JP5601079B2 - 半導体装置、半導体回路基板および半導体回路基板の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置、半導体回路基板および半導体回路基板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5601079B2 JP5601079B2 JP2010178431A JP2010178431A JP5601079B2 JP 5601079 B2 JP5601079 B2 JP 5601079B2 JP 2010178431 A JP2010178431 A JP 2010178431A JP 2010178431 A JP2010178431 A JP 2010178431A JP 5601079 B2 JP5601079 B2 JP 5601079B2
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Description
表面と裏面とを有し、前記表面に化合物半導体層を有し、前記化合物半導体層に半導体能動素子が形成され、前記裏面は半導体からなる平滑な面であり、かつ前記裏面に前記半導体能動素子と接続する電気的接合用の第1コンタクト領域を有する第1基板と、
化合物半導体以外の材料で形成され、半導体能動素子を有さず、半導体からなる平滑な表面、前記表面に露出するように埋め込まれた第2コンタクト領域、および前記表面に凹凸を形成しないように内部に埋め込まれ若しくは裏面側に露出させられ前記第2コンタクト領域と接続する受動回路を有し、前記第1コンタクト領域と前記第2コンタクト領域とを接続させるように前記平滑な前記表面に前記第1基板の前記平滑な前記裏面を直接に接合させられた第2基板と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
表面と裏面とを有し、前記表面に化合物半導体層を含み、前記化合物半導体層に複数の半導体能動素子が形成され、前記裏面は半導体からなる平滑な面であり、かつ前記裏面に前記複数の半導体能動素子のそれぞれと接続する電気的接合用の複数の第1コンタクト領域を有する第1基板と、
化合物半導体以外の材料で形成され、半導体能動素子を有さず、半導体からなる平滑な表面、前記表面に露出するように埋め込まれた複数の第2コンタクト領域、および前記表面に凹凸を形成しないように内部に埋め込まれ若しくは裏面側に露出させられ前記複数の第2コンタクト領域とそれぞれ接続する複数の受動回路を有し、前記複数の第1コンタクト領域と前記複数の第2コンタクト領域とをそれぞれ接続させるように前記平滑な前記表面に前記第1基板の前記平滑な前記裏面を直接に接合させられた第2基板と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
化合物半導体層を含み、表面と、半導体からなる裏面と、を有する第1基板を準備する工程と、
化合物半導体以外の材料で形成され、半導体からなる表面と、裏面と、を有する第2基板を準備する工程と、
前記第1基板に対し、前記化合物半導体層への半導体能動素子を形成、プラズマ処理またはイオン銃による前記裏面の平滑化および活性化、および前記裏面に前記半導体能動素子と接続する電気的接合用の第1コンタクト領域の形成を行う工程と、
前記第2基板に対し、プラズマ処理またはイオン銃による前記表面の平滑化および活性化、第2コンタクト領域を前記表面に露出するように形成する当該第2コンタクト領域の埋め込み形成、および前記表面に凹凸を形成しないように内部に埋め込み若しくは裏面側に露出させかつ前記第2コンタクト領域と接続させるように受動回路の形成を行う工程と、
前記第1コンタクト領域と前記第2コンタクト領域とを接続させるように、前記平滑化された前記表面に前記第1基板の前記平滑化された前記裏面を、熱圧着または常温接合により直接に接合させる接合工程と、
を有することを特徴とする。
[実施の形態1の構成]
(半導体回路基板の構造)
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる半導体回路基板2の構成の一部を拡大して示す断面図である。本実施形態にかかる構成を適用する対象(用途)として、例えば高周波回路に代表されるMMICが挙げられる。半導体回路基板2は、図1の構成を1単位として、この1単位の構成が平面方向に多数並んでいる。すなわち、半導体回路基板2は、トランジスタ形成基板10と回路形成基板50とがウェハレベルで接合された構成を有している。
なお、本実施形態では、半導体能動素子をHBT(ヘテロ接合バイポーラトランジスタ:Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor)と呼称される構造のトランジスタを図示しており、コレクタ層下部に接触させた電極がコレクタ電極となる。このようにトランジスタに直接電極をコンタクトさせる構造はHBTにのみ適用可能な構造である。
