JP5419703B2 - 眼内薬物送達システム - Google Patents
眼内薬物送達システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5419703B2 JP5419703B2 JP2009539402A JP2009539402A JP5419703B2 JP 5419703 B2 JP5419703 B2 JP 5419703B2 JP 2009539402 A JP2009539402 A JP 2009539402A JP 2009539402 A JP2009539402 A JP 2009539402A JP 5419703 B2 JP5419703 B2 JP 5419703B2
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Description
以下の用語は、以下の意味を有するものと定義される。
意外にも、薬剤拡散MRI画像分析により、眼の四分円におけるテノン下インプラントを使用した場合に、活性剤が、インプラントの四分円における毛様体領域を優先的に通り、次に、活性剤が房水に入り、均一に分布し、次に、活性剤が通常の排液経路(小柱網および虹彩根)を360°で通って出ることを、我々は確認した。従って、1つの四分円に配置した前テノン下インプラントが、活性剤を前区域において360°で分散させることができる。
黄斑症/網膜変性: 黄斑変性(加齢性黄斑変性(ARMD)、例えば、非滲出性加齢性黄斑変性および滲出性加齢性黄斑変性を含む)、脈絡膜新生血管形成、網膜症(糖尿病性網膜症を含む)、急性および慢性黄斑視神経網膜症、中心性漿液性網脈絡膜症、および黄斑水腫(類嚢胞黄斑水腫および糖尿病性黄斑水腫を含む)。
ブドウ膜炎/網膜炎/脈絡膜炎: 急性多発性斑状色素上皮症、ベーチェット病、バードショット脈絡網膜症、感染症(梅毒、ライム病、結核症、トキソプラスマ症)、ブドウ膜炎(中間部ブドウ膜炎(扁平部炎)および前部ブドウ膜炎を含む)、多病巣性脈絡膜炎、多発性一過性白点症候群(MEWDS)、眼類肉腫症、後強膜炎、ほ行性脈絡膜炎、網膜下線維症、ブドウ膜炎症候群、およびフォークト-小柳-原田症候群。
血管疾患/滲出性疾患: 網膜動脈閉塞症、網膜中心静脈閉塞症、播種性血管内凝固症、網膜分岐静脈閉塞症、高血圧性眼底変化、眼虚血症候群、網膜動脈小血管瘤、コーツ病、中心窩傍(parafoveal)毛細管拡張症、半網膜静脈閉塞症、乳頭静脈炎、網膜中心動脈閉塞症、網膜分岐動脈閉塞症、頸動脈疾患(CAD)、霜状分岐血管炎、鎌状赤血球網膜症および他の異常ヘモグロビン症、網膜色素線条症、家族性滲出性硝子体網膜症、イールズ病。
外傷性/外科手術性: 交感性眼炎、ブドウ膜炎網膜疾患、網膜剥離、外傷、レーザー、PDT、光凝固、手術中の低灌流、放射線網膜症、骨髄移植網膜症。
増殖性疾患: 増殖性硝子体網膜症および網膜上膜、増殖性糖尿病性網膜症。
感染性疾患: 眼ヒストプラスマ症、眼トキソカラ症、推定眼ヒストプラスマ症候群(POHS)、眼内炎、トキソプラスマ症、HIV感染関連網膜疾患、HIV感染関連脈絡膜疾患、HIV感染関連ブドウ膜炎疾患、ウイルス性網膜炎、急性網膜壊死、進行性網膜外層壊死、真菌性網膜疾患、眼梅毒、眼結核症、びまん性片側性亜急性神経網膜炎、およびハエウジ病。
遺伝病: 色素性網膜炎、関連網膜ジストロフィーを伴う全身疾患、先天性停在夜盲症、錐体ジストロフィー、シュタルガルト病および黄色斑眼底、ベスト病、網膜色素上皮のパターンジストロフィー、X連鎖網膜分離症、ソーズビー眼底ジストロフィー、良性同心性黄斑症、ビエッティ(Biett's)結晶状ジストロフィー、弾性線維性仮性黄色腫。
網膜断裂/円孔: 網膜剥離、黄斑円孔、巨大網膜断裂。
腫瘍: 腫瘍に関連した網膜疾患、先天性RPE肥大、後部ブドウ膜メラノーマ、脈絡膜血管腫、脈絡膜骨腫、脈絡膜転移、網膜および網膜色素上皮の複合(combined)過誤腫、網膜芽細胞腫、眼底の血管増殖性腫瘍、網膜星状細胞腫、眼内リンパ性腫瘍。
その他: 点状内脈絡膜症、急性後極部多発性板状色素上皮症、近視性網膜変性、急性網膜色素上皮炎など。
この実験において、2-メトキシエストラジオールを活性剤として含んで成るPLA基剤ミクロスフェアを作製し、注射によってウサギの眼の種々の眼内位置に投与した。意義深いことに、我々は、ミクロスフェアが充分に許容され、全ての眼の赤味(眼表面充血)が、眼内投与から1週間以内になくなった(消散した)ことを見出した。従って、本明細書に記載した方法によるこれらのミクロスフェアの投与は、有意な眼表面充血を生じなかった。
