. 2000 Oct; 26(2):163-75を参照)により、GPR35は多くの健常組織において活性化されることが示唆された。その遺伝子の読み枠には一個のエクソンが含まれている。本発明によりGPR35に対する遺伝子特異的プライマー対(SEQ ID NO:20、21)をRT PCR分析において使用したところ、結腸および結腸腫瘍(13/26)においてはcDNAが増幅した。対照的に、他の正常組織においては有意な発現は検出されない。GPR35は単一のエクソンからなるという特殊な事情のため、ゲノムDNA不純物をイントロンに跨るプライマーによって検出することはできない。したがってRNAのゲノムへの混入を阻止するために、RNAは全てRNAアーゼで処理した。GPR35転写産物は、結腸、直腸、精巣および結腸腫瘍においてのみDNAフリーのRNAを用いて本発明により検出された。
SEQ ID NO:90 GSSDLTWPPAIKLGC (AA 9−23)
SEQ ID NO:91: DRYVAVRHPLRARGLR (AA 112−127)
SEQ ID NO:92: VAPRAKAHKSQDSLC (C末端)
SEQ ID NO:93 CFRSTRHNFNSMR(細胞外ドメイン 2)
これらの抗体で、たとえばウエスタンブロットにおいて染色し、腫瘍細胞での発現を確認する。GPR35の全4個の細胞外ドメイン(予測される細胞外ドメインの位置は、SEQ ID NO:9 AA 1〜22 (SEQ ID NO:94); AA 81〜94 (SEQ ID NO:95); AA 156〜176 (SEQ ID NO:96); AA 280〜309 (SEQ ID NO:97)の配列中)は全て本発明によりモノクローナル抗体の標的構造体として使用することができる。これらの抗体は腫瘍細胞の細胞表面に特異的に結合し、診断および治療方法の双方に使用されうる。GPR35の過剰発現は、そうした使用に更なる支持を提供する。加うるに、タンパク質をコードする配列は本発明によって腫瘍特異的免疫応答(T細胞およびB細胞を介する免疫応答)を誘発するワクチン(RNA、DNA、ペプチド、タンパク質)として使用することができる。更には、驚くべきことに、一般的に知られている開始コドンの前の5'側に別の開始コドンが存在しN末端が伸張したタンパク質が発現されることが判明した。
タイプI 膜貫通タンパク質であるグアニル酸シクラーゼ(guanylate cyclase)2C(SEQ ID NO:2;翻訳産物:SEQ ID NO:11)は、ナトリウム利尿ペプチドレセプターのファミリーに属する。その配列はGenbankにおいてアクセッションナンバー NM_004963の下、公表されている。ペプチドであるグアニリンおよびウログアニリンあるいは熱安定エンテロトキシン(STa)が結合すると細胞内cGMP濃度が上昇し、その結果、細胞内にシグナル変換プロセスが誘起される。
GUCY2C−118s/GUCY2C−498as (SEQ ID NO:24、29);
GUCY2C−621s/GUCY2C−1140as (SEQ ID NO:25、30);
GUCY2C 1450s/GUCY2C−1790as (SEQ ID NO:26、31);
GUCY2C 1993s/GUCY2C−2366as (SEQ ID NO:27、32);
GUCY2C 2717s/GUCY2C−3200as (SEQ ID NO:28、33);
GUCY2C 118s/GUCY2C−1140as (SEQ ID NO:24、30);
GUCY2C 621s/GUCY2C−1790as (SEQ ID NO:25、31);
GUCY2C 1450s/GUCY2C−2366as (SEQ ID NO:26、32);
GUCY2C 1993s/GUCY2C−3200as (SEQ ID NO:27、33)
a)エクソン3(SEQ ID NO:3)の欠失により産生したGUCY2C変異体は、長さがわずか111アミノ酸で、ポジション111のアスパラギンがプロリンに入れ替わっている。
b)エクソン6(SEQ ID NO:4)の欠失により産生した発現産物は、長さが258アミノ酸である。これは、13アミノ酸を含むC末端ネオエピトープを生ずるはずである。