トランジスタ形成基板10と回路形成基板50とは、直接に接合されている。つまり、本実施形態において、トランジスタ形成基板10と回路形成基板50との間には、絶縁膜や導電性膜を含む他の膜が介在しない。
以下、図3を用いて、本発明の実施の形態1において使用される、「wafer layer transfer」と呼ばれる技術を説明する。本実施形態では、この「wafer layer transfer」技術を用いてトランジスタ形成基板10を形成し、半導体回路基板2を形成する。図3に、裏面研削による基板の無駄を抑えるために必要となるエピタキシャル層構造を示す。種基板(基板60)とトランジスタ形成基板10間には、切り離し犠牲層62が設けられている。
以下、実施の形態1にかかる半導体回路基板の製造方法を説明する。
まず、化合物半導体層を有するトランジスタ形成基板を準備する。本実施形態では、前述したように「wafer layer transfer」技術によって、GaNからなるトランジスタ形成基板10を製造している。
以下、本実施形態により得られる効果について、図17,18の比較例も参照しつつ、説明する。
図1に示すように、実施の形態1においては、縦構造デバイスであるBJT40をトランジスタ形成基板10に設けた。しかしながら、本発明はこれに限られるものではない。トランジスタ形成基板10に相当する化合物半導体エピタキシャル層に、BJTの代わりに、他の半導体能動素子(例えば、FET、HBT或いはダイオード)を設けても良い。
なお、GaAsに対するInPの優位性としては、InPは電子速度が高いという材料物性の観点から、優れた高周波特性を得られる点がある。つまり、InPによれば、GaAsよりも高い周波数領域で利得が得られる。また、GaNは耐圧が高いため高電圧駆動や高出力駆動が可能であるという利点が有る。
また、ワイドギャップ半導体材料の1つであるSiCには、高電流を流すことが可能、高周波で動作可能、高温で動作可能、絶縁性が高い、しきい値電圧が低いといった特性がある。このようなワイドバンドギャップ半導体によって形成されたスイッチング素子やダイオード素子は、耐電圧性が高く、許容電流密度も高いため、スイッチング素子やダイオード素子の小型化が可能であり、これら小型化されたスイッチング素子やダイオード素子を用いることにより、これらの素子を組み込んだ半導体モジュールの小型化が可能となる。更に電力損失が低いため、スイッチング素子やダイオード素子の高効率化が可能であり、延いては半導体モジュールの高効率化が可能になる。
また、回路形成基板50はSiだけに限らず、他の材料でも良い。なお、トランジスタ形成基板10の材料と回路形成基板50の材料の組み合わせとしては、トランジスタ形成基板10の基板材料はトランジスタ(能動素子)の特性を大きく左右するGaAs、GaN、InPなど化合物半導体材料であり、それに対して回路形成基板50の基板材料としてはコスト低減の面からSiが望ましい。
以下、重複を避けるために、実施の形態1で述べた構成と同一あるいは相当する構成には同じ符号を付し、適宜に説明を省略ないしは簡略化する。
以下、重複を避けるために、実施の形態1で述べた構成と同一あるいは相当する構成には同じ符号を付し、適宜に説明を省略ないしは簡略化する。
図7乃至10は、本発明の実施の形態4にかかる半導体回路基板の製造方法を説明するための図である。実施の形態4にかかる半導体回路基板の製造方法は、実施の形態3にかかる側壁74の具体的な製造方法の一例である。
図11は、本発明の実施の形態5にかかる半導体回路基板の構成を示す図である。図11の構成は、図5に示した実施の形態3にかかる半導体回路基板の構成を、基板平面の垂直方向に積層したものである。
図12は、本発明の実施の形態6にかかる半導体回路基板の構成を示す図である。図12には、図5におけるトランジスタチップの裏面および表面に、回路形成基板(回路形成基板150、152、170、172)をそれぞれ複数枚ずつ接合させた構造を示している。回路形成基板150、152、170、172は、それぞれ、化合物半導体以外の材料で形成されており、互いに接合し、それぞれが有するコンタクト領域で互いに電気的に接続している。回路形成基板150、152、170、172の各々は、配線または/および受動回路を有している。回路形成基板150、152、170、172のそれぞれの内部構成は、同様の構成でもよいし、あるいは互いに相違させてもよい。
図13は、本発明の実施の形態7にかかる半導体装置の構成を示す図である。実施の形態7にかかる半導体装置は、図11に示した実施の形態5にかかる半導体装置の1単位の構成をさらに多段に積み上げた構成において、装置全体の安定性を増すために、積層方向を挟み込むように回路形成基板280および282を接合させている。
図15は、本発明の実施の形態8にかかる半導体装置の構成を模式的に示す図である。図15(a)はトランジスタ形成基板10の切断面を見た断面図、図15(b)は実施の形態8にかかる半導体装置をトランジスタ形成基板10の上方から見下ろした平面図である。