上外側四分円における眼球結膜を、鉗子で持ち上げた。上向きのべベル(bevel)を有する26ゲージ、1/2インチの皮下注射針を、結膜下腔に挿入し、0.2mLの配合物番号1(グループ1)または配合物番号2(グループ4)を注射した。
眼球結膜(角膜輪部より上2〜3mm)、および輪部から2~3mmで始まる上外側四分円におけるテノン嚢を通って、上向きのべベルを有する25ゲージ、5/8インチの皮下注射針を挿入することによって、テノン下注射を行った。5〜10μLの滅菌生理食塩水を注射することによって、この位置に小さいブレブ(bleb)を形成した。組織のブレブを、21ゲージ、1インチの皮下注射針で穿刺して、テノン腔下への平滑(blunt)カニューレの挿入を可能にした。23ゲージ平滑カニューレを、テノン腔下に挿入し、上外側方向に約10〜15mm後方的に進めた。次に、0.2mLの配合物番号1(グループ2)または配合物番号2(グループ5)を、ミクロスフェア懸濁液ボーラスが視神経に近い強膜の後面に一般に配置されるように注射した。
前方から後方への眼窩の曲線に沿うように曲げた22ゲージ、1.5インチの螺旋針を使用して、眼球後注射を行った。針を外眼角の結膜接合部に挿入し、針が眼球の後部の眼窩骨に出会うまで、針を後方に進めた。スタイレットを除去し、吸引を行った。血液が吸引された場合、針の位置を変え、2回目の吸引を行った。血液が吸引されなければ、0.2mLの配合物番号1(グループ3)または配合物番号2(グループ6)を注射し、針を除去した。グループ1〜6の各動物への用量投与後に、AKWA Tears(登録商標)、低刺激眼軟膏剤を各動物の投与された眼に適用して、眼が乾燥するのを防いだ。全てのグループにおいて、投与後に、シプロフロキサシン軟膏剤を投与した。
乳酸ポリマー、ブリモニジン治療薬ミクロスフェアを作製し、ウサギの眼の結膜下腔に注射器で注射する2つの実験を行った。PLAブリモニジンミクロスフェアは、水性ビヒクル、例えば等張燐酸緩衝生理食塩水中の、懸濁液として注射した。20℃におけるミクロスフェア懸濁液の粘度は、約200,000cpsまでであった。ブリモニジン含有ミクロスフェアを、結膜下に注射して(25〜30注射針ゲージを使用)、治療レベルの治療薬(ブリモニジン)を、前眼房(例えば、高眼圧の治療のため)および/または後眼房に投与して、網膜症状を治療した。
I. テノン下配置
A. 第一実験において、酒石酸ブリモニジンPLAインプラントを、前テノン腔下に埋め込んだ。3つまたは6つの酒石酸ブリモニジンインプラント(各インプラントは400μgの酒石酸ブリモニジンを含有)を、ニュージーランド白ウサギの右眼の縁から上側頭に3〜4mmで前テノン下領域に埋め込んだ(インプラント配置が、図1の右下の角に写真で示されている)。3つのインプラント(従って、合計投与量1200μg)を3匹のウサギに配置し、6つのインプラント(従って、合計投与量2400μg)を3匹のウサギに配置し、プラセボインプラントを3匹のウサギに配置した。
この実験において、ニュージーランド白ウサギの眼に、酒石酸ブリモニジンロッド形インプラントを投与した。各インプラントは、200μgの酒石酸ブリモニジンを、インプラント全重量の35wt%として含有していた。インプラントの40wt%はPLA Resomer R203Sであり、残りの25wt%はPLA Resomer R208であった。インプラントは、二軸押出機を使用する溶融押出法によって作製した。各インプラントの重量は、約0.571mg±15%であった。インプラントを、右眼の縁から上側頭に3〜4mmで前脈絡膜上腔に配置した。幅2.3mmの三日月形(crescent angled)眼科用ブレードをインプラント部位に入れ、露出させた後に、鉗子を使用して2つのインプラント(合計投与量400μg)をウサギの眼の前脈絡膜上腔に配置した。切開区域を、1本の吸収性縫合糸で閉じた。上脈絡膜腔は、強膜と脈絡膜の間に存在する。各インプラントは、生体外で、約200μgの薬剤を約3〜4ヵ月間にわたって放出した。図5は、インプラントが眼内圧の低下を約35日間にわたって与え、いくらかの残留IOP低下作用が、約83日まで見られた。
ニュージーランド白ウサギの右眼の縁から上側頭に3〜4mmで強膜内(前強膜内位置)に、2つの200μg酒石酸ブリモニジンインプラントを配置した。各インプラントは、200μg(35wt%)酢酸ブリモニジン、40wt% PLA Resomer R203S、および25wt% PLA Resomer R208から成っていた。インプラントを、二軸押出機を使用する溶融押出法によって作製した。1つのインプラントの重量は、約0.571mg±15%であった。インプラントを、鉗子によって強膜ポケットに配置した。