c)ポジション1606−1614のヌクレオチド、およびこれに対応するアミノ酸L(536)、L(537))およびQ(538)が欠失している変異体(SEQ ID NO:5)。
SEQ ID NO:100: HNGSYEISVLMMGNS (AA 31−45)
SEQ ID NO:101: NLPTPPTVENQQRLA (AA 1009−1023)
こうした抗体は原則として、診断及び治療目的に使用されうる。
SCGB3A2 (SEQ ID NO:6)(翻訳産物:SEQ ID NO:15)はセクレトグロビン(secretoglobin)遺伝子ファミリーに属する。その配列は、アクセッションナンバーNM_054023でGenBankにおいて公表されている。SCGB3A2(UGRP1)は、サイズ17 kDaのホモダイマー分泌タンパク質であり、肺や呼吸孔においてのみ発現する(Niimi et al., Am J Hum Genet 70:718-25, 2002)。プライマー対(SEQ ID NO:37、38)を用いたRT−PCRにより正常肺組織における選択的発現が確認された。たとえば表面活性タンパク質の肺及び気管に特異的な遺伝子は、脱分化の間に悪性腫瘍では高度に抑制され、肺腫瘍においては通常検出されない。驚くべきことに、SCGB3A2は原発性及び転移の肺腫瘍において活性であることが判明した。本発明による調査により、SCGB3A2が肺腫瘍において強力にかつ頻繁に発現されることが見られた(図4)。テストされた他のすべての23の正常組織は、肺及び気管を除いて、発現が見られなかった(図20を参照)。
SEQ ID NO:105: LINKVPLPVDKLAPL
SEQ ID NO:106: SEAVKKLLEALSHLV
クラウディン−18遺伝子は4個の疎水領域を有する表面膜分子をコードしている。予測プログラム(TMHMM、 TMPred)および他の多くのこのファミリーメンバーについて記述されているトポロジーによれば、クラウディン−18は4個の膜貫通ドメインと2個の細胞外ドメインEX1およびEX2を持ち、その細胞外位置(コンフォメーション1)は図22に示されている。クラウディン−18とその他このファミリーに属するメンバーにとっての2個の細胞外抗原決定基の間にドメインD3が位置し、これは細胞内に位置すると文献には記述されおり、このことは一般に使用されている予測プログラムによっても予測されている。NおよびC末端は細胞内である。Niimiとその同僚の記述(Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:7380-90, 2001)によれば、マウスおよびヒトのクラウディン 18には2つのスプライス変異体があり、各々肺組織(クラウディン 18A1)及び胃組織(クラウディン 18A2)で選択的に発現される。これらの変異体はN末端が相異する。
SEQ ID NO:17: DQWSTQDLYN (N末端細胞外ドメイン、A2特異的、グリコシル化には関係なく結合)
SEQ ID NO:18: NNPVTAVFNYQ (N末端細胞外ドメイン、A2特異的、主に非グリコシル化型N37に結合)
SEQ ID NO:113: STQDLYNNPVTAVF (N末端細胞外ドメイン、A2−特異的、非グリコシル化型N37にのみ結合)
SEQ ID NO:114: DMWSTQDLYDNP(N末端細胞外ドメイン、A1特異的)
SEQ ID NO:115: CRPYFTILGLPA(N末端細胞外ドメイン、主にA1に特異的)
SEQ ID NO:116 TNFWMSTANMYTG(C末端細胞外ドメイン、A1およびA2の両方を認識)
この目的のために免疫した動物からのリンパ球を保存した。アミノ酸1〜47(SEQ ID NO:19および120)はまた、ワクチンおよび抗原特異的Tリンパ球の養子移植などの免疫療法のための特に良質な抗原決定基を提示する。
SLC13A1は、硫酸ナトリウム同時輸送体のファミリーに属する。このヒト遺伝子は、この遺伝子のマウスの相同部分とは対照的に腎臓において選択的に発現している(Lee et al., Genomics 70:354-63, 2000)。SLC13A1は595アミノ酸のタンパク質をコードし、13個の推定上の膜貫通ドメインから成る。選択的スプライシングの結果、4個の異なる転写産物(SEQ ID NO:41−44)は、それに対応する翻訳産物となる。SLC13A1が腎臓腫瘍に対するマーカーとして使用されうるか否か調査した。SLC13A1の特異的増幅を可能にするオリゴヌクレオチドがこの目的のために使用された。