10 トランジスタ形成基板
12、14 素子間分離領域
16 配線
17 コンタクト領域
18 パッド
20 コレクタ(コレクタ層)
22 ベース(ベース層)
24 エミッタ(エミッタ層)
30 エミッタコンタクト(エミッタコンタクト層)
32 擬似オーミック層
34 バリア層
36,38 エミッタ電極
40 トランジスタ
50、70、90、150、152、170、172 回路形成基板
52、54 コンタクト領域
60 種基板
62 犠牲層
72 コンタクト領域
74 側壁(パッケージング材料)
80、84 保護材料
82、86 溝
92、94 コンタクト領域
120 コレクタ電極
140 トランジスタ
240 トランジスタチップ
252、254 コンタクト領域
250、280、282、350 回路形成基板
318 パッド
316、352、354 配線
400 無駄部分
Claims (16)
- 表面と裏面とを有し、前記表面に化合物半導体層を有し、前記化合物半導体層に半導体能動素子が形成され、前記裏面は半導体からなる平滑な面であり、かつ前記裏面に前記半導体能動素子と接続する電気的接合用の第1コンタクト領域を有する第1基板と、
化合物半導体以外の材料で形成され、半導体能動素子を有さず、半導体からなる平滑な表面、前記表面に露出するように埋め込まれた第2コンタクト領域、および前記表面に凹凸を形成しないように内部に埋め込まれ若しくは裏面側に露出させられ前記第2コンタクト領域と接続する受動回路を有し、前記第1コンタクト領域と前記第2コンタクト領域とを接続させるように前記平滑な前記表面に前記第1基板の前記平滑な前記裏面を直接に接合させられた第2基板と、
を備えることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 化合物半導体以外の材料で形成され、半導体能動素子を有さず、前記第1基板の前記表面側において前記第1基板の前記半導体能動素子と接続する第3基板をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1基板上に前記半導体能動素子を囲うように設けられ、前記第1基板、前記第3基板とともに当該半導体能動素子を収納する内部空間を形成する側壁を、更に備えることを特徴とする請求項2記載の半導体装置。
- 前記側壁は、前記第1基板と前記第3基板との間に介在する導電性材料からなる接続部を有することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の半導体装置。
- 請求項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置を2つ以上備え、
前記2つ以上の前記請求項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置のうち第1の半導体装置の前記第3基板における前記第1基板の回路と接続しない側の面と、前記2つ以上の前記請求項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置のうち第2の半導体装置の前記第2基板の前記表面とが接合されている事を特徴とする半導体装置。 - 表面と裏面とを有し、前記表面に化合物半導体層を含み、前記化合物半導体層に複数の半導体能動素子が形成され、前記裏面は半導体からなる平滑な面であり、かつ前記裏面に前記複数の半導体能動素子のそれぞれと接続する電気的接合用の複数の第1コンタクト領域を有する第1基板と、
化合物半導体以外の材料で形成され、半導体能動素子を有さず、半導体からなる平滑な表面、前記表面に露出するように埋め込まれた複数の第2コンタクト領域、および前記表面に凹凸を形成しないように内部に埋め込まれ若しくは裏面側に露出させられ前記複数の第2コンタクト領域とそれぞれ接続する複数の受動回路を有し、前記複数の第1コンタクト領域と前記複数の第2コンタクト領域とをそれぞれ接続させるように前記平滑な前記表面に前記第1基板の前記平滑な前記裏面を直接に接合させられた第2基板と、
を備えることを特徴とする半導体回路基板。 - 化合物半導体以外の材料で形成され、半導体能動素子を有さず、前記第1基板の前記表面側において前記第1基板の前記半導体能動素子と接続する第3基板をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項6記載の半導体回路基板。
- 前記第1基板上に前記半導体能動素子を囲うように設けられ、前記第1基板、前記第3基板とともに当該半導体能動素子を収納する内部空間を形成する側壁を、更に備えることを特徴とする請求項7記載の半導体回路基板。
- 前記側壁は、前記第1基板と前記第3基板との間に介在する導電性材料からなる接続部を有することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の半導体回路基板。
