JP5642916B2 - 真核遺伝コードの拡張 - Google Patents
真核遺伝コードの拡張 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5642916B2 JP5642916B2 JP2006513068A JP2006513068A JP5642916B2 JP 5642916 B2 JP5642916 B2 JP 5642916B2 JP 2006513068 A JP2006513068 A JP 2006513068A JP 2006513068 A JP2006513068 A JP 2006513068A JP 5642916 B2 JP5642916 B2 JP 5642916B2
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Description
本願はUSSN60/463,869、発明の名称「真核遺伝コードの拡張(Expanding the Eukaryotic Genetic Code)」、発明者Chinら、出願日2003年4月17日;USSN60/479,931、発明の名称「真核遺伝コードの拡張(Expanding the Eukaryotic Genetic Code)」、発明者Chinら、出願日2003年6月18日;USSN60/493,014、発明の名称「真核遺伝コードの拡張(Expanding the Eukaryotic Genetic Code)」、発明者Chinら、出願日2003年8月5日;及びUSSN60/496,548、発明の名称「真核遺伝コードの拡張(Expanding the Eukaryotic Genetic Code)」、発明者Chinら、出願日2003年8月19日の各出願に基づく通常特許出願である。本願はこれらの各原出願の優先権と特典を主張する。
本発明は米国国立衛生研究所により交付された助成番号GM62159と、エネルギー省により交付された助成番号DE−FG0300ER45812として政府助成下に創出された。米国政府は本発明に所定の権利を有する。
本発明は真核細胞における翻訳生化学の分野に関する。本発明は真核細胞で直交tRNA、直交シンテターゼ及びその対を作製するための方法と組成物に関する。本発明は非天然アミノ酸の組成物、蛋白質、及び非天然アミノ酸を組込んだ蛋白質を真核細胞で生産する方法にも関する。
A.Bockら,(1991),Molecular Microbiology 5:515−20 G.Srinivasanら,(2002),Science 296:1459−62 E.J.Corey,& X.−M.Cheng,The Logic of Chemical Synthesis(Wiley−Interscience,New York,1995) B.Merrifield,(1986),Science 232:341−7(1986) D.Y.Jacksonら,(1994)Science 266:243−7 P.E.Dawson,& S.B.Kent,(2000),Annual Review of Biochemistry 69:923−60 R.Furter,(1998),Protein Science 7:419−26 K.Kirshenbaumら,(2002),ChemBioChem 3:235−7 V.Doringら,(2001),Science 292:501−4 J.A.Ellmanら,(1992),Science 255:197−200 D.Mendelら,(1995),Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 24:435−462 V.W.Cornishら(Mar.31,1995),Angewandte Chemie−International Edition in English 34:621−633 M.E.Saksら(1996),An engineered Tetrahymena tRNAGln for in vivo incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins by nonsense suppression,J.Biol.Chem.271:23169−23175 M.W.Nowakら(1998),In vivo incorporation of unnatural amino acids into ion channels in Xenopus oocyte expression system,Method Enzymol.293:504−529 D.A.Dougherty(2000), Unnatural amino acids as probes of