以下の正常組織において微弱なシグナルが検出可能であった:結腸、胃、精巣、乳房、肝臓及び脳。しかし、腎腫瘍における発現は他の全ての正常組織におけるよりも少なくとも100倍は高かった。
ペプチドSEQ ID NO:123および124がこれらの抗体を増産するのに使用された。そうした抗体は原則として診断及び治療の目的に使用され得る。
CLCA1(SEQ ID NO:51;翻訳産物:SEQ ID NO:60)は、Ca++−活性化 Cl− チャンネルのファミリーに属する。その配列は、Genbankにおいてアクセッションナンバー NM_001285のもとに公表されている。CLCA1は、小腸の腺か上皮および杯状細胞においてのみ発現する(Gruber et al., Genomics 54:200-14, 1998)。CLCA1が結腸及び胃の腫瘍に対するマーカーとして使用され得るか否かを調査した。この目的のために、CLCA1の特異的増幅を可能にするオリゴヌクレオチドを使用された。このプライマーセットを用いたRT−PCRにより、結腸における選択的な発現が確認され、また、本発明により調査した結腸腫瘍検体の3/7、胃腫瘍検体の1/3において高度の発現を確認した(図7)その他の正常組織では発現が見られず、あるいはごく弱い発現が見られた。特異的定量的RT−PCR(SEQ ID NO:125、126)によってもこのことは確証され、その場合に分析した正常組織中に発現を検出することができなかった(図36)。この実験において調査した腫瘍検体のうち、結腸腫瘍検体の6/12および胃腫瘍検体の5/10はCLCA1について陽性であった。全般的に、腫瘍中でのその遺伝子の発現は調節不全であるように見受けられた。大変強度の発現のある検体がある一方で他の検体においては、CLCA1は顕著に抑制されていた。
FLJ21477(SEQ ID NO:52)およびその推定上の翻訳産物(SEQ ID NO:61)は、仮説上のタンパク質としてGenbankにおいてアクセッションナンバー NM_025153により公表されている。それは、ATPアーゼ活性および4個の膜貫通ドメインを持つ、完全な1つのタンパク質であり、従って特定の抗体を用いた治療に適している。FLJ21477特異的プライマー(SEQ ID NO:69、70)を用いたRT−PCRにより結腸における選択的な発現が見られ、また更に、調査した結腸腫瘍検体の7/12において種々のレべルの発現が見られた(図8)。その他の正常組織では発現が見られなかった。これは特異的定量的RT−PCRによってもまた確認された(SEQ ID NO:127、128)。FLJ21477特異的発現は、結腸においても(図37A)また結腸腫瘍の11/12においても検出可能であった。結腸腫瘍における発現のほかに胃組織においてもまた発現が検出可能であった。また、定量的RT−PCRの条件下、脳、胸腺および食道での検出可能な発現は、結腸及び胃に比較して明らかにに弱かった(図37A)。次の腫瘍検体においてもまたFLJ21477特異的発現を検出することが可能である:即ち、胃、膵臓、食道及び肝臓。
FLJ20694(SEQ ID NO:53)およびその推定上の翻訳産物(SEQ ID NO:62)は、仮説上のタンパク質としてGenbankにおいてアクセッションナンバー NM_017928により公表されている。このタンパク質は、完全な1つの膜貫通分子(膜貫通ドメインAA 33 54)であり、チオレドキシン(thioredoxin)機能を持つ可能性が高い。FLJ20694特異的プライマー(SEQ ID NO:71、72)を用いたRT−PCRにより結腸における選択的な発現が見られ、また更に、調査した結腸腫瘍検体の5/9において種々のレベルの発現が見られた(図9)。その他の正常組織では発現は見られなかった。このことは、特異的定量的RT−PCR(SEQ ID NO:129、130)によって更に確認された(図38)。FLJ20694の発現は、結腸及び胃を除いて(最初の実験では分析されなかった)他のいかなる正常組織においても検出されなかった。
