JP5528672B2 - 半導体ナノクリスタルを含む発光デバイス - Google Patents
半導体ナノクリスタルを含む発光デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP5528672B2 JP5528672B2 JP2007555341A JP2007555341A JP5528672B2 JP 5528672 B2 JP5528672 B2 JP 5528672B2 JP 2007555341 A JP2007555341 A JP 2007555341A JP 2007555341 A JP2007555341 A JP 2007555341A JP 5528672 B2 JP5528672 B2 JP 5528672B2
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- transport layer
- light emitting
- emitting device
- semiconductor
- electrode
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CULOEOTWMUCRSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium(i) fluoride Chemical compound [Tl]F CULOEOTWMUCRSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- WYUZTTNXJUJWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin telluride Chemical compound [Te]=[Sn] WYUZTTNXJUJWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKIZDWBGWFWWOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(trimethylsilylselanyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)[Se][Si](C)(C)C FKIZDWBGWFWWOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMDCDZDSJKQVBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(trimethylsilyltellanyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)[Te][Si](C)(C)C VMDCDZDSJKQVBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAKSIRCIOXDVPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl(selanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(=[Se])(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZAKSIRCIOXDVPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIOZWDBMINZWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(=S)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC PIOZWDBMINZWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/14—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a carrier transport control structure, e.g. highly-doped semiconductor layer or current-blocking structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D71/06—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers
- B65D71/12—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers the packaging elements, e.g. wrappers being formed by folding a single blank
- B65D71/36—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers the packaging elements, e.g. wrappers being formed by folding a single blank having a tubular shape, e.g. tubular wrappers, with end walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
- B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
- B65D81/261—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for draining or collecting liquids without absorbing them
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
- H01L33/06—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
- H01L33/18—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous within the light emitting region
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Description
本出願は、2005年2月16日出願の米国予備特許出願第60/653,094号に対する優先権を主張するものである。該予備特許出願を引用により本明細書中に取り込んでいる。
(技術分野)
本発明は、半導体ナノクリスタルを含む発光デバイスに関するものである。
(連邦政府による資金提供を受けた開発研究)