protein structure and function,Curr.Opin.Chem.Biol.4:645−652 L.Wangら,(2001),Science 292:498−500 J.W.Chinら,(2002),Journal of the American Chemical Society 124:9026−9027 J.W.Chin,& P.G.Schultz,(2002),ChemBioChem 11:1135−1137 J.W.Chinら,(2002),PNAS United States of America 99:11020−11024 L.Wang,& P.G.Schultz,(2002),Chem.Comm.,1−10
をもつ保護中間化合物を得る段階と;(c)保護中間化合物をMeOH中で無水HClと混合し、アミン部分を脱保護することにより、p−(プロパルギルオキシ)フェニルアラニン化合物を合成する段階を含む。1態様では、前記方法は(d)p−(プロパルギルオキシ)フェニルアラニンHClをNaOHとMeOHの水溶液に溶かし、室温で撹拌する段階と;(e)pHをpH7に調整する段階と;(f)p−(プロパルギルオキシ)フェニルアラニン化合物を沈殿させる段階を更に含む。
(定義)
図1A、B及びCは真核細胞(例えばS.cerevisiae)の遺伝コードを拡張させるための一般ポジティブ及びネガティブ選択スキームを模式的に示す。図1AはGAL4におけるTAGコドンのアンバー抑圧により誘導されるレポーター遺伝子の活性化転写を模式的に示す。DNA結合ドメインを縞部分に示し、主及び潜在活性化ドメインをハッチ部分に示す。図1Bはレポーター遺伝子の例(例えばMaV203におけるHIS3,LacZ,URA3)を示す。図1Cは選択スキームで使用することができるプラスミド(例えばpEcTyrRS/tRNACUA及びpGADGAL4xxTAG)を模式的に示す。
直交アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(O−RS)
直交tRNA
直交tRNA及び直交アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ対
忠実度、効率、及び収率
資源及び宿主生物
セレクターコドン
非天然アミノ酸
非天然アミノ酸の化学的合成
非天然アミノ酸の細胞取込み
非天然アミノ酸の生合成
非天然アミノ酸を組込んだポリペプチド
非天然アミノ酸を組込んだ組換え蛋白質の精製
抗体
免疫反応性によるポリペプチドの特性決定
医薬組成物
核酸及びポリペプチド配列と変異体
保存変異
核酸ハイブリダイゼーション
ユニークサブ配列
配列比較、一致度及び相同度
突然変異誘発法及び他の分子生物学技術
キット
新規な物理的、化学的又は生物学的性質をもつ非天然アミノ酸を付加するような真核遺伝コードの拡張は、これらの細胞における蛋白質機能を分析及び制御するための強力なツールとなろう。この目的のために、Saccharomyces cerevisiae(S.cerevisiae)でアンバーコドンに応答して高い忠実度で非天然アミノ酸を蛋白質に組込むアミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼを単離するための一般アプローチについて記載する。この方法はGAL4のDNA結合ドメインと転写活性ドメインの間のアンバーコドンの抑圧によるGAL4応答性レポーター遺伝子HIS3、URA3又はLacZの活性化に基づく。活性大腸菌チロシル−tRNAシンテターゼ(EcTyrRS)変異体のポジティブ選択のためのGAL4レポーターの最適化について記載する。「毒性対立遺伝子」として増殖培地に添加した小分子(5−フルオロオロト酸(5−FOA))の使用によりURA3レポーターを用いて不活性EcTyrRS変異体のネガティブ選択も行った。重要な点として、ポジティブ選択とネガティブ選択の両者を単一細胞で一連のストリンジェンシー下に実施することができる。このため、突然変異体シンテターゼの大きなライブラリーから一連のアミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(aaRS)活性を容易に単離できる。所望aaRS表現型を単離するこの方法の能力をモデル選択により立証する。
結果と考察
材料と方法
ベクター構築
酵母培地及び操作
モデル選択
非天然アミノ酸をSaccharomyces cerevisiaeの遺伝コードに付加するための一般的で迅速な方法について記載する。5種のアミノ酸がナンセンスコドンTAGに応答して高い忠実度で効率的に蛋白質に組込まれている。これらのアミノ酸の側鎖は広範な化学的プローブ及び試薬でユニークにin vitro及びin vivo修飾することができるケト基と;構造試験用重原子含有アミノ酸と;蛋白質相互作用の細胞内試験用光架橋剤を含む。この方法は酵母で蛋白質構造及び機能を操作する能力に及ぼす遺伝コードの制約を取り除くだけでなく、多細胞真核生物の遺伝コードの体系的拡張の糸口となる。
