JP5426675B2 - コバルト触媒を用いる酢酸からのエタノールの製造 - Google Patents
コバルト触媒を用いる酢酸からのエタノールの製造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5426675B2 JP5426675B2 JP2011521097A JP2011521097A JP5426675B2 JP 5426675 B2 JP5426675 B2 JP 5426675B2 JP 2011521097 A JP2011521097 A JP 2011521097A JP 2011521097 A JP2011521097 A JP 2011521097A JP 5426675 B2 JP5426675 B2 JP 5426675B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- acetic acid
- ethanol
- catalyst
- cobalt
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 215
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 108
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 103
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 11
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 8
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 ammonium metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOKCJCODOLGYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dichloro-2-imidazol-1-ylpyrimidine Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=NC(N2C=NC=C2)=N1 GOKCJCODOLGYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHYGLAZPRJAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 QSHYGLAZPRJAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910017813 Cu—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZKBCXRQGYSBDKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde;ethanol Chemical compound CCO.CCO.CC=O ZKBCXRQGYSBDKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVHCUJZTWMCYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);trinitrate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GVHCUJZTWMCYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical class [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012421 spiking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- C07C29/149—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/86—Chromium
-
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Description
これに限定されるものではないが、本発明は以下の態様の発明を包含する。
[1]酢酸及び水素を含む供給流を、昇温温度において、好適な触媒担体上の約0.1重量%〜約20重量%のコバルト、及び場合によっては該担体上に担持されている第2又は第3の金属を含み、第2又は第3の金属が、パラジウム、白金、ロジウム、ルテニウム、レニウム、イリジウム、クロム、銅、スズ、モリブデン、タングステン、バナジウム、及び亜鉛からなる群から選択される好適な水素化触媒と接触させることを含む、酢酸からエタノールを選択的且つ直接に生成する方法。