米国政府は、空軍航空宇宙研究(Air Force Aerospace Research)からの助成金番号FA9550-04-1-0462、及び全米科学財団(National Science Foundation)からの助成金番号DMR-0213282に従って、本発明において特定の権利を有することがある。
発光デバイスは、例えば、ディスプレイ(例えば、フラットパネルディスプレイ)、スクリーン(例えば、コンピュータスクリーン)、及び照明を必要とする他の物品で使用され得る。したがって、発光デバイスの輝度は、デバイスの一つの重要な特徴である。また、低い動作電圧及び高い効率は、放出デバイス製造の実行可能性を改善し得る。多くの応用において、長いデバイス寿命が所望される。
一般に、発光デバイスは、複数の半導体ナノクリスタルを含むことができる。半導体ナノクリスタルは、有機配位子の層で任意に修飾された、例えば直径1〜15nmの無機半導体粒子であり得る。ナノクリスタルは、強い量子閉じ込め効果を示し、ナノクリスタルのサイズ及び組成で調整可能な電子的及び光学的特性を有する複合へテロ構造を作り出すボトムアップ化学的手法を設計する際に利用され得る。
該複数の半導体ナノクリスタルを堆積することは、該複数の半導体ナノクリスタルを単層として堆積することを含むことができる。該複数の半導体ナノクリスタルを堆積することは、パターンを形成することを含むことができる。該第一無機物質を堆積することは、スパッタリングを含むことができる。
別の態様において、光を発生する方法は、第一電極、 第二電極、該第一電極と接触している第一無機物質含有第一電荷輸送層、及び該第一電極と該第二電極との間に配置された複数の半導体ナノクリスタルを含む、デバイスを提供すること、及び該第一電極と該第二電極とにわたって、光を発生する電位を印加することを含む。
本発明の他の特徴、目的、及び利点は、明細書、及び図面から、及び特許請求の範囲から明らかにされるであろう。
発光デバイスは、デバイスの二つの電極を分離する二つの層を含むことができる。一方の層の物質は、物質が正孔を輸送できる能力に基づいて選択することができ、即ち正孔輸送層(HTL)にすることができる。他方の層の物質は、物質が電子を輸送できる能力に基づいて選択することができ、即ち電子輸送層(ETL)にすることができる。通常、電子輸送層は、エレクトロルミネッセンス層を含む。電圧が印加されるとき、一方の電極は、正孔(正電荷キャリア)を正孔輸送層に注入し、他方の電極は、電子を電子輸送層に注入する。注入された正孔及び電子はそれぞれ、逆に荷電された電極に向かって移動する。電子及び正孔が同一分子に局在するとき、励起子が形成され、励起子は、再結合して光を放出することができる。該デバイスは、HTLとETLとの間の放出層を含むことができる。該放出層は、発光波長又は線幅など、その放出特性のために選択された物質を含むことができる。
適切な配位子を、商業的に購入することができ、又は、例えば「有機化学特論(Advanced Organic Chemistry)」, J. March(その全体を引用により取り込む)に記載されている通常の合成有機技法によって調製することができる。
デバイスを、該輸送層の全てを塗布した後に熱的に処理することができる。熱処理は、ナノクリスタル内への電荷注入をさらに向上させ、かつナノクリスタル上の有機キャッピング基(organic capping groups)を排除することができる。該キャッピング基の不安定性は、デバイスの不安定性の原因となり得る。
無機TPD被膜を、化学的かつ電気的により安定な高バンドギャップ(>3eV)無機正孔輸送層に置き換え、LEDを製造した。バンドオフセットの考慮(CdSeナノクリスタルに対して)、堆積の容易性、及びCdSeナノクリスタルとのその化学的適合性に基づき、NiOを選択した。さらに、初期研究は、NiO又はNi標的の近室温反応性スパッタリングにより透明p型NiO薄膜を得ることができ、かつ電気光学デバイスの正孔輸送/注入層として使用できることを示している。例えば、H. Satoらの論文, Thin Solid Films 236, 1-2 (1993); K. Sugaらの論文, Sens. Actuators B 14, 598(1993);及びW.Y. Leeらの論文, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 1584 (1998)を参照されたい。各文献は、その全体において引用により取り込まれている。調査した該LEDデバイスのバンド構造は、ナノクリスタルルモフォアを挟んでいるNiO正孔輸送層とAlq3電子輸送層とともに図4Aに示した。
他の実施態様は、下記請求項の範囲内である。
Claims (19)
- 第一電荷輸送層に電荷を導入するように配置された第一電極に接触している第一無機物質含有第一電荷輸送層、ここで、該第一電荷輸送層は正孔輸送層である;
第二電極;
該第一電極と該第二電極との間に配置された複数の半導体ナノクリスタル;及び
該複数の半導体ナノクリスタルに近接した低濃度にドープされた層、ここで、該低濃度にドープされた層は、該第一電荷輸送層中の非結合性電荷キャリアにより消光する励起子による無放射損失を最小にするのに有効な量でドープされている;
を含む、発光デバイスであって、
ドープされた層が無機物質を含み、かつドーパントが酸素欠損、ハロゲンドーパント、混合金属、p-型ドーパント、又はn-型ドーパントである、前記発光デバイス。 - 前記第二電極と接触している第二電荷輸送層をさらに含み、該第二電荷輸送層が電子輸送層である、請求項1記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記第二電荷輸送層が、無機半導体からなる第二無機物質を含む、請求項2記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記第二無機物質が、アモルファス、又は多結晶質である、請求項3記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記無機半導体が、金属カルコゲニド、金属プニクタイド、又は元素半導体を含む、請求項3又は4記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記第二無機物質が、2種以上の金属カルコゲニドの混合物を含む、請求項5記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記金属カルコゲニドが、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、酸化ニッケル、硫化亜鉛、酸化インジウムスズ、又はそれらの混合物を含む、請求項5又は6記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記複数の半導体ナノクリスタル粒子のみの集団が、単層を形成する、請求項1〜4又は6のいずれか1項記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記複数の半導体ナノクリスタル粒子の集団が、ナノクリスタルの直径について15%rms未満の偏差を有する、請求項1〜4、6又は8のいずれか1項記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記複数の半導体ナノクリスタルが、パターン状に配置された、請求項1〜4、6、8又は9のいずれか1項記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記デバイスが透明である、請求項1〜4、6、又は8〜10のいずれか1項記載の発光デバイス。