[3+2]シクロ付加に基づく蛋白質への部位特異的で迅速で確実で不可逆的なバイオコンジュゲーション法を立証する。生理的条件下で高度に選択的に蛋白質を修飾する化学反応が大いに必要とされている。例えばLemineux,& Bertozzi,(1996)TIBTECH,16:506−513参照。蛋白質の選択的修飾に現在使用されている大半の反応は求核反応パートナーと求電子反応パートナーの間の共有結合形成、例えばα−ハロケトンとヒスチジン又はシステイン側鎖の反応を利用している。これらの場合の選択性は蛋白質中の求核残基の数とアクセシビリティにより決定される。合成又は半合成蛋白質の場合には、非天然ケトアミノ酸とヒドラジド又はアミノオキシ化合物の反応等の他のより選択的な反応を使用することができる。例えばCornishら,(1996)Am.Chem.Soc.,118:8150−8151;及びMahalら,(1997)Science,276:1125−1128参照。最近、アミノ酸特異性を改変した直交tRNA−シンテターゼ対を使用して細菌と酵母でケトン含有アミノ酸(例えばWangら,(2003)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,100:56−61;Zhangら,(2003)Biochemistry,42:6735−6746;及びChinら,(2003)Science,印刷中参照)を含む非天然アミノ酸を遺伝的にコードすることが可能になった(例えばWangら,(2001)Science 292:498−500;Chinら,(2002)Am.Chem.Soc.124:9026−9027;及びChinら,(2002)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,99:11020−11024参照)。この方法により、フルオロフォア、架橋剤及び細胞傷害性分子等の多数の試薬でほぼ任意の蛋白質を選択的に標識することが可能になった。
本発明の1側面では、本発明はアルキニルアミノ酸を提供する。アルキニルアミノ酸の構造の1例は式IV:
1側面では、本発明は付加置換基分子に結合した非天然アミノ酸を含む蛋白質の製造方法と関連組成物を提供する。例えば、[3+2]シクロ付加により付加置換基を非天然アミノ酸に付加することができる。例えば図16参照。例えば、(例えばアジド基又は三重結合等の第1の反応基をもつ)非天然アミノ酸を組込んだ蛋白質への(例えばアルキン三重結合又はアジド基等の第2の反応基をもつ)所望分子の[3+2]シクロ付加は[3+2]シクロ付加反応について公開されている条件に従って実施することができる。例えば、PB緩衝液(pH=8)中に非天然アミノ酸を含む蛋白質をCuSO4、所望分子、及びCu線に加える。混合物を(例えば室温もしくは37℃で4時間又は4℃で一晩)インキュベートした後に、H2Oを加え、混合物を透析膜で濾過する。サンプルの付加を例えばゲル分析により分析することができる。
代表的O−tRNAとしては配列番号65か挙げられる(表5参照)。代表的O−RSとしては配列番号36−63,86が挙げられる(表5参照)。O−RS又はその部分(例えば活性部位)をコードするポリヌクレオチドの例としては配列番号3−35が挙げられる。更に、O−RSの代表的アミノ酸置換を表6に示す。
Claims (13)
- 真正細菌に由来する直交アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(O−RS)と真正細菌に由来する直交tRNA(O−tRNA)と少なくとも1種の非天然アミノ酸とセレクターコドンを含む該当組換え核酸とを含む真核細胞であって、
O−RSは細胞で構成的プロモーターを用いて発現され、
O−RSが直交tRNA(O−tRNA)を真核細胞において非天然アミノ酸で優先的にアミノアシル化し、
O−tRNAが細胞内で発現され、セレクターコドンを特異的に認識し、
細胞が翻訳中にセレクターコドンに応じて該当組換え核酸によりコードされる該当蛋白質に、非天然アミノ酸を特異的に組込み、
細胞が非天然アミノ酸の存在下における該当蛋白質の収率の30%未満の収率で非天然アミノ酸の不在下に該当核酸を翻訳し、
O−RSが、配列番号3−19のいずれか1種に記載のポリヌクレオチド配列によりコードされるか、
あるいは前記O−RSが、配列番号36−47もしくは86のいずれか1種に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むか、
