JP5456943B2 - 排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5456943B2 JP5456943B2 JP2013534708A JP2013534708A JP5456943B2 JP 5456943 B2 JP5456943 B2 JP 5456943B2 JP 2013534708 A JP2013534708 A JP 2013534708A JP 2013534708 A JP2013534708 A JP 2013534708A JP 5456943 B2 JP5456943 B2 JP 5456943B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- ozone
- air
- nitrogen
- dryer
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 242
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 233
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 182
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 90
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 102
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 17
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
Description
図1に示すように、ディーゼルエンジン11の排ガス浄化装置は、エンジン11の排気管12にこの排気管12の出口に向って酸化触媒13とオゾン噴射ノズル14と尿素系流体噴射ノズル16と選択還元型触媒17とがこの順で配設されて構成される。このエンジン11の吸気ポートには吸気マニホルド18を介して吸気管19が接続され、排気ポートには排気マニホルド21を介して排気管12が接続される。吸気管19には、ターボ過給機22のコンプレッサハウジング22aと、ターボ過給機22により圧縮された吸気を冷却するインタクーラ20とがそれぞれ設けられ、排気管12にはターボ過給機22のタービンハウジング22bが設けられる。コンプレッサハウジング22aにはコンプレッサ回転翼(図示せず)が回転可能に収容され、タービンハウジング22bにはタービン回転翼(図示せず)が回転可能に収容される。コンプレッサ回転翼とタービン回転翼とはシャフト(図示せず)により連結され、エンジン11から排出される排ガスのエネルギによりタービン回転翼及びシャフトを介してコンプレッサ回転翼が回転し、このコンプレッサ回転翼の回転により吸気管内の吸入空気が圧縮されるように構成される。
この結果、オゾン発生器39の周辺環境(周辺温度や周辺湿度)が変化しても、排ガス中のNOx量とNO対NO2の流量比に見合った量のオゾンを過不足なく排気管12に供給できる、即ちエンジン11の運転状態に追従した正確な量のオゾンを排気管12に供給できる。
NO+NO2+2NH3 → 2N2+3H2O ……(3)
NO+NO2+2NH3 → 2N2+3H2O ……(4)
上記式(2)は、選択還元型触媒17入口の排ガス温度が220℃未満と比較的低いため、比較的少ない量であるけれども、尿素水(尿素系流体24)のアンモニアガスへの加水分解が進む化学反応式を示す。また、上記式(3)は、排ガス中のNO及びNO2が選択還元型触媒17で上記尿素水から加水分解したアンモニアガスと反応して、NO及びNO2がN2に還元される化学反応式を示す。更に、上記式(4)は排ガス中のNO及びNO2が選択還元型触媒17でアンモニアガス(尿素系流体24)と反応して、NO及びNO2がN2に還元される化学反応式を示す。ここで、尿素系流体24として尿素水を用いるよりアンモニアガスを用いた方がNO及びNO2のN2への還元反応が速やかに進むので、尿素系流体24としてアンモニアガスを用いた方が好ましい。
図8は本発明の第2の実施の形態を示す。図8において図3と同一符号は同一部品を示す。この実施の形態では、オゾン発生器39の表面、即ち吸湿部材39eの表面から所定の間隔をあけかつ吸湿部材39eの表面に平行に延びて設けられた窒素噴射ノズル81が分岐管52の先端に接続される。この窒素噴射ノズル81には、吸湿部材39eの表面に対向する複数の噴射口81aが窒素噴射ノズル81の長手方向に所定の間隔をあけて形成される。また一端がドライヤのパージガス排出口に接続されたドレン管47の他端は、窒素噴射ノズル81と吸湿部材39eの間に、吸湿部材39eに向って傾斜するように挿入される。上記以外は第1の実施の形態と同一に構成される。
なお、本国際出願は、2011年9月21日に出願した日本国特許出願第206122号(特願2011−206122)に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、特願2011−206122の全内容を本国際出願に援用する。
Claims (3)
- エンジンの排気管にこの排気管の出口に向って酸化触媒とオゾン噴射ノズルと尿素系流体噴射ノズルと選択還元型触媒とがこの順で配設され、前記エンジンの吸気量を検出するエアフローセンサと前記オゾン噴射ノズルの上流側の排気管に設けられ前記排気管中のNOx濃度を検出するNOxセンサと前記選択還元型触媒の入口温度を検出する第1温度センサと前記酸化触媒の入口温度を検出する第2温度センサとを備えた排ガス浄化装置であって、
前記オゾン噴射ノズルがオゾン発生装置に接続され、
前記オゾン発生装置が、空気を圧縮するコンプレッサと、このコンプレッサにより圧縮された空気を乾燥させるドライヤと、このドライヤにより乾燥された前記空気の流量を検出する流量センサと、この流量センサで検出された前記空気をオゾンに変換するオゾン発生器と、このオゾン発生器と前記オゾン噴射ノズルの間に設けられ前記オゾン発生器で発生したオゾンの濃度を検出するオゾン濃度センサと、前記ドライヤと前記オゾン発生器との間に設けられ前記ドライヤにより乾燥された前記空気を酸素濃度の高い酸素富化ガスと窒素濃度の高い窒素富化ガスとに分離する空気分離器と、前記オゾン発生器の表面に設けられ前記ドライヤから排出された水分であるドレン水を吸収可能な多孔質の吸湿部材とを有し、