- 電極の上に、第一無機物質含有第一電荷輸送層を堆積すること、ここで、該第一電荷輸送層は正孔輸送層である;及び
該電極の上に複数の半導体ナノクリスタルを堆積することを含む、請求項1〜4、6、又は8〜11のいずれか1項記載のデバイスの製造方法であって、
該複数の半導体ナノクリスタルを、該第一電荷輸送層と電気的に接触させる、前記方法。 - 請求項1〜4、6、又は8〜11のいずれか1項記載のデバイスを提供すること、及び
前記第一電極と前記第二電極とにわたって、光を発生する電位を印加することを含む、光を発生する方法。 - 請求項1〜4、6、又は8〜11のいずれか1項記載の発光デバイスを複数含む、ディスプレイ。
- 前記第一無機物質含有第一電荷輸送層が、スパッタリングにより堆積される、請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記第一電荷輸送層が、無機半導体からなる無機物質を含む、請求項1記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記無機半導体が、金属カルコゲニド、金属プニクタイド、又は元素半導体を含む、請求項16記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記無機半導体が、2種以上の金属カルコゲニドの混合物を含む、請求項17記載の発光デバイス。
- 前記金属カルコゲニドが、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、酸化ニッケル、硫化亜鉛、酸化インジウムスズ、又はそれらの混合物から選択される、請求項17又は18記載の発光デバイス。
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2006
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- 2006-02-15 EP EP06735037.1A patent/EP1864341B1/en active Active
- 2006-02-15 KR KR1020127029292A patent/KR20130007649A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-15 WO PCT/US2006/005184 patent/WO2006088877A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2006-02-15 JP JP2007555341A patent/JP5528672B2/ja active Active
- 2006-02-15 CN CNA2006800125477A patent/CN101213681A/zh active Pending
- 2006-02-15 TW TW095105073A patent/TWI440206B/zh active
- 2006-02-15 EP EP12187692.4A patent/EP2546192B1/en active Active
- 2006-02-15 CN CN201710772330.6A patent/CN107507895B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101213681A (zh) | 2008-07-02 |
JP2012023388A (ja) | 2012-02-02 |
EP1864341B1 (en) | 2019-11-13 |
JP2008530802A (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
WO2006088877A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
JP5806895B2 (ja) | 2015-11-10 |
EP1864341A1 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
TW200727514A (en) | 2007-07-16 |
TWI440206B (zh) | 2014-06-01 |
EP2546192A2 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
PL2546192T3 (pl) | 2020-05-18 |
US8232722B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
EP2546192A3 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
CN107507895A (zh) | 2017-12-22 |
US20170125635A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
KR20130007649A (ko) | 2013-01-18 |
CN107507895B (zh) | 2020-12-01 |
US9550614B2 (en) | 2017-01-24 |
KR20070107708A (ko) | 2007-11-07 |
US10014438B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
US20120238047A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
US20070103068A1 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
KR101257780B1 (ko) | 2013-04-24 |
US20120292595A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
EP2546192B1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
MY168191A (en) | 2018-10-15 |
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