[2]触媒担体が、シリカ、アルミナ、ケイ酸カルシウム、炭素、ジルコニア、及びチタニアからなる群から選択される、[1]に記載の方法。
[3]触媒担体がシリカである、[2]に記載の方法。
[4]触媒担体が高純度シリカである、[3]に記載の方法。
[5]触媒担体がケイ酸カルシウムである、[2]に記載の方法。
[6]触媒担体が炭素である、[2]に記載の方法。
[7]触媒担体が黒鉛である、[6]に記載の方法。
[8]触媒担体が高表面積の黒鉛化炭素である、[7]に記載の方法。
[9]第2の金属がパラジウムである、[1]に記載の方法。
[10]コバルトの装填量が約10重量%であり、パラジウムの装填量が約1重量%であり、触媒担体が黒鉛である、[9]に記載の方法。
[11]第2の金属が白金である、[1]に記載の方法。
[12]コバルトの装填量が約10重量%であり、白金の装填量が約1重量%であり、触媒担体が高純度シリカである、[11]に記載の方法。
[13]消費された酢酸を基準とするエタノールへの選択率が少なくとも40%である、[1]に記載の方法。
[14]消費された酢酸を基準とするエタノールへの選択率が少なくとも60%である、[1]に記載の方法。
[15]消費された酢酸を基準とするエタノールへの選択率が少なくとも80%である、[1]に記載の方法。
[16]消費された酢酸を基準とするエタノールへの選択率が少なくとも95%である、[1]に記載の方法。
[17]エタノールへの水素化を、気相中、約200℃〜300℃の範囲の温度において行う、[1]に記載の方法。
[18]エタノールへの水素化を、気相中、約225℃〜275℃の範囲の温度において行う、[17]に記載の方法。
[19]供給流が不活性キャリアガスを含む、[17]に記載の方法。
[20]反応物質が約100:1〜1:100の範囲のモル比の酢酸及び水素から構成され、反応区域の温度が約200℃〜300℃の範囲であり、反応区域の圧力が約1〜30絶対気圧の範囲である、[17]に記載の方法。
[21]反応物質が約1:20〜1:2の範囲のモル比の酢酸及び水素から構成され、反応区域の温度が約225℃〜275℃の範囲であり、反応区域の圧力が約10〜25絶対気圧の範囲である、[17]に記載の方法。
[22]酢酸及び水素を含む供給流を、昇温温度において、好適な触媒担体上の約1重量%〜約15重量%のコバルト、及び該担体上に担持されている第2の金属を含み、第2の金属が、パラジウム、白金、銅、スズ、モリブデン、及びタングステンからなる群から選択される好適な水素化触媒と接触させることを含む、酢酸からエタノールを選択的且つ直接に生成する方法。
[23]第2の金属が約1重量%の装填レベルのパラジウム又は白金である、[22]に記載の方法。
[24]触媒担体がシリカ又は黒鉛である、[22]に記載の方法。
[25]反応物質が約1:20〜1:2の範囲のモル比の酢酸及び水素から構成され、反応区域の温度が約225℃〜275℃の範囲であり、反応区域の圧力が約10〜25絶対気圧の範囲である、[22]に記載の方法。
「選択率」は、転化した酢酸を基準とするモル%として表す。例えば、転化率が50モル%であり、転化した酢酸の50モル%がエタノールに転化している場合には、本発明者らはエタノール選択率が50%であると言う。エタノール(EtOH)への選択率は、ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)のデータから下式:
触媒金属の重量%は、金属の重量、並びに金属及び担体の合計乾燥重量に基づく。
反応は、次の化学式:
本発明によれば、酢酸のエタノールへの転化は、例えば、所望の場合には層状固定床であってよい単一の反応区域内のような種々の形態で行うことができる。断熱反応器を用いることができ、或いは熱伝達媒体を備えたシェルアンドチューブ反応器を用いることができる。固定床には、異なる触媒粒子又はここで更に記載する複数の触媒を含む触媒粒子の混合物を含ませることができる。固定床にはまた、反応物質のための混合区域を構成する粒子状材料の層を含ませることもできる。酢酸、水素、及び場合によっては不活性キャリアガスを含む反応混合物を、混合区域への加圧流として床に供給する。この流れは、次に(差圧を用いて)反応区域又は層に供給される。反応区域は、好適な水素化触媒を含む触媒組成物を含み、ここで酢酸が水素化されてエタノールが生成する。反応器のタイプ、処理量の要求などに応じて、任意の好適な粒径を用いることができる。
規定した特性を有する炭素担体を製造するために好ましい熱処理手順は、順番に、(1)炭素を不活性雰囲気中900℃〜3300℃の温度で加熱し(2)炭素を300℃〜1200℃の温度で酸化し(3)不活性雰囲気中900℃〜3000℃の温度で加熱する;ことを含む。