この実験において、生分解性ロッド形ビマトプロスト含有インプラントを、6匹のイヌの眼に投与した。2匹のイヌはそれぞれ、3つの並列プラセボインプラントを投与され、2匹のイヌは、3つの並列薬剤含有インプラントを投与され、残りの2匹のイヌは、それぞれ6つの並列薬剤含有インプラントを投与された。各インプラントは、15wt%(150μg)ビマトプロスト、75wt% RG752Sおよび10wt% PEG3350から成っていた。各インプラントの重さは、約1mgであった。RG752Sは、D,L-ラクチド/グリコリド比が75:25のポリ(D,L-ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)ポリマーである。RG752Sは、0.1%クロロホルム中25℃において0.16〜0.24dl/gのインヘレント粘度を有し、Boehringer Ingelheim Chemicals. Inc. Petersburg, Virginiaから入手可能である。PEG-3350は、式[HO(C2H4O)nで示され、平均分子量3350を有する広く入手可能な合成ポリグリコールである。
この実験において、ポリオルトエステルポリマーを基剤とする薬物送達システムを結膜下に埋め込んで、治療レベルの活性剤(例えばブリモニジン)を、前眼房(例えば、高い眼内圧を治療するため)および/または後眼房(網膜症状を治療するため)に与えうることを我々は確認した。この実施例において、いくつかのポリオルトエステル(POE)インプラント(ロッド)を作製し、3種類のPOE配合インプラントを、ウサギの眼の結膜下に眼内挿入した。挿入した3つのPOEインプラント配合物のうちの2つ(ロット1およびロット2)の詳細を、以下に示す。
25ゲージ針を有する注射器を使用して、6匹のイヌ(ビーグル)の左眼の縁から上側頭に3〜4mmで前テノン下領域にビマトプロストミクロスフェアを注射した。
この実験において、急性および慢性網膜傷害、疾患および症状を治療し、糖尿病性黄斑虚血を有する患者の視力およびコントラスト感度を向上させ、網膜神経保護を与え、糖尿病性網膜症に関連した変化、例えば小血管瘤(これは、血管漏出および黄斑水腫に関連しうる)に関連した変化を予防するための、硝子体内投与用のブリモニジン薬物送達システムを作製した。
Claims (7)
- (a) 8ミクロン〜14ミクロンの平均直径を有する複数のミクロスフェア、および
(b) ミクロスフェア用の水性ビヒクル、
を含んで成り;
該ミクロスフェアが、
(1) α2アドレナリン作用薬である治療薬、および
(2) ポリ乳酸(PLA)ポリマーからなる生分解性ポリマー、
から成り;
該薬物送達システムが、24〜30ゲージ注射針によって該薬物送達システムを眼内位置に注射することを可能にする20℃における粘度15,000cps〜100,000cpsを有する、生物適合性の注射可能な眼内薬物送達システム。 - α2アドレナリン作用薬が、ブリモニジンである請求項1に記載の薬物送達システム。
- α2アドレナリン作用薬が、ミクロスフェアの0.5wt%〜15wt%を占め、PLAポリマーがミクロスフェアの85wt%〜99.5wt%を占める請求項1に記載の薬物送達システム。
- PLAポリマーが、ポリ(D,L)ラクチドポリマーである請求項1に記載の薬物送達システム。
- PLAポリマーが、0.1%クロロホルム中25℃において0.4dL/gm〜0.8dL/gmのインヘレント粘度を有する請求項1に記載の薬物送達システム。
- ミクロスフェアが、0.5μg/日〜20μg/日のα2アドレナリン作用薬を、10日〜100日の期間にわたって放出することができる請求項1に記載の薬物送達システム。
- (a) 8ミクロン〜14ミクロンの平均直径を有する複数のミクロスフェア、および
(b) ミクロスフェア用の水性ビヒクル、
を含んで成り;
該ミクロスフェアが、
(1) ミクロスフェアの0.5wt%〜15wt%を占めるブリモニジン、および
(2) 0.1%クロロホルム中25℃において0.4dL/gm〜0.8dL/gmのインヘレント粘度を有するポリ(D,L)ラクチドポリマーからなる生分解性ポリマーであり、該ポリ(D,L)ラクチドポリマーがミクロスフェアの85wt%〜99.5wt%を占める生分解性ポリマー、
から成り;
該薬物送達システムを20〜26ゲージ注射針によって眼内位置に注射することができ、該ミクロスフェアが0.5μg/日〜20μg/日のブリモニジンを10日〜100日の期間にわたって放出することができる、生物適合性の注射可能な眼内薬物送達システム。
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