JP5276852B2 - Iii族窒化物半導体エピタキシャル基板の製造方法 - Google Patents
Iii族窒化物半導体エピタキシャル基板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 58
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 42
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 70
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylgallium Chemical compound CC[Ga](CC)CC RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002109 crystal growth method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007737 ion beam deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
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Description
すなわち、特許文献1には、サファイア基板上に第1のGaN系半導体層を形成し、この第1のGaN系半導体層上にシリコン酸化膜(SiO2)又はシリコン窒化膜(SiN)からなるマスクパターンを形成する。そして、このマスクパターンを用いて第2のGaN系半導体層をELO成長させて形成するGaN系半導体素子の製造方法が開示されている。これにより、垂直方向への貫通転位が抑制されたGaN系半導体層が得られると記載されている。
[1] エピタキシャル膜成長用の基板上又は前記基板上に形成されたIII族窒化物層上に炭素からなるマスクパターンを形成する工程と、
前記マスクパターンを用いてAlxGa1−xN(0<x≦1)なる組成のELO成長層を、当該マスクパターン上において当該ELO成長層の多結晶化を抑制しつつ形成する工程と、を備え、
前記ELO成長層を形成する工程は、1250℃以上の成長温度を用いて当該ELO層を形成するとともに、前記基板又は前記III族窒化物層と前記ELO成長層との間に当該マスクパターンが残存しないことを特徴とするIII族窒化物半導体エピタキシャル基板の製造方法。
図1は本発明の一実施形態であるIII族窒化物半導体エピタキシャル基板の構成を示す断面模式図である。また、図2及び図3は、III族窒化物半導体エピタキシャル基板の製造方法を示す断面模式図である。尚、以下の図1〜3は本発明の実施形態の構成を説明するためのものであり、図示される各部の大きさや厚さや寸法等は、実際のIII族窒化物半導体エピタキシャル基板の寸法関係とは異なる場合がある。
先ず、III族窒化物半導体エピタキシャル基板10の各構成について以下に説明する。
マスクパターン形成工程では、先ず、図2(a)に示すように、基板1上にIII族窒化物層2を積層して形成する。III族窒化物層2の形成方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えばHVPE(Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy)法、MOCVD(Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition)法等の汎用的な結晶成長方法を適用することができる。
ELO成長層工程では、III族窒化物層2上にAlxGa1−xN(0<x≦1)なる組成を有する結晶をエピタキシャル成長させることによってELO成長層4を積層して形成する。エピタキシャル成長させる方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、有機金属化学的気相堆積法(MOVPE、MOCVDまたはOMVPEなどと略称される)、分子線エピタキシャル法(MBE)、ハイドライド気相成長法(HVPE)等の気相成長法を適用することができる。また、AlN結晶に限定した場合には、昇華法や液相成長法も適用することができる。なお、これらに例示した方法の中でもMOVPE法を適用することが好ましい。
気相成長法は、液相法と比較してAlGaN混晶結晶を作製し易いために好ましい。さらに、MOVPE法は、HVPE法と比較して組成の制御が容易であり、MBE法と比較して大きな成長速度が得られるために好ましい。
また、マスクパターン3上には、隣接する結晶4A同士の境界線として会合線Lが形成される。なお、上述したELO法による結晶成長の初期段階、すなわち図3(a)から図3(b)への過程において、マスクパターン3の上面3aの上方には、結晶4Aの横方向への成長が十分でないために会合線Lの近傍に一部空隙(ボイド)が発生する場合がある。しかしながら、この空隙を伴ってELO成長層4が成長した場合であっても、この空隙は結晶成長が進んだ段階、すなわち図3(b)終盤には消失する。このため、十分に結晶成長したELO成長層4には、表面4a近傍に空隙が存在することはない。
以下に示すような方法により、図1に示すような構造を有するAlNエピタキシャル基板を製造した。
先ず、サファイア基板上にIII族窒化物層となるAlNを成膜した。AlN成膜には、高温MOCVD装置を用いた。具体的には、サファイア基板をモリブデンサセプタに載置し、ロードロック室を介してステンレス鋼を用いた水冷反応炉内にこの基板をセットした。その後、窒素ガスを流通し炉内をパージした。
次に、AlN層を形成した基板の表面に、カーボン(炭素)からなるマスクパターンを形成した。カーボンの成膜には、スパッタ装置を用いた。具体的には、AlN層を形成した基板の表面に、下記に示した成膜条件を用いてカーボン膜を全面にスパッタして形成した。次に、フォトリソグラフィーにより、数μm間隔のストライプ上のレジストパターンを形成した。そして、このウェハを酸素アッシングによって、カーボン膜が露出した部分を酸化除去した。その後、レジストパターンを除去して、AlN層上にカーボン膜ストライプ構造が形成された。
ターゲット: 高純度グラファイト
成膜温度: 室温
成膜速度: 40〜50nm/hr
膜厚: 200nm
最後に、カーボン膜ストライプ構造が形成されたウェハ上にELO成長層となるAlN膜を成膜した。このAlN膜の成膜には、III族窒化物層の形成と同様に、高温MOCVD装置を用いた。具体的には、カーボン膜ストライプ構造が形成された基板をモリブデンサセプタに載置し、ロードロック室を介してステンレス鋼を用いた水冷反応炉内にこの基板をセットした。その後、窒素ガスを流通し炉内をパージした。
Claims (1)
- エピタキシャル膜成長用の基板上又は前記基板上に形成されたIII族窒化物層上に炭素からなるマスクパターンを形成する工程と、
前記マスクパターンを用いてAlxGa1−xN(0<x≦1)なる組成のELO成長層を、当該マスクパターン上において当該ELO成長層の多結晶化を抑制しつつ形成する工程と、を備え、
前記ELO成長層を形成する工程は、1250℃以上の成長温度を用いて当該ELO層を形成するとともに、前記基板又は前記III族窒化物層と前記ELO成長層との間に当該マスクパターンが残存しないことを特徴とするIII族窒化物半導体エピタキシャル基板の製造方法。
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