- 請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の半導体回路基板を2つ以上備え、
前記2つ以上の前記請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の半導体回路基板のうち第1の半導体回路基板の前記第3基板における前記第1基板の回路と接続しない側の面と、前記2つ以上の前記請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の半導体回路基板のうち第2の半導体回路基板の前記第2基板の前記表面とが接合されている事を特徴とする半導体回路基板。 - 前記第1基板の前記裏面および前記第2基板の前記表面は、ラフネスが3nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項6〜10のいずれか1項に記載の半導体回路基板。
- 前記第1基板は、100μm以下の厚さを有することを特徴とする請求項6〜11のいずれか1項に記載の半導体回路基板。
- 化合物半導体層を含み、表面と、半導体からなる裏面と、を有する第1基板を準備する工程と、
化合物半導体以外の材料で形成され、半導体からなる表面と、裏面と、を有する第2基板を準備する工程と、
前記第1基板に対し、前記化合物半導体層への半導体能動素子を形成、プラズマ処理またはイオン銃による前記裏面の平滑化および活性化、および前記裏面に前記半導体能動素子と接続する電気的接合用の第1コンタクト領域の形成を行う工程と、
前記第2基板に対し、プラズマ処理またはイオン銃による前記表面の平滑化および活性化、第2コンタクト領域を前記表面に露出するように形成する当該第2コンタクト領域の埋め込み形成、および前記表面に凹凸を形成しないように内部に埋め込み若しくは裏面側に露出させかつ前記第2コンタクト領域と接続させるように受動回路の形成を行う工程と、
前記第1コンタクト領域と前記第2コンタクト領域とを接続させるように、前記平滑化された前記表面に前記第1基板の前記平滑化された前記裏面を、熱圧着または常温接合により直接に接合させる接合工程と、
を有することを特徴とする半導体回路基板の製造方法。 - 前記第1基板の前記半導体能動素子が設けられた面に第1の材料を被覆させる工程と、
前記材料に、前記半導体能動素子の周囲を囲うように、溝を形成する工程と、
前記溝内に、前記半導体能動素子のパッケージング用の側壁を形成するための第2の材料を入れる工程と、
前記第1基板の前記半導体能動素子が設けられた面が平滑となり、かつ前記半導体能動素子の電極が露出するように、前記溝内に入れられた前記第1の材料および前記第2の材料の高さを調節する工程と、
化合物半導体以外の材料で形成され、半導体能動素子を有さない第3基板を準備する工程と、
前記第1基板の前記表面側において前記第1基板の回路と接続するように、前記第1の材料を除去した後の前記第2の材料で形成された前記側壁に対して又は前記第1の材料を残したまま前記第2の材料で形成された前記側壁に対して、前記第3基板を取り付ける工程と、
を有することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の半導体回路基板の製造方法。 - 前記溝内に入れた前記材料にビアホールを形成する工程と、
前記ビアホールを導電性材料で埋めてビアを作成する工程と、
前記ビアを介して前記第1基板の回路と電気的に接続するように第3基板を取り付けることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の半導体回路基板の製造方法。 - 請求項13〜15のいずれか1項に係る半導体回路基板の製造方法を用いて半導体回路基板を製造する製造工程と、
前記製造工程により製造した前記半導体回路基板を、半導体装置単位で複数のチップに分割する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
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JP2012038951A (ja) | 2012-02-23 |
CN102376664B (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
DE102011080360A1 (de) | 2012-02-09 |
US20120032296A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
US8471377B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 |
CN102376664A (zh) | 2012-03-14 |
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