あるいは前記O−RSが、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有する、天然に存在するチロシルアミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(TyrRS)と少なくとも90%一致するアミノ酸配列を含むと共に、
A)大腸菌TyrRSのTyr37に対応する位置にバリン、イソロイシン、ロイシン、又はスレオニン;
B)大腸菌TyrRSのAsp182に対応する位置にスレオニン、セリン、アルギニン、又はグリシン;
C)大腸菌TyrRSのPhe183に対応する位置にメチオニン、又はチロシン;及び
D)大腸菌TyrRSのLeu186に対応する位置にセリン、又はアラニン
から構成される群から選択される2種以上のアミノ酸を含む、前記細胞。 - O−RSが大腸菌に由来する請求項1に記載の細胞。
- 真核細胞が酵母細胞、Saccharomyces cerevisiae細胞、哺乳動物細胞、植物細胞、藻類細胞、真菌細胞、又は昆虫細胞である請求項1に記載の細胞。
- O−RSが天然アミノ酸に比較して少なくとも1種の非天然アミノ酸に1種以上の改善又は強化された酵素性質をもち、前記性質がKm増加、Km低下、kcat増加、kcat低下、kcat/km低下、及びkcat/km増加から構成される群から選択される請求項1に記載の細胞。
- 非天然アミノ酸を含み、前記非天然アミノ酸がp−アセチル−L−フェニルアラニン、p−ヨード−L−フェニルアラニン、O−メチル−L−チロシン、L−3−(2−ナフチル)アラニン、3−メチルフェニルアラニン、O−4−アリル−L−チロシン、4−プロピル−L−チロシン、トリ−O−アセチル−GlcNAcβ−セリン、L−Dopa、フッ素化フェニルアラニン、イソプロピル−L−フェニルアラニン、p−アシル−L−フェニルアラニン、p−ベンゾイル−L−フェニルアラニン、L−ホスホセリン、ホスホノセリン、ホスホノチロシン、p−ブロモフェニルアラニン、p−アミノ−L−フェニルアラニン、イソプロピル−L−フェニルアラニン、チロシンアミノ酸の非天然類似体;グルタミンアミノ酸の非天然類似体;フェニルアラニンアミノ酸の非天然類似体;セリンアミノ酸の非天然類似体;スレオニンアミノ酸の非天然類似体;アルキル、アリール、アシル、アジド、シアノ、ハロ、ヒドラジン、ヒドラジド、ヒドロキシル、アルケニル、アルキニンル、エーテル、チオール、スルホニル、セレノ、エステル、チオ酸、硼酸、ボロン酸、ホスホ、ホスホノ、ホスフィン、複素環、エノン、イミン、アルデヒド、ヒドロキシルアミン、ケト、もしくはアミノ、又はその組み合わせで置換されたアミノ酸;光架橋基をもつアミノ酸;スピン標識アミノ酸;蛍光アミノ酸;金属結合性アミノ酸;金属含有アミノ酸;放射性アミノ酸;フォトケージド及び/又は光異性化可能なアミノ酸;ビオチン又はビオチン類似体含有アミノ酸;ケト含有アミノ酸;ポリエチレングリコール又はポリエーテルを含むアミノ酸;重原子置換アミノ酸;化学分解性又は光分解性アミノ酸;延長側鎖をもつアミノ酸;毒性基を含むアミノ酸;糖置換アミノ酸;炭素結合糖含有アミノ酸;レドックス活性アミノ酸;α−ヒドロキシ含有酸;アミノチオ酸;α,αジ置換アミノ酸;βアミノ酸;プロリン又はヒスチジン以外の環状アミノ酸、及びフェニルアラニン、チロシン又はトリプトファン以外の芳香族アミノ酸から構成される群から選択される請求項1に記載の細胞。
- O−tRNAが大腸菌に由来する請求項1に記載の細胞。
- O−tRNAが配列番号65に記載のポリヌクレオチド配列を含む核酸の細胞内プロセシングにより生産されるtRNAの少なくとも50%の効率で少なくとも1種の非天然アミノ酸の蛋白質組込みを媒介する請求項1に記載の細胞。
- O−tRNAが配列番号65に対応する核酸の細胞内プロセシングにより細胞内で生産される請求項1に記載の細胞。
- 少なくとも1種の非天然アミノ酸を含む該当蛋白質の収率がポリヌクレオチドにセレクターコドンを含まない細胞から天然に存在する該当蛋白質で得られる収率の少なくとも5%であるか、あるいは細胞が少なくとも1種の非天然アミノ酸の存在下における蛋白質の収率の5%未満の収率で少なくとも1種の非天然アミノ酸の不在下に該当蛋白質を生産する請求項1に記載の細胞。