フォンエブナー(von Ebner's)タンパク質(SEQ ID NO:54)およびその翻訳産物(SEQ ID NO:63)は、上部気道および鼻咽喉腔上皮のPlunc関連タンパク質としてGenbankにおいてアクセッションナンバー AF364078により公表されている。
本発明により、フォンエブナータンパク質をコードするmRNAが肺腫瘍のマーカーとして使用され得るか否かを調査した。この目的のために、エブナータンパク質をコードするcDNAの特異的増幅を可能にするオリゴヌクレオチド(SEQ ID NO:73、74)が使用された。このプライマーセットを用いたRT−PCRにより、肺および調査した肺腫瘍検体の5/10において選択的な発現が見られた(図10)。正常組織のグループ中、胃においても発現があった。その他の正常組織は発現が見られなかった。
Plunc(SEQ ID NO:55)およびその翻訳産物(SEQ ID NO:64)は、Genbankにおいてアクセッションナンバー NM_016583により公表されている。ヒトPluncmRNAは、256個のアミノ酸をコードし、マウスPluncタンパク質と72%の相同性を示す(Bingle and Bingle, Biochem Biophys Acta 1493:363-7, 2000)。
Pluncの発現は、気管、上部気道、鼻咽喉腔上皮および唾液腺に限定されている。
SLC26A9(SEQ ID NO:56)およびその翻訳産物(SEQ ID NO:65)は、Genbankにおいてアクセッションナンバー NM_134325により公表されている。SLC26A9は陰イオン交換体のファミリーに属する。SLC26A9の発現は気管支および肺胞の上皮に限定されている(Lohi et al., J Biol Chem 277:14246-54, 2002)。
THC1005163(SEQ ID NO:57)は、TIGR遺伝子インデックスから得た遺伝子断片である。その遺伝子は、3'領域においてのみ定義され、ORFを欠く。THC1005163特異的プライマー(SEQ ID NO:79)および5'末端において21個の特定塩基の特異的タグを有するオリゴdT18プライマーを用いてRT−PCRを行った。このタグについて、データベースサーチプログラムを用いて、既知の配列との相同性を調査した。最初はこの特異的プライマーは、ゲノムDNA混入を防止したcDNA合成に使用された。このプライマーセットを用いたRT−PCRにより、胃、卵巣、肺において、および肺腫瘍生検の5/9において発現が見られた(図13)。他の正常組織では発現が見られなかった。
LOC134288 (SEQ ID NO:58)およびその予測された翻訳産物(SEQ ID NO:66)は、Genbankにおいてアクセッションナンバー XM_059703により公表されている。
THC 943866(SEQ ID NO:59)は、TIGR遺伝子インデックスから得た遺伝子断片である。本発明により、THC943866が腎腫瘍のマーカーとして使用され得るか否か調査した。この目的のために、THC943866の特異的増幅を可能にするオリゴヌクレオチド(SEQ ID NO:82、83)が使用された。
FLJ21458(SEQ ID NO:84)およびB7h.4(SEQ ID NO:138)およびそれらの予測される翻訳産物(SEQ ID NO:85、139)は、1つの遺伝子のスプライス変異体を代表するものであり、Genbankにおいてそれぞれアクセッションナンバー NM_034850およびAY358523により公表されている。配列解析により、それらのタンパク質がブチロフィリン(butyrophillin)のファミリーを代表するメンバーであることが明らかになった。構造解析により、それらが細胞外イムノグロブリンドメインを有するタイプ1膜貫通タンパク質を代表することが明らかになった。FLJ21458またはB7h.4の特異的増幅を可能にするオリゴヌクレオチド(SEQ ID NO:86、87またはSEQ ID NO:140、141)が、発現を調べるために使用された。FLJ21458特異的プライマー(SEQ ID NO:86、87)についてのRT−PCRにより、結腸において、及び調査した結腸腫瘍生検の7/10において選択的な発現が見られた(図16、表5)。