前記空気分離器で分離された酸素富化ガス中の酸素の一部を前記オゾン発生器に導入して前記オゾン発生器によりオゾンに変換し、前記空気分離器で分離された窒素富化ガスにより前記ドライヤ内の水分を除去して前記ドライヤを再生するように構成され、前記オゾン発生器が、前記空気分離器で分離された窒素富化ガス、或いは前記ドライヤから排出された水分であるドレン水のいずれか一方又は双方により冷却されるように構成され、
前記エンジンの負荷が負荷センサにより検出され、
前記エアフローセンサ、前記NOxセンサ、前記第1温度センサ、前記第2温度センサ、前記流量センサ、前記オゾン濃度センサ及び前記負荷センサの各検出出力に基づいて、コントローラが前記コンプレッサによる前記空気量及び前記オゾン発生器によるオゾン発生量を制御する
ことを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記空気分離器が酸素富化膜により構成され、前記酸素富化ガスは前記ドライヤにより乾燥された空気が前記酸素富化膜を通過することにより生成され、前記窒素富化ガスは前記ドライヤにより乾燥された空気が前記酸素富化膜を通過せずに素通りすることにより生成される請求項1記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記空気分離器で分離された窒素富化ガスがパージ管を通って前記ドライヤに供給されるように構成され、前記パージ管にこのパージ管を通過する前記窒素富化ガスの流量を調整するガス流量調整弁が設けられ、一端が前記ガス流量調整弁より窒素富化ガス下流側の前記パージ管に接続された分岐管の他端が前記オゾン発生器の表面に対向して設けられた請求項1記載の排ガス浄化装置。
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JP6147563B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-13 | 2017-06-14 | 日野自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化システム及び排気浄化方法 |
FR3007795B1 (fr) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-06-19 | Renault Sa | Systeme et procede de diagnostic de la reduction catalytique selective d'un vehicule automobile. |
JP6083373B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-05 | 2017-02-22 | 株式会社デンソー | 高活性物質添加装置 |
US9217236B2 (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-12-22 | Komatsu Ltd. | Work vehicle |
US9677448B2 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2017-06-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method and system for reducing engine exhaust emissions |
EP3337592A1 (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2018-06-27 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Oxygen separator with improved efficiency |
US10030557B2 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2018-07-24 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust passage having first and second catalysts |
DE102017130314A1 (de) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-21 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Erhöhte NOx-Umwandlung durch Einführung von Ozon |
DE102017213980A1 (de) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-02-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gasanalysator zur Messung von Stickoxiden und mindestens einer weiteren Komponente eines Abgases |
JP7002381B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2022-01-20 | 株式会社Soken | オゾン供給装置 |
DE102018216494A1 (de) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-03-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Betriebsmittelversorgungsanlage mit einem Luftabscheider, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Betriebsmittelversorgungsanlage |
WO2020083171A1 (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-30 | 上海必修福企业管理有限公司 | 一种发动机尾气臭氧净化系统和方法 |
JP7275980B2 (ja) * | 2019-04-02 | 2023-05-18 | 株式会社デンソー | 排気浄化システム |
CN112557454A (zh) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-26 | 中国电子系统工程第二建设有限公司 | 一种用于定量分析痕量尿素的方法及装置 |
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