不活性ガス中の加熱の継続時間は重要ではない。炭素において必要な変化を生起させるためには、炭素を必要な最高温度に加熱するのに必要な時間で十分である。
酸化剤の供給速度は、好ましくは所望の重量損失が少なくとも2時間、より好ましくは少なくとも4時間で起こるようなものである。
上述したように、触媒担体上のコバルトの装填レベルは、一般に約0.1重量%〜約20重量%の範囲である。担体上の第2又は第3の金属の装填量は、本発明においてはあまり重要ではなく、約0.1重量%〜約10重量%の範囲で変化させることができる。担体の重量を基準として約1重量%〜約6重量%の金属装填量が特に好ましい。したがって、例えば約4〜12重量%のコバルトを含む黒鉛上に担持されている0.5〜2重量%のパラジウムが特に好ましい触媒である。同様に、約4〜12重量%のコバルトを含む高純度シリカ上に担持されている約0.5〜2重量%の白金を含む触媒も好ましい触媒である。
反応は、気体状態又は液体状態において、広範囲の条件下で行うことができる。好ましくは、反応は気相中で行う。例えば約200℃〜約300℃、好ましくは約225℃〜約275℃の範囲の反応温度を用いることができる。圧力は一般に反応に対して重要ではなく、大気圧以下、大気圧、又は大気圧以上の圧力を用いることができる。しかしながら、殆どの場合においては、反応圧は約1〜30絶対気圧の範囲であり、最も好ましくは反応区域の圧力は約10〜25絶対気圧の範囲である。
実施例A
黒鉛上10重量%コバルト/1重量%パラジウムの製造:
約0.2mmの均一な粒径分布の粉末化し篩別した黒鉛(100g)を、オーブン内、窒素雰囲気下で120℃において一晩乾燥し、次に室温に冷却した。これに、蒸留水(22mL)中の硝酸パラジウム(Heraeus)(2.2g)の溶液を加えた。得られたスラリーを、オーブン内で110℃に徐々に加熱(>2時間、10℃/分)して乾燥した。次に、含浸した触媒混合物を500℃においてカ焼した(6時間、1℃/分)。このカ焼し冷却した材料に、蒸留水(50mL)中の硝酸コバルト6水和物(49.4g)の溶液を加えた。得られたスラリーを、オーブン内で110℃に徐々に加熱(>2時間、10℃/分)して乾燥した。次に、含浸した触媒混合物を500℃においてカ焼した(6時間、1℃/分)。
黒鉛上5重量%コバルト/0.5重量%パラジウムの製造:
約0.2mmの均一な粒径分布の粉末化し篩別した黒鉛(100g)を、オーブン内、窒素雰囲気下で120℃において一晩乾燥し、次に室温に冷却した。これに、蒸留水(11mL)中の硝酸パラジウム(Heraeus)(1.1g)の溶液を加えた。得られたスラリーを、オーブン内で110℃に徐々に加熱(>2時間、10℃/分)して乾燥した。次に、含浸した触媒混合物を500℃においてカ焼した(6時間、1℃/分)。このカ焼し冷却した材料に、蒸留水(25mL)中の硝酸コバルト6水和物(24.7g)の溶液を加えた。得られたスラリーを、オーブン内で110℃に徐々に加熱(>2時間、10℃/分)して乾燥した。次に、含浸した触媒混合物を500℃においてカ焼した(6時間、1℃/分)。
高純度シリカ上10重量%コバルト/1重量%白金の製造:
約0.2mmの均一な粒径分布の粉末化し篩別した高純度シリカ(100g)を、オーブン内、窒素雰囲気下で120℃において一晩乾燥し、次に室温に冷却した。これに、蒸留水(16mL)中の硝酸白金(Chempur)(1.64g)の溶液を加えた。得られたスラリーを、オーブン内で110℃に徐々に加熱(>2時間、10℃/分)して乾燥した。次に、含浸した触媒混合物を500℃においてカ焼した(6時間、1℃/分)。このカ焼し冷却した材料に、蒸留水(50mL)中の硝酸コバルト6水和物(49.4g)の溶液を加えた。得られたスラリーを、オーブン内で110℃に徐々に加熱(>2時間、10℃/分)して乾燥した。次に、含浸した触媒混合物を500℃においてカ焼した(6時間、1℃/分)。
ケイ酸カルシウム上10重量%コバルト/1重量%白金の製造:
約0.2mmの均一な粒径分布の粉末化し篩別したケイ酸カルシウム(100g)を、オーブン内、窒素雰囲気下で120℃において一晩乾燥し、次に室温に冷却した。これに、蒸留水(16mL)中の硝酸白金(Chempur)(1.64g)の溶液を加えた。得られたスラリーを、オーブン内で110℃に徐々に加熱(>2時間、10℃/分)して乾燥した。次に、含浸した触媒混合物を500℃においてカ焼した(6時間、1℃/分)。このカ焼し冷却した材料に、蒸留水(50mL)中の硝酸コバルト6水和物(49.4g)の溶液を加えた。得られたスラリーを、オーブン内で110℃に徐々に加熱(>2時間、10℃/分)して乾燥した。次に、含浸した触媒混合物を500℃においてカ焼した(6時間、1℃/分)。
黒鉛上10重量%コバルト/1重量%クロムの製造:
約0.2mmの均一な粒径分布の粉末化し篩別した黒鉛(100g)を、オーブン内、窒素雰囲気下で120℃において一晩乾燥し、次に室温に冷却した。これに、蒸留水(13mL)中の硝酸クロム9水和物(Alfa Aesar)(6.5g)の溶液を加えた。得られたスラリーを、オーブン内で110℃に徐々に加熱(>2時間、10℃/分)して乾燥した。次に、含浸した触媒混合物を500℃においてカ焼した(6時間、1℃/分)。このカ焼し冷却した材料に、蒸留水(50mL)中の硝酸コバルト6水和物(49.4g)の溶液を加えた。得られたスラリーを、オーブン内で110℃に徐々に加熱(>2時間、10℃/分)して乾燥した。次に、含浸した触媒混合物を500℃においてカ焼した(6時間、1℃/分)。
オンラインGCによって生成物の分析を行った。1つの炎イオン化検出器(FID)及び2つの熱伝導度型検出器(TCD)を備えた3チャンネルの小型GCを用いて、反応物質及び生成物を分析した。フロントチャンネルには、FID及びCP-Sil 5(20m)+WaxFFap(5m)カラムを取り付け、これを用いて
アセトアルデヒド;
エタノール;
アセトン;
酢酸メチル;
酢酸ビニル;
酢酸エチル;
酢酸;
エチレングリコールジアセテート;
エチレングリコール;
エチリデンジアセテート;
パラアルデヒド;
を定量した。
CO2;
エチレン;
エタン;
を定量した。
ヘリウム;
水素;
窒素;
メタン;
一酸化炭素;
を定量した。
用いた触媒は、実施例Aの手順にしたがって製造した黒鉛上10重量%コバルト/1重量%パラジウムであった。
用いた触媒は、実施例Bの手順にしたがって製造した黒鉛上5重量%コバルト/0.5重量%白金であった。
用いた触媒は、実施例Cの手順にしたがって製造した高純度シリカ上10重量%コバルト/1重量%白金であった。
用いた触媒は、実施例Dの手順にしたがって製造したケイ酸カルシウム上10重量%コバルト/1重量%白金であった。
用いた触媒は、実施例Eの手順にしたがって製造した黒鉛上10重量%コバルト/1重量%クロムであった。
Claims (12)
- 蒸気形態の酢酸及び水素を含む供給流を、200℃〜300℃の温度において、触媒担体上のコバルト及び第2の金属を含み、コバルトが0.1重量%〜20重量%の量で存在しており、第2の金属がパラジウムである、水素化触媒と接触させることを含む、酢酸からエタノールを選択的且つ直接に生成する方法。
- 触媒担体が、シリカ、アルミナ、ケイ酸カルシウム、炭素、ジルコニア、及びチタニアからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- コバルトの装填量が4〜12重量%であり、パラジウムの装填量が0.5〜2重量%であり、触媒担体が黒鉛である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 消費された酢酸を基準とするエタノールへの選択率が少なくとも40%である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 消費された酢酸を基準とするエタノールへの選択率が少なくとも60%である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 消費された酢酸を基準とするエタノールへの選択率が少なくとも80%である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 消費された酢酸を基準とするエタノールへの選択率が少なくとも95%である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- エタノールへの水素化を、225℃〜275℃の範囲の温度において行う、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 供給流が不活性キャリアガスを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 反応物質が100:1〜1:100の範囲のモル比の酢酸及び水素から構成され、圧力が1〜30絶対気圧の範囲である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 反応物質が1:20〜1:2の範囲のモル比の酢酸及び水素から構成され、反応区域の温度が225℃〜275℃の範囲であり、圧力が10〜25絶対気圧の範囲である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- コバルトが1重量%〜15重量%の量で存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
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