- 該当蛋白質が治療用蛋白質、診断用蛋白質、産業用酵素、転写モジュレーター蛋白質、転写アクチベーター蛋白質、GAL4、転写リプレッサー蛋白質、サイトカイン、増殖因子、増殖因子受容体、インターフェロン、インターロイキン、炎症性分子、腫瘍遺伝子産物、ペプチドホルモン、シグナル伝達分子、ステロイドホルモン受容体、エリスロポエチン(EPO)、インスリン、ヒト成長ホルモン、α1アンチトリプシン、アンジオスタチン、抗血友病因子、抗体、アポリポ蛋白質、アポ蛋白質、心房性ナトリウム利尿因子、心房性ナトリウム利尿ポリペプチド、心房性ペプチド、C−X−Cケモカイン、T39765、NAP−2、ENA−78、Gro−a、Gro−b、Gro−c、IP−10、GCP−2、NAP−4、SDF−1、PF−4、MIG、カルシトニン、cキットリガンド、サイトカイン、CCケモカイン、単球化学誘引蛋白質−1、単球化学誘引蛋白質−2、単球化学誘引蛋白質−3、単球炎症性蛋白質−1α、単球炎症性蛋白質−1β、RANTES、I309、R83915、R91733、HCC1、T58847、D31065、T64262、CD40、CD40リガンド、Cキットリガンド、コラーゲン、コロニー刺激因子(CSF)、補体因子5a、補体阻害剤、補体受容体1、サイトカイン、DHFR、上皮好中球活性化ペプチド−78、GROα/MGSA、GROβ、GROγ、MIP−1α、MIP−1δ、MCP−1、表皮増殖因子(EGF)、上皮好中球活性化ペプチド、エリスロポエチン(EPO)、表皮剥離毒素、IX因子、VII因子、VIII因子、X因子、繊維芽細胞増殖因子(FGF)、フィブリノーゲン、フィブロネクチン、G−CSF、GM−CSF、グルコセレブロシダーゼ、ゴナドトロピン、増殖因子、増殖因子受容体、ヘッジホッグ蛋白質、ヘモグロビン、肝細胞増殖因子(HGF)、ヒルジン、ヒト血清アルブミン、ICAM−1、ICAM−1受容体、LFA−1、LFA−1受容体、インスリン、インスリン様増殖因子(IGF)、IGF−I、IGF−II、インターフェロン、IFN−α、IFN−β、IFN−γ、インターロイキン、IL−1、IL−2、IL−3、IL−4、IL−5、IL−6、IL−7、IL−8、IL−9、IL−10、IL−11、IL−12、ケラチノサイト増殖因子(KGF)、ラクトフェリン、白血病阻害因子、ルシフェラーゼ、ニュールチュリン、好中球阻害因子(NIF)、オンコスタチンM、骨形成蛋白質、腫瘍遺伝子産物、副甲状腺ホルモン、PD−ECSF、PDGF、ペプチドホルモン、ヒト成長ホルモン、プレイオトロピン、プロテインA、プロテインG、発熱外毒素A、B又はC、リラキシン、レニン、SCF、可溶性補体受容体I、可溶性I−CAM1、可溶性インターロイキン受容体、可溶性TNF受容体、ソマトメジン、ソマトスタチン、ソマトトロピン、ストレプトキナーゼ、スーパー抗原、ブドウ球菌エンテロトキシン、SEA、SEB、SEC1、SEC2、SEC3、SED、SEE、ステロイドホルモン受容体、スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ(SOD)、毒素性ショック症候群毒素、チモシンα1、組織プラスミノーゲンアクチベーター、腫瘍増殖因子(TGF)、TGF−α、TGF−β、腫瘍壊死因子、腫瘍壊死因子α、腫瘍壊死因子β、腫瘍壊死因子受容体(TNFR)、VLA−4蛋白質、VCAM−1蛋白質、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGEF)、ウロキナーゼ、Mos、Ras、Raf、Met、p53、Tat、Fos、Myc、Jun、Myb、Rel、エストロゲン受容体、プロゲステロン受容体、テストステロン受容体、アルドステロン受容体、LDL受容体、SCF/cキット、CD40L/CD40、VLA−4/VCAM−1、ICAM−1/LFA−1、ヒアルリン/CD44、及びコルチコステロンから構成される群から選択される蛋白質又は蛋白質の一部を含む請求項1に記載の細胞。
- O−tRNAが転写後修飾される請求項1に記載の細胞。
- 少なくとも1種の非天然アミノ酸を含む少なくとも1種の蛋白質を請求項1に記載の真核細胞で生産する方法であって、
少なくとも1種の非天然アミノ酸を含む前記真核細胞を適当な培地で増殖させる段階を含む、前記方法。 - 少なくとも1種の非天然アミノ酸を含む蛋白質を真核細胞で生産するためのキットであって、
直交tRNA(O−tRNA)をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列と、直交アミノアシルtRNAシンテターゼ(O−RS)をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を収容する容器を含み、
ここで、O−RSがO−tRNAを非天然アミノ酸で優先的にアミノアシル化し、
O−RSが配列番号36−47及び86から構成される群から選択されるポリペプチド配列を含み、
細胞が非天然アミノ酸の存在下における蛋白質の収率の10%未満の収率で非天然アミノ酸の不在下に蛋白質を生産し、そして
O−tRNAが細胞中の該当組換え核酸のセレクターコドンを特異的に認識する前記キット。
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