特異的プライマー(SEQ ID NO:133、134)を用いた定量的RT−PCRにより、この選択的発現のプロファイルを確認した(図39)。その実験において、胃腸特異的に、結腸、胃、直腸、盲腸及び精巣に、FLJ21458を検出することが更に可能であった。結腸転移検体の7/11もまた定量的PCRにおいて陽性であった。FLJ21458特異的発現は他の腫瘍にも及び、タンパク質特異的発現が胃、膵臓、および肝臓腫瘍において検出可能であった(表5)。B7h.4特異的プライマー(SEQ ID NO:140、141)を用いたRT−PCRにより、肺腫瘍において強度の選択的な発現が見られたが、正常肺組織では発現が見られなかった。このようにこのブチロフィリンのスプライス変異体は両方が腫瘍関連発現を示し、診断用および治療用の癌標的として利用できる。FLJ21458およびB7h.4タンパク質を検出するための抗体は、ウサギを免疫して作製される。両方のタンパク質(FLJ21458およびB7h.4)に含まれているペプチドがこれらの抗体を増産するための抗原決定基として使用された。
SEQ ID NO:135: QWQVFGPDKPVQAL
SEQ ID NO:136: AKWKGPQGQDLSTDS
Claims (8)
- 腫瘍関連抗原の発現または異常発現を特徴とする、膵臓、食道、胃、肺、肝臓もしくは耳鼻咽喉腫瘍疾患に関連する癌細胞を、検出し、モニタリングするための判断材料を提供する方法であって、
治療剤または診断剤と結合されており、前記腫瘍関連抗原と結合する抗体をインビトロで使用することを含むものであり、
前記抗体は、SEQ ID NO:18、113および142〜150からなる群から選択されるペプチドに結合するものであって、前記抗体は、特異的に腫瘍細胞の非グリコシル化形態のエピトープに結合し、グリコシル化された形態のエピトープには結合しないものであり、
前記腫瘍関連抗原が、
(a)SEQ ID NO:7および8からなる群から選択される核酸配列を含む核酸、および
(b)(a)の核酸と少なくとも95%同一であり、かつ腫瘍細胞中で選択的もしくは異常に発現している核酸、
からなる群から選択される核酸によってコードされた配列を含むものである、方法。 - 抗体がモノクローナル抗体、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、または腫瘍関連抗原に結合する抗体の断片である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 腫瘍関連抗原が、SEQ ID NO:16〜19、112、113、116、137、および142〜145からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- タンパク質またはポリペプチドの細胞外部分に特異的に結合する抗体であって、前記タンパク質またはポリペプチドが、
(a)SEQ ID NO:7および8からなる群から選択される核酸配列を含む核酸、および
(b)(a)の核酸に対して少なくとも95%同一であり、かつ腫瘍細胞中で選択的もしくは異常に発現している核酸
によってコードされるものであり、
前記抗体は、SEQ ID NO:18、113および142〜150からなる群から選択されるペプチドと結合するものであって、前記抗体は、特異的に腫瘍細胞の非グリコシル化形態のエピトープに結合し、グリコシル化された形態のエピトープには結合しないものである、抗体。 - タンパク質またはポリペプチドが、SEQ ID NO:16〜19、112、113、116、および142〜145からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項4に記載の抗体。
- 抗体が、モノクローナル、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、または腫瘍関連抗原に結合する抗体の断片である、請求項4または5に記載の薬剤。
- 請求項4〜6のいずれかに記載の抗体と治療剤または診断剤との結合体。
- 治療剤または診断剤が毒素である、請求項7に記